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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN
IN POWER
1200-1250
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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Around 1200-09 Hereditary Lady Bertha von Vohburg of Greiz, Hof,
Regnitztal, Ronnenburg and Plauen (Austria) |
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Daughter and heir of the Margrave of Vohburg.
Married Heinrich II der Reiche von Reuss Steward of Weida and Gera.
Mother of Heinrich III and Heinrich IV. |
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Before 1200 Queen Arjayadengjayaketana of Bali (Indonesia) |
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Joint ruler with King Haji Ekajayalancana. The first centuries AD
until the year o 1500, constituted the Hindu influence period. With
the coming of Indian influences. In running the government, the
monarch was assisted by a Central Advisory Board. In the oldest
charter 882 AD - 914 AD, the board was called panglapuan. The Board
members comprised several commanders', Senapatis and Siwa and Buddhist
priests. |
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1200-05 Sovereign Countess Palatine Jeanne of Bourgogne
(France) |
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Daughter of Otto I and Marguerite de Champagne, Comtesse
Palatine de Bourgogne (1200-1205) and succeeded by sister Beatrix II
(1192-1231). She lived (1191-1205). |
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1200-31 Sovereign Countess Beatrix II of Franche-Comté (France)
1205-31 Countess Palatine de Bourgogne |
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Succeeded father, Otto I in Franche-Comté and sister in Bourgogne, and
reigned jointly with husband Duke Otto II de Meran (1208-34), who was
succeeded by their son, Otto III de Meran and Franche-Comté and in
1248 by daughter, Alix. She
lived (1192-1231). |
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1200-after 45 Dame Beatrix de Courtenay of Toron and Cabor,
Titular Countess of Edessa (Israel) |
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Oldest daughter of Joscelin II and Agnes de Milly, she first married
Guillaume de Lusignan, Wilhelm de Lusignan, Seigneur de Valence (d.
circa 1206) and Otto II. Graf von Henneberg and mother of two sons by
the last son.
(d. after 1245). |
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1200-08 Regent Burgavine Petronella van Kortrijk of Gent
(Belgium) |
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Her
husband Zeger II was a templar from 1200 and in 1202 he died, and she
continued as regent for their son Zeger III (1190-1227). She remained
influential after her son took over the government and for example
donated some lands to an abbey in 1214. When signing documents she
used the titulature of Burgravine van Gent and Kortrÿk. |
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Around 1200 Administrator Urodati Vennele Settikavve of
Satenahalli in Karnataka (India) |
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Also security officer, and stopped loot and rampage in her
territory in Karnataka by punishing the ruffians and supporting the
ethos of traders. She also arranged seminars on religion (dharma-prasanga). |
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1200-20 De-facto Co-Ruler
Terken Khatun of
Khwarezmian Empire (Iran) |
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After the death of her partner,
'Ala' al-Din Tekish
(1172-1200), she so dominated the court of their son, 'Ala' al-Din Muhammad II
(1200-20) and quarreled so bitterly with his heir by another
wife, Jalal al-Din, that she may have contributed to the impotence of the
Khwarazmshahi kingdom in the face of the Mongol onslaught. She had a separate
Divan and separate palace and the orders of the sultan were not considered to be effective without
her signature. The Shah ruled the heterogeneou peoples
without mercy. In face of Mongol attacks, Khwarazm empire, with a combined
army of 400.000, simply collapsed. Harezmshah
Muhammed had retreated to Samarkand towards the end of his domination and he
had to leave the capital city of Gurgenç to her. |
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Around 1200 Army Commander Queen Umadevi of Hoysala (India) |
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Led two campaigns against recalcitrant vassals during the reign of her
husband, king Viraballala II of Karnataka (1173-1220). |
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12... Regent Dowager Princess Alagai Bäki of the Ordos Mongols
in Gansu and Shaanxi (China)
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She
was widow of Boyaoche and daughter of Djingis Khan. The tribe was also
known as Öngüt in Chihua Cheng. |
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1201-30 Sovereign Dame Ermessenda de Castellbò i Caboët of
Andorra
1226-30 Sovereign Viscountess of Castellbò-Cerdagne (Spain) |
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Inherited Andorra from her mother Arnalda de Carboet (1164-1201) and
Castellbò by father Arnaud de Castellbò-Cerdagne (1155-1226). She and
married to Roger Bernard II of Foix (1195-1241) in 1208, and trough
their descendants Andorra was inherited by the houses of Foix, Bearn
and Navarra and France. She lived (1185-1230). |
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1201-22 Regent Dowager Countess Blanca de Navarra of Champagne
(France)
Until 1229 Regent of Navarra (Spain) |
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Also known as Blanche de Navarre, she was pregnant when her husband
Thibaut III died, and she became regent for her posthumously born son
Thibaut IV (1201-53). Her regency was plagued by a number of
difficulties. Her brother-in-law, count Henry II had left behind a
great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Thibaut III
died. Further, their son Thibaut's legitimacy was not unquestioned,
and his right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter
Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, count of Ramerupt and
one of the more powerful Champagne nobles. The conflict broke into
open warfare in 1215, and was not resolved until after Thibaut came
of age in 1222. At that time Thibaut and Blanca bought out their
rights for a substantial monetary payment. Her brother Sancho VII of
Navarre was the last male-line descendant of the first dynasty of
kings of Navarre, the Pamplona dynasty, and was childless and when he
went into retirement ("el Encerrado") she took administration of the
kingdom, though he remained king until her son succeeded him in 1234.
She was the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre (who died 1194)
and Sancha of Castile. She lived (1170's-1229). |
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1201 Pretender Philippine de Champagne-Jerusalem of Champagne
(France) |
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Younger daughter of Henri de Champagne and Queen Isabella I of
Jerusalem, she claimed the county of Champagne after the death of her
cousin, Thibaud, jointly with her older sister, Queen Alice of
Jerusalem, and the fights over the inheritance lasted about a quarter
of a century. Some of the nobles and prelates supported Philippa and
her sister; others supported Queen Blanca of Castilla and her son. In
1221 both sisters seceded their claims in exchange of a large payment.
But in 1227 they made a new attempt and new fights erupted. But in
1234 the inheritance was finally settled, the sisters were granted a
large sum of money and Alice had the treaty confirmed by her son,
Henri of Cyprus and her daughters Maria and Isabella. Philippa was
married to Sire Erard III de Brienne, mother of seven children, and
lived (circa 1195- 1250). |
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1202-04 Regent Countess Marie de Champagne of Flanders and Hainault (Belgium) |
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In charge of the government during husband, Count Baudouin IX's participation in the 5th crusade. He later became Emperor of Constantinople. She travelled to Jerusalem and died shortly after her arrival after
having given birth to her second daughter, the later Marguerite II. Her husband died in 1205 and was succeeded by daughter Jeanne. |
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1202/03-18
Judicissa Elena of Gallura in Sardinia (Italy) |
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When her father, Barisone II, died left her and the giudicato under the protection of Pope Innocent III, who asked Biagio, Archbishop of Torres to assure a smooth succession in Gallura, which meant arranging a marriage for the young
woman. In July 1204, the Pope wrote to her commending her for abiding by papal advice and admonishing her mother, Riccus, Archbishop of Cagliari, and the people of Gallura to follow the decision of Biagio. The bishop of Cività, the Gallurese capital, was sent to Rome to receive papal
instruction concerning the marriage prospects. Gugliermo of Cagliari had already intervened to remove a suitor, and did so again in 1206. Later that year she was informed that she would be marrying Trasimondo, a cousin of the Pope, but she refused and instead married a Pisan named Lamberto Visconti di
Eldizio. After her death, her husband was engaged to Benedetta of Cagliari. Her son Ubaldo II Visconti later succeeded, who was married to Judicissa Adelaisa of Logudoro. (d. circa 1218). |
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1202-circa 44 Sovereign Countess Isabelle Taillefer of Angoulême
(France) |
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Daughter of Adémer III Taillefer, who was pretender to the county
(1181-1202) against his sister, Countess Mahaut. After his death she
claimed the title, 6 years before Mahaut died. First married to King
John without Land of England 1216, who died when she was visiting
Queen Blance in Paris. After having returned to England she gave birth
to a daughter. After the coronation of her 8-year-old son, Henry, she
was asked by the Barons to leave England and she returned to her own
lands. Here she arranged for her daughter to marry Hugues X de
Lusignan, Count de La Marche, to whom she was engaged before her
marriage to John, but married him herself in 1218. She was very
powerful in both counties. Both her second husband and her son, Henry
III, were engaged in fights against the French king in 1242. The
following year she divided her possessions among those of her 13
children who had survived infancy, and joined the convent Fontrevault.
After her death her husband joined one of the crusades and died in the
Holy Land in 1249. She lived (1186-1246). |
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1202-after 05 Regent Countess Alice of Angoulême (France) |
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Widow of the pretender, Adémer Taillefer to the county, she was regent
for daughter, Isabelle. |
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1202-circa 06 Regent Dowager Countess Oda von Berg-Altna
of Tecklenburg (Germany) |
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Ruled in the name of son Otto I von Tecklenburg after the death of her
husband, Count Simon. Otto was succeeded by daughter, Helwig. |
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1203-28 Claimant to the Duchy Eléonore of Bretagne (France)
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After her brother, Arthur I (1186-1201-03) was assassinated by their
uncle, John without Land of England, claimed the duchy but was
imprisoned by John and placed in a Abbey in England. (d. 1244) |
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1203-21 Sovereign Duchess Alix de Thouars
of Bretagne (France) |
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Inherited Brittany after her half-brother Arthur was assassinated. She
was daughter of Duchess Constance and her father, Gui de Thouars, who
was duke-regent during her minority until 1213. Her husband, Pierre I
de Dreux, Count of Penthièvre and Richmond was Duke by the right of
his wife until 1221 and after her death during the minority of their
son, Jean I until 1237.
(d. 1221). |
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1203-28 Sovereign Countess Beatrice de Thiers of
Chalons-sur-Saône and Beaune (France)
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Succeeded father Guillaume VI and Married Etienne III de Bourgogne
(1170-1240). After her death in 1228, the county was inherited by son,
Jean I (1190-1266). |
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1203-08 Sovereign Countess Ada of Holland and Zeeland (The
Netherlands) |
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Only daughter of Dirk VII of Holland, who installed her as heir in
1203. Her
mother, Aleid von Kleve (d. 1238), married her off to
Lodewijk II
van Loon even before her father was burried. But within a short time,
support was mounting for Dirk’s brother, Willem, who took the title of
Count. Ada was taken prisoner by the English king and after 4 years
she was released after an agreement that made her husband Count of
Holland and her uncle Count of Zeeland. 2007 she was finally released
from England. When her husband died in 1208 her uncle took over the
reign and in 1213 he was officially granted the County by Emperor Otto
IV. She had no
children, and lived (circa 1189-circa
1223). |
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1203-24 Princess-Abbess Sophia von Brehna of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
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Daughter of Margrave Friedrich and Hedwig and lived (1182-1226). |
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1203
Reigning Abbess
Agnès II of the Royal Abbey of Jouarre (France) |
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The last known predecessor was Agnès I who reigned about 100 years earlier. |
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1204-05 Nominal Regent Dowager Queen Constance de
Aragón of Hungary
1212-20 Regent of Sicilia
(Italy) |
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After the death of her first husband, King Imre
of Hungary, she was regent for their son, Laszlo III, but they were held prisoners by her
brother-in-law, Andras, but they managed to escape to Austria, where
her son died in May 1205 after 3 months on the throne. She returned
to Aragon, but soon after married
Federico I Hohenstaufen
di Sicilia
(1194-1250), the son of Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV, who
succeeded his mother, Constanza, as king of Sicily, and who became
king of Germany 1212. She held the reins when he moved to Germany
and was confronted the
revolts of the Saracens (Moors). Together with her son, Heinrich,
she visited Friederich in Germany in
1216. When he became Holy Roman Emperor in 1220 (as Friederich II),
she joined him in Germany. After her death, her husband married
Queen Yolande de Brienne of Jerusalem and then Elizabeth of
England.
Her son, Heinrich died before his father, and since both his sons
had already died, Friederich was succeeded by his son by Yolande,
Conradin. Constance lived (1179-1222). |
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1204-circa 05 Regent Dowager Countess Mathilda of
Portugal of Flanders (The Netherlands) |
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Very influential during the reign of her husband Filips (d. 1191)
and her sister-in-law Marguerite and again during the reign of her son,
BoudewijnIX of Constantinople, and regent during his
participation in the 5th Crusade. Born as Mafalda, she was daughter of
King Sancho I (1154-85-1211) and Dulce of Aragón. |
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1204-13
Sovereign Lady Marie
de Guilhem of Montpellier (France) |
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When
her mother, Eudokia Komnen, a Byzantine Empress married her father,
Guillaume VIII de Montpellier it was a condition that the
firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on
his death. She was married to Barral de Marseille in 1192 or shortly before, but was widowed
in that year. Her second marriage, in 1197, was to Bernard IV of Comminges,
and her father now insisted on her giving up her right to inherit Montpellier.
She had two daughters by her second husband, Mathilde and Petronille. The marriage was,
however, notoriously polygamous as he had two other living wives. The marriage
was annulled and she was once more heir to Montpellier. Her father had
died in 1202 and her half-brother, Guillaume, had taken control of the city, but
she asserted her right
to it. On 15 June 1204 she married Pedro II pf Aragpm and was recognised as
Lady of Montpellier and their son, Juan, was born
on 1 February 1208. Her husband immediately attempted to divorce her, hoping both to
marry Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem, and to claim Montpellier for
himself. Her last years were spent in combating these political and
matrimonial manoeuvres. Pope Innocent III finally decided in her favour,
refusing to permit the divorce. Both spouces died in 1213 and their son
inherited Aragon and Montpellier. She lived (1182-1213). |
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1205-44 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Constantinople of
Flanders, Hainault and Namur (Belgium and France) |
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Also known as Johanna, she was the oldest daughter of Emperor
BoudewijnIX of Constantinople. After the death of her parents she, and her
sister, Marguerite, were raised by king Philippe Auguste of France and
was married off to Ferrand of Portugal, who participated in the
coalition against the king, and held as prisoner 1214-26. During this
difficult period, she was advised by her mother-in-law and managed to
secure her inheritance faced with the opposition of the nobility and
cities. After she managed to obtain the liberation of her husband in
1226, she lived a couple of years in relative tranquillity and founded
numerous charitable and religious institutions. After Ferrand's death
in 1233, she married Thomas de Savoie. Her only daughter, Marie, died
as an as an infant and she was succeeded by sister, Marguerite, and
lived (1188/1200-44). |
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1205-13 Queen Maria I de Monferrato of Jerusalem (Israel) |
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Alternative versions of her name is
Maria La Marquise or Maria of Monferrato, she succeeded
to throne of Jerusalem aged 13. The regent was John of Ibelin, Lord of
Beirut (her mother Isabella's half-brother). When Maria came of age at
the age of 17 in 1208, she assumed the throne in her own right. The
nobles of Outremer decided though that she was rather young and a man
should rule the Jerusalem and so the search went out for a suitable
husband for this young woman. In 1210 she married Jean de Brienne.
Maria gave birth to a daughter, Isabella/Yolanda in 1212 and died
shortly after and her husband, Jean de Brienne, became regent for
their daughter until 1225. She lived (1192-1212). |
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From 1205 Regent Princess Burgundia of Cyprus |
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After the death of her father, Amalric I of Cyprus-Jerusalem she was
held the regency together with husband Gautier de
Montfaucon-Montbeliard, during the minority of her brother, Hugh or
Hugo, who came of age in 1205. Their half-sister, Maria, became Queen
of Jerusalem after the realm was divided. Burgundia or Bourgogne lived
(circa 1176-after 1205) |
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1205-12 Sovereign Countess Elisabeth de Luxembourg of Saint-Pôl
(France) |
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Daughter of Hugues IV Camp d'Avesnes (d. 1205), and married
Gaucher III, seigneur de Châtillon, de Troissy, de Montjay, de Crécy
and de Pierrefons (d. 1219). Succeeded by son, Gui I, who married
Agnès, Countess of Nevers and Auxerre.
She lived
(1179-1263). |
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1205-30 Reigning Abbess-General Sancha García
of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
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The
"Monastieum Cisterciense" records the stern inhibition that Innocent
III, in 1220, placed upon Cistercian Abbesses of Burgos and Palencia
in Spain, "who blessed their religious, heard the confession of their
sins, and when reading the Gospel, presumed publicly to preach." |
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1205-07 Countess-Abbess Richenza von Büren of Gernrode
(Germany) |
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Also known as Rikinza. Around 1200 the community drew up a
manuscript listing all its rights of ownership, dependencies, and
holdings. According to this manuscript 24 entire villages, 21
churches, and nearly 400 hides of land belonged to the communities of
Gernrode and Frose. Although the manuscript is a forgery (it purports
to be a document issued by Margrave Gero in 964), it was accepted and
strengthened by Pope Innocent III and was accepted as the truth
thereafter. |
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Circa
1205-circa 10 Dame Abbesse Haduidis II of Remiremont (France) |
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The
noble ladies of the chapter were member of the noble families of
Lorraine, Franché-Comte and Germany and many of them did not take up
permanent residence in the city, but lived of the income they derived
from the territory. |
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1207-57 Sovereign Countess Mahaut I de Courtenay of
Nevers, d'Auxerre and Tonnerre (France) |
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Also known as Mathilde, she was daughter of Comtesse Agnès and Pierre
de Courtenay Count of Namur 1212, Emperor of Constantinople 1217, she
married Hervé IV de Donzy, Seigneur de Donzy and Guy IV, Count de
Forez. She liberated the serfs and was known as a very able
administrator of her fiefs. |
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1207-21 Countess-Abbess Adelheid II von Büren of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
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At
the height of their wealth, the communities of Frose and Gernrode held
approximately 11.000 hectares, comprising woodland, vineyards,
fishponds, and grazing. A dispute with the stewards of the chapter was
settled by the Bishop Freiderich von Halberstadt in 1220. She (d.
1221) |
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1207-08
Reigning Abbess Marie I de Champagne (de
Bourgogne) of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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The
prosperity of the abbey continued under her reign, but by the end of
the twelfth century, owing to the state of the country and the English
wars, the nuns were reduced to gaining their livelihood by manual
work. The situation was aggravated by internal dissensions, which
lasted a hundred years. |
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1208-09
Reigning Abbess Ala/Alix de Bourbon
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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The
chapter was founded in 1101, and was unique in the way that the
community was placed directly under the Pope and the King of France. A
Prior under the control of the Abbess commanded the monks in the
dabble-convent. |
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1208/1214
Sovereign
Baroness
Eudocia Angelos of Argos and Naupila (Greece)
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Succeeded by Theodore Angelos-Comnenos. They were members of the
Byzantine Imperial Dynasty of Angelos. |
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1208-14 Regent Dowager Countess Elvira of Urgell (Spain) |
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Reigned in the name of her daughter. Aurembaix, jointly with Pedro I
el Catolico of Aragon. |
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1208-19 and 1228-31 Sovereign Countess Aurembiaix de Castellbò
i Caboët of Urgell (Spain) |
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Also known as Ermessende or Ermessanda, she was daughter of Ermengol
VIII (1184-1208/9). She was deposed in 1214 by Guerau I de Urgell.
1228 Aurembiaix began her second reign, from 1229 together with
husband Pierre I de Bourgogne. She had no children and the country was
incorporated in Cataluña-Aragón. |
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1208-20 Princess Ahmadilidyn of the Ahmadil Dynasty in Maragha
(Iran) |
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In
1029 the City of Maragheh on the southern slopes of Mount Sahand in
North Western Iran (East Azerbaijan Province) was seized by the Oghuz
Turks, but a Kurdish chief who established a local dynasty drove them
out. The Mongols destroyed the city in 1221, but Hulagu Khan held
court there until the establishment of a fixed capital at Tabriz.
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From 1209 Sovereign Countess
Gersende I d'Urgel
of Forcalquier (France) |
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Succeeded her father, Guillaume IV d'Urgel and married to Reiner de Sabran, seigneur de Caylar, and succeeded by daughter
at a not known date. |
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1209-19 Regent Dowager Countess Gersende de Sabran of
Provence (France)
Until 1242
Sovereign Countess
of Forcalquier (Gersende II) |
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The widow of
Alphonse II, comte de Provence,
she
was regent for Ramón Berenguer IV together with King Pedro of Aragón
(1209-13), Count Sancho de Bouillon (1213-16) and Nuño Sánchez. At a
not known date, she succeeded her mother,
Gersende I, as Countess of Forcalquier. She lived (1180-1242). |
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1209-18
Reigning Abbess Alix de Champagne
of
the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Apparently daughter of Count Henri I de Champagne et de Brie and Marie
of France, the daughter of King Louis VII of France. |
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1210's-1221 Reigning Lala Khatun of Bamiyan (Afghanistan) |
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Today Bamiyan is a town in North-central Afghanistan's
Hazarijat province. It is an ancient caravan centre on the route
across the Hindu Kush between India and Central Asia, but was sacked
by Genghis Khan in 1221 and never regained its former prominence.
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121?-18 Ruler Salbak Turhan of Uiguristan (Kazakstan) |
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The
Qara-Khitai Empire with Samarkand as its capital covering present
day's Mongolia, Northern-China, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian
Territories. In 1210 the Qara-Khitai Empire lost Transoxiana to the
Khwarazim Shahdom, previously a vassal. The empire ended in 1218, when
it was annexed by the Mongol Empire of Chingiz Khan. |
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Circa
1211-31 Reigning Abbess Marguerite I of Remiremont (France) |
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The chapter was the most illustrious monastery in whole of Europe. It was
founded ca 620 and transferred to its present location in 818. The act of 1070
whereby the abbey became directly dependent of the emperor is probably a
falsification - it was probably much earlier that this statute was achieved.
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1211/12-25
Hereditary Countess Gertrud von Egisheim-Dagsburg of Egisheim,
Dagsburg, Metz and Moha (Germany) |
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Only daughter
and sole heiress of Count Albrecht II von Egisheim-Dagsburg and
Gertrud von Baden.
After the death of her first husband, Thibaut I of Upper-Lorraine in
1220, she married the son of Countess Blance de Champagne -the later
Count Thibaut IV - and after their divorce in 1222 she married Count
Simon of Saarbrücken-Leiningen, Count of Dagsburg, who inherited her
fiefs after her death in 1225. She had no children and lived
(1205-25). |
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1212-28 Queen Isabella II de Brienne of Jerusalem (Israel) |
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Also known as Yolande, she succeeded her mother, Queen Maria La
Marquise (1205-12), though her father, and Jean de Brienne (1210-25)
continued to rule as regent. On the way to Italy to marry Emperor
Friedrich II Hohenstaufen in 1225 she made a stop in Cyprus to se
her aunt, Queen-regent Alice. She ruled jointly with husband,
Friedrich Barbarossa of Germany, son of Queen Constanza of Sicilia,
whose first wife, Constance of Aragon, had been regent of Sicily
1212-20. Isabella
died six days after giving birth to a son, Conradin. In
1244 the Osman Turks conquered the state, and the capital of the
Kingdom moved to Acre. She lived (1212-28). |
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1212-17 Sovereign Margravine Yolanda de Flanders of Namur
(Belgium)
1216-19 Empress of Constantinople |
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Also known as Violante or Jolanta. After her brother, Emperor Henri's
death in June 1216 the Barons of the Empire offered her and her
husband Pierre, the crown, and they both accepted. In 1217 they left
for Constantinople, and she seeded the marquisate to her oldest son.
They were crowned in Rome by Pope Honrius III, and continued their
journey, Pierre over land and were taken prisoner; she was pregnant
and travelled by sea. In Morea she married her daughter Anges off to
Gottfried II, the future Prince of Achaia. In Constantinople she gave
birth to the heir to the throne, Baudouin II. (1228-1261), and took
over the regency. Just before her death she married her daughter Maria
to Emperor Theodor I. Laskaris of Nikæa. She was mother of 9 children
and daughter of Count Baudouin V of Flanders and Hainault and lived
(circa 1175-1219). |
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1212-25 Sovereign Countess
Gertrude of Metz (France) |
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Succeeded father, Albert, and
first married to Thiébaud I, duc de Lorraine,
secondly to Thibaut IV, comte de Champagne until the marraige was
annulled in 1222, and thirdly to Simon de Sarrebruck. After her death
the County became an episcopal domaine. |
|
|
1212-43
Reigning Abbess
Hersende of Jouarre (France) |
|
Also known as Hermensende or Hermengade. She engaged in an offensive against the
Bishop of Meaux and 1225 the Abbey was granted episcopal exemption for 450 years
and thus came under the immediate jurisdiction of the Pope. |
|
|
1213-25
Sovereign Countess
Agnès II de Donzy of Tonnerre (France) |
|
She
and her husband was given the County after their marriage. After her
death her stepfather, Guigues de Forez took over the county until his
death 1241 and was succeeded by her son, Gaucher. Her mother Mathilde
de Courtenay, Countes of Tonnerre, Nevers and Auxerre died 1241. Agnès
lived (circa 1205-25). |
|
|
1213-16 Reigning Abbess Reichzca V of Niedermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Her
background is not known. |
|
 |
1214 (†) Regent Dowager Queen Leonor de Plantagenet of Castilla
(Spain) |
|
Co-Regent for Enrique I (1214-17) and her daughter, Princess
Berenguela became regent after her death. She was daughter of Duchess
Leonora of Aquitaine and King Henry II of England.
(d. 1214). |
|
 |
1214-15
Regent Princess Berenguela of Castilla (Spain)
1217
Queen Regnant of Asturias-León and Castilla
1217-19
Regent
1230 Regent in León |
|
First she governed in the name of her brother Enrique I
(1204-14-15-17). Later she divorced - under Pope Innocent III's orders
- from her second-degree cousin King Alfonso IX de Leon (King of Leon
1188 -1230). When her brother died in 1217, she renounced her rights
in favour of her son, Fernando II de Castilla, and she acted as his
regent, according to the Cronica
Latina, her "total intent and desire being to procure honor for her
son in every way possible". She helped quell the rebellious nobles,
and then arranged for Fernando to marry a high-born wife, Elisabeth of
Swabia. She often found herself politically at odds with her former
husband. Alfonso had two daughters, Sancha and Dulce, by an earlier
wife, and wished to disinherit her children in favour of these
daughters. To this end, he invited Jean de Brienne to marry his eldest
daughter and thus inherit his kingdom. She sabotaged this plan by
convincing Jean to marry her own daughter, also named Berenguela,
instead. Later, in 1230 when Alfonso died, she and her son Fernando
acted to set aside the rights of the older daughters, and seized the
Leonese throne. She
maintained close connections with her sister, Queen Blanche of France,
and
lived (1180-1246). |
|
|
1214-32 Judicca Benedetta of
Cagliari (in Sardinia) and Marchessa de Massa (Italy) |
|
Consecrated
as "ruling judge" in 1214 by Riccus, Archbishop of Cagliari, in the presence of the higher clergy and the grandees. She swore an oath not to diminish the territory of the giudicato, nor to alienate its castles, nor to
make foreign alliances without their consent. Soon after she married Barisone III of Arborea, who was imprisoned by her father. He took the dynastic name "Torchitorio V" and they ruled their two giudicati jointly, each being cited in the acts of the other in their own giudicato.
She favoured natives for positions in her government over Pisans and the economic benefits of Sardinian over the Republic of Pisa. In 1215 Lambert Visconti, judge of Gallura, landed a large army near Cagliari and took the dominating hilltop of S. Gilla, fortifying it. She was
subsequently forced to flee her capital for the interior and in 1217, Lamberto's brother, Ubaldo I Visconti, forced her to accept terms surrendering Cagliari. She received the giudicato back as fief from the consul of Pisa. However, violence between Sardinians and Pisans
escalated in Cagliari and she and her husband made an alliance with Comita III of Torres and the Republic of Genoa in hopes of expelling the Pisans. They found support in Pope Honorius III. After her husband died in 1218, she was forced to marry Lamberto, but the pope immediately
pronounced his annulment. In 1224 she renewed the oath of homage to the Holy See to Goffredo, the papal legate. Two years later war began again with Ubaldo, and she married twice more, both times without papal permission. Her third husband was Enrico di Ceola, a Pisan of the
Capraia family who soon gained papal favour. Her fourth husband was Rinaldo de Glandis and their marriage was declared valid. Nevertheless, violence in Cagliari forced her to move to the castle of Santa Igia and then to Massa, her ancestral home. After her death Pope Gregory IX
had given Massa and Potenzolo to Ugo di Procaria, while Cagliari was divided between the Visconti, Capraia, and Donoratico, Pisan families. Her heir was Guglielmo succeeded under the regency of her sister, Agnes and her husband, Marianus of Torres, held the regency.
She was the daughter Guglielmo I of Cagliari and Adelasia, and lived (circa 1194-1232/1233). |
|
 |
1214-circa 60 Sovereign Countess Mahaut II of Dammartin and
Boulogne (France) |
|
Also known as Mathilde, she succeeded mother, Countess Ide, who ruled
(1173-1214), the daughter of Countess Marie (1159-69) who
again was daughter of Countess Mahaut I (circa 1125-51). Mahaut was
married to Count Philippe Hurepel de Clermont-en-Beauvais, Mortain,
Aumale, Dammartin et Boulogne (the latter by the right of his wife)
(son of King Philippe II Augusta of France) and in 1238 to King
Alfonso III of Portugal (1210-79), who divorced her in 1253. Her son
and daughter apparently died before her and the succession was settled
with a relative, Adélaïde de
Brabant. Mahaut
lived (1190/95-circa 1260). |
|
|
1215-42 Sovereign Dame Mahaut I of Bourbon (France)
|
|
Heir of Archambaud V (1116-71),
she first married Gautier de Vienne,
who ruled Bourbon (1171-1215), after his death she married Gui II de Dampierre and had
two daughters, Mahaut II de Dampierre and Agnes. She was succeeded by
Archambaud VII upon her death in 1242. |
|
|
1215-19
Regent
Dowager Margravine Adelasia di Monferrato of Saluzzo (Italy) |
|
Azalaïs or Adelasia was regent for granson Manfredo III after the death of her husband, Manfredo II as her son, Bonifacio had predeceased his father. Upon her marriage in 1182 she had received lands in Saluzzo,
Racconigi, Villa, Centallo and Quaranta. She was a a great patron of troubadours. 1216 she made a treaty with Thomas I of Savoia for a marriage between his son Amadeus and her grand-daughter Agnes. She had to pay tribute on behalf of her grandson, and for the next century the
margravate was a vassal of Savoy. When her grandson took over the government, she retunred to church patronage and made many big grants. (d. 1232). |
|
|
1216-.. Sovereign Countess Jezebel of Karystos
(Greece)
1217-.. Sovereign Countess of The First Triarchy of Euboea |
|
Also known as Isabelle.
Under the division of Eubœa
established in 1217 by Venice following the death of her husband, Ravano dalle
Carceri, she
acquired ½ of the southern barony with the town of Karystos, the other ½ being
assigned to her daughter.
The
County was an important port on the southernmost tip of the island of
Euboea, facing the island of Andros, in the Cyclades. |
|
|
1216-40 Sovereign Countess Berta dalle Carceri of Karystos
(Greece)
1217-40 Sovereign Countess Felicia dalle Carceri of The First
Triarchy of Euboea |
|
After the death of her father, Ravano, she
shared the Barony with her mother, Isabelle.
Euboea, the
second largest island of Greece was divided into three parts, three Triarchies each reigned by counts.
|
|
|
1216-37 Princess-Abbess Adelheid von Wildenberg of Essen
(Germany) |
|
Her
regency was a black period of the territory. Count Friedrich von
Isenberg had inherited the Marshallty, but exploited the abbey
totally, and Adelheid had to ask Archbishop Engelbert of Köln for
help, and the dispute over the abbey that led to Engelbert’s murder by
Friedrich in 1225. |
|
|
1216-?
Reigning Abbess Gertrud I of Obermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
|
The
Abbey was founded ca 833 and in 1219 the reichsunmittelbaren convent
came under direct Papal protection. As
Imperial immediacy the territory was was
under the direct authority of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Imperial
Diet, without any intermediary Liege lord and therefore had the right
to collect taxes and tolls and held juridical rights. |
|
|
1216-18 Reigning Abbess Tutta of Niedermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
|
Her
background is not known. |
|
 |
1216-18 Hereditary Sheriff Lady Nicola de la Hay of
Lincolnshire and Constable of Lincoln Castle (United Kingdom) |
|
Succeeded father together with Phillip Mar of Nottingham. She defended her territory
against attacking forces during the rebellion against King John. She was married
to Gerad de Camville and lived (circa 1160-ca.1218). |
|
 |
1217-34 Reigning Abbess Gertrud II zur Lippe of Herford
(Germany) |
|
Daughter of count Bernhard II zur Lippe, who resigned in 1196 to
become Abbot and then Bishop of Semgallen. Her mother was Heilwig von
Are-Hostaden, and resigned from her post in 1234. Her next known
successor, Ida, became abbess in 1238.
(d. ca 1245). |
|
|
1217-43 Joint Reigning Lady
Sancha de Léon y Portugal of the villages of Portela de San Juan,
Burgo de Ribadavia and Allariz
1224-30 Co-Heiress
of Leon
1230 Joint De Jure Queen
of Leon (Spain) |
|
She was daughter of
King Alofonso IV and Teresa of Portugal, whose marriage was annuled in
1195 whereafter she was raised at the court of her father, where her
sister, Dulce was raised in Portugal. When their stepmother,
Berengeria, abdicated as Queen of Castille in favour of their
half-brother, their father attempted to have her and her sister
proclaimed co-heiresses, and named them officially so in 1224, but
when he died in 1230, the people of Leon refused to recognise them and
they in turn ceded their rights to the kingdom to their half-brother.
This agreement, negotiated at Valencia de Don Juan by Berengaria and
Theresa, with Sancha and Dulce present, is known as the "pact of the
mothers". The treaty was signed Benavente and in compensation
Ferdinand promised a yearly stipend of 30.000 maravedíes to each of
his half-sisters and the lordship of certain castles, but she resigned
to the Monastary of San Guillermo Villabuena. She lived (circa
1192-1243) |
|
|
1217-48 Joint Reigning Lady
Dulce of León y Portugal of the villages of Portela de San Juan, Burgo
de Ribadavia and Allariz
1224-30 Co-Heiress
of Leon
1230 Joint De Jure Queen
of Leon (Spain) |
|
After ceeding the rights to the kingdom of Leon, like her
sister, she resigned to the Monastary of San Guillermo Villabuena in
León. She lived (circa 1194—1248) |
|
|
1218-30 Sovereign Countess Marguerite de Champagne-Blois of
Blois and Châteaudun (France) |
|
Together with sister, Isabelle, she succeeded the son of their
brother, Thibaud VI, Her first husband, Hugo III, Seigneur d'Oisy,
Vicomte von Cambrai died in 1189, and three years later she married
Otto I. von Hohenstaufen Pfalzgraf von Burgundy (1166/73-1200). Two
years after his death she married Walter II d’Avesnes, Seigneur
de Guise et Condé (d. 1243/46). She was succeeded by daughter Marie
d'Avesnes Countess de Blois, Dame d’Avesnes and de Guise (circa
1203-30-41). Marguerite lived (1164-1230). |
|
|
1218-48 Sovereign Countess Isabelle de Champagne-Blois of
Chartres and Romorantin (France) |
|
Succeeded her nephew together with her sister, Marguerite. She was
first married to Sulpice d'Amboise and secondly to Jean de Montmirail,
Vicomte Cambrai.
(d. 1248). |
|
|
1218-23 Sovereign Countess Petronille of Bar-sur-Seine
(France) |
|
Her
father, Milon II, count of Bar-sur-Seine, died in 1191, She was his
only child, and was married to Hugues du Puiset, Vicomte de Chartres. |
|
 |
1218-28 Regent Dowager Queen Alice de Champagne of Cyprus
1243-46 (†) Regent of Jerusalem |
|
The
daughter of Queen Isabella of Jerusalem and her second husband Henri
de Champagne, she married Hugues of Cyprus in 1208. He took over the
reigns in Cyprus in 1210/11 from his sister Burgundia. After his
sudden death at Tripoli in 1218, Alice acted as regent for her
8-month-old son Henri in Cyprus. In 1223 she married Bohemond V of
Antiochia. In Jerusalem, Friedrich II, Holy Roman Emperor was
recognized as suzerain but not regent of Cyprus in 1228, because of
his marriage to Queen Yolanda. When she died, Alice travelled to Acre
to put forward her claim to Crown of Jerusalem - without success.
After she and Bohemond divorced because they were too closely related
(third cousins), she married Ralph, Count of Soissons. As she was the
great-aunt of King Conrad of Germany - who had failed to come East to
accept throne - Alice was entrusted with regency of Jerusalem in 1243.
After her death the regency passed to her son and heir, Henri, King of
Cyprus. She lived (circa 1193-1246). |
|
 |
1218 Regent the Dowager Sultana of the Seljuks in Aleppo
(Syria) |
|
Widow of Al-Zahir and was regent for their son al-Aziz as ruler of
one of the Seljuk Principalities that developed n Syria, Asia Minor
and Kerman as the Seljuk Empire declined after 1091. Her troops was
involved in the fight against the Christian crusaders and Frankish
principalities in the area. |
|
|
1218 Regent Duchess Alice de Vergy of Bourgogne (France) |
|
After the death of her husband, Eudes III, she was regent for Hugues VI, Duke of Burgundy,
Count of Chalon, Titular King of Thessalonica etc. Eudes III was first
married to Countess Teresa of Portugal (1157-1218) until their divorce
in 1195). Eudes and Alice had four children. |
|
|
1218-48 Hereditary Countess Irmgard of Berg and Kleve (Germany) |
|
Daughter of Adolf V and Bertha von Sayn. After her father's death
Archbishop Engelbert II of Köln took over as regent. In 1217 she
married Count Heinrich von Luxembourg-Limburg and they clamed the
county in 1225, and her they were recognized as her father's rightful
successors, something that curtailed the power of the bishop. She
lived (circa 1200-48). |
|
|
1218-24 Reigning Abbess Heilika V von Wittelsbach of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of the Ducal family of Bavaria. Another version of her name is
Heylca. |
|
|
1218-28
Reigning Abbess
Berthe
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud
(France) |
|
The
chapter was unique in the way that the community was placed directly
under the Pope and the King of France. The monks in the dabble-convent
were commanded by a Prior under the control of the Abbess.
|
|
|
1218 Politically Infuential
Queen Sassouma Bassé of Mande (Mali) |
|
When her son, Dankaran Touman, was placed on the
throne of Mande after the death of his father, King Niani, they
forced his younger brother, Suadjata and his mother, Sogolon Kédjou
into exile, but they were deposed by King Soumaroro of Sosso (in
Ghana) soon after. Suadjata became the first emperor of the Mali
Empire as Mari Djata I in 1234 uniting the 12 Kingdoms.
|
|
|
1219-20 Sovereign Countess Alice of Alençon (France) |
|
Succeeded Robert IV and in the period 1220-68 the county was ruled by
the kings of France. |
|
 |
1219-52 Queen Regnant Zabel I of Lesser Armenia (Cilicia)
(Turkey/Syria) |
|
Also known as Isabella, her father, Leo II had promised his nephew
Raimond-Ruben de Antiochia, the succession to the throne, but at his
death-bed he her, as his heir. Her older sister, Stephanie, or her
husband, Jean de Brienne, claimed the title for her and their young
son, but they died shortly after. And the Armenian nobles followed the
wish of Leo II, and paid homage to her as their Queen, under various male
regents. She later
ruled together with her two husbands Phillip 1222-25 (he was poisoned)
and Heton I (1226-1269). Armenia Minor established very close ties
with the Crusader States. It was still threatened by Byzantium,
however, and appears to have come under Byzantine over-lordship for
short periods. Her mother was Sibylla de Lusignan of Cyprus-Jerusalem;
she was mother of two sons and two daughters, and lived (circa 1212-52). |
|
|
1219 Pretender Stephanie of Lesser Armenia (Turkey/Syria)
|
|
Claimed the throne together with her
husband, King Jean de Brienne of Jerusalem from her younger sister,
Zabel, who had been proclaimed heir by their father on his deathbed.
Jean made preparations to attack Cilicia but she died shortly after,
apparently after being battered by himself after she had tried to
poison his daughter by his first wife. Their son also died shortly
after. (d. 1219). |
|
|
1219-21 Regent and Guardian Dowager Duchess Ingardis af Danmark
of Pommern-Demmin (Poland) |
|
After the death of her husband Kasimir II (circa 1180-1219), she became
regent for her son Wartislaw III. She cooperated closely with her
sister-in-law, Miroslawa who took over in Slawien the following year.
With two minor Dukes, the future of the Principalities of Pommern was
very insecure, but both Princesses managed to fend off claims to the
Duchies from Brandenburg and maintain the independence of the
Principalities. Both relied heavily on support from Denmark, but when
Count Heinrich von Schwerin attacked the area in 1223, she was unable
to support her brother King Valdemar II the Victorious Her son called
himself "the issue of the blood of the Daneking” at his seal, as she
was the daughter of Knud III of Denmark (1128-46-79). Her
sister, Hildegard, was married to the Wendian duke Jarimar of Rügen.
Originally known as Ingegerd, she (d. 1236). |
|
|
1220-33 (†) Regent and Guardian Dowager Duchess Miroslawa of
Pomerelia of Pommern-Slawien (At the time part of Germany, now Poland) |
|
Following the death of her husband, Bogislaw II. (circa 1178-871220), she
took over the regency for her son, Barnim I. (1219-20-78). The year
before her sister-in-law had taken over the regency in Demmin and both
princesses continued the friendly ties to Denmark, and at a Landtag at
Ückermünde that Miroslawa and Barnim I. called in 1223 representatives
of the Danish King participated. But in spite of this the don't seem
to have done anything to help Valdemar II as he was attacked by Count
Heinrich von Schwerin later in 1223 at the island of Lyø and
imprisoned in Germany together with his sons. He only freed in 1225
after having given up his Wendian possessions, except Rügen, though he
fought a war to get his North German possessions back, that ended with
his defeat in 1227. She was Daughter of Mestwin I of Pomerelia and
Swinislawa of Poland, and (d. 1233). |
|
|
1220-90 Politically Influential Princess Witosława of Pommern-Gdansk
(Pomorze Gdańskie) (At the time part of Germany, now Poland) |
|
An
excellent diplomat and political advisor of her brother, Prince
Świętopełk II Wielki (the Great). She was Abbes of a
Norbertine (Premonstratensian) nunnery
in Żuków, and lived (1205-1290). |
|
|
1220-55 Sovereign Princess Carintana dalle Carceri of Oreos
(Greece Island-State) |
|
Succeeded father, the Terzieri or "three-part lord" Rizzardo dalle
Carceri, and married to Guillaume Villehardouin, and since they did
not have any children, he claimed as inheritance after her death the
1/3 or the Lordship, in dispute with some of her relatives. |
|
|
1220-25/25 Regent Dowager Princess Mathilde von Landsberg von
der Lausitz of Brandenburg (Germany) |
|
Widow of Albrecht II (1205-20) and regent for Johann I
(1208/13-20-65).
She (d. 1255). |
|
|
1221-50 Sovereign Countess Marie of Ponthieu (France) |
|
Daughter of Comtesse Alix du Vexin (reigned 1197-after 1200), she
succeeded her father Guillaume II and reigned jointly with her
husbands; Count Simon de Dammartin d'Aumale and Mathieu de Montmorency
(probably d. 1249). Succeeded by daughter Jeanne de Dammartin. |
|
 |
1221-30 Regent Dowager Margravine Jutta von Thüringen of
Meissen (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Markgraf Dietrich von Meißen, she
reigned in the name of her 5-year-old son, Heinrich, jointly with her
brother, Landgrave Landgraf Ludwig IV von Thüringen who tried to
incorporate the Margravate in his territories, but she fought back. In
1223 she married Count Poppo VII von Henneberg and together they
fought off her brother. She was daughter of Landgave Heinrich I, Count
Palatine of Sachsen and Heiress Presumptive (Eventualerbin) to
Thüringen and Sachsen, and her son eventually became Landgave and
Count Palatine of the two territories in 1247. She was mother of 5
children by her first husband and 3 by her second, and lived (circa
1183-1235). |
|
|
1221-44 Countess-Abbess Sophia zu Anhalt of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
|
Daughter of Bernhard, Count of Anhalt (1170-1212) and Duke of
Sachsen (1180-1212) and Jutta von Poland, the daughter of Duke Mieszko
III of Gnesen. |
|
 |
1223-47 Queen Regnant Rusudani of Georgia, by the will of
our Lord, Queen of Queen of Kings and Queens of the Abkhazis,
Kartvelians, Ranians, Kakhetians and the Armenians, Shirvanshah and
Shahanshah and Master of all the East and West, Glory of the
World, Kingdom and Faith, Champion of the Messiah |
|
Also known as Rusudan, she was
daughter of Queen Tamar (1178-1213) she succeeded her brother, Giorgi
IV Lasha. She was leader of the nation in a period when it was
attacked by Mongol tribes and disintegrated into numerous petty
principalities. Retreated to Kutaisi when Tiflis was besieged by Jalal
ud-din Shah of Khwarazmia, and captured by the latter, 9th
March 1226. Forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in
1242, an annual tribute of 50.000 gold pieces. In 1224 she married
Muhammad Mughis ud-din Turkan Shah of Erzerum, who embraced
Christianity on his marriage. Her son, Davit VI Narin, succeeded her
as King of Georgia - Imerati. Her daughter, Princess Thamar, married
her cousin, Sultan Muhammad Ghias ud-din Kaikhushru II of Konia. She lived
(1195-1247). |
|
|
1223-52 Countess Abbess Berta II of Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
Even though Duke Otto von Braunschweig had promised not to build a
castle that would damage the interests of the chapter, he build a
"house" in 1232. She was member of a noble family from Hessen. |
|
|
1224-25 Empress Regnant Lý Chien Hoang of Viet Nam |
|
Her
father Ly Hue Tong abdicated in her favour. Tran Thu Do, now a lover
of her mother, Queen Tran Thi, arranged a marriage between Chien
Hoang and his 7-year-old nephew, who became founding emperor Tran Thai
Tong of the new Tran Dynasty in 1225. Tran Thu Do then had the rest of
the Ly family - including her father - killed. In 1236, Thu Do forced
the young emperor to abandon his wife, who was childless, in favour of
her older sister, who was already married to another member of the
Tran family and already pregnant. In protest Tran Thai Tong, a fervent
Buddhist fled the capital and sought refugee at a Thien Buddhist
monastery on nearby Mount Yen Tu, after which he was deposed by Thu
Do. |
|
|
1224-30 Princess-Abbess Bertradis I von Krosigk of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
|
Daughter of Count Dedo II von Krosigk and Adelheid. |
|
|
1224-29 Reigning Abbess Frideruna von Falkenstein of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Also known as
Fritaun. The
first of Lord of Falkenstein was mentioned in 1120. The family died
out in 1334 and the castle of Falkenstein in Harz was inherited by the
Lords of Asseburg. |
|
|
1224-39 Titular Countess Alix de Mâçon of Mâçon and
Vienne (France) |
|
The County was
occupied by the time she succeeded her father, Géraud II,
who only held the county for a few months, and when her husband, Jean
de Dreux, died, she sold the Counties to the French Crown. (d. 1260). |
|
 |
1225-32 Politically Influential Dowager Empress Yang Gongshu
Renlie of China |
|
Had
earlier plotted to be named Empress, and when her husband, Emperor Ningzong died, she helped Prince Yun to be installed as Emperor Lizong,
and he invited her to take part in the deliberations of government
behind the lowered screen, and worked closely with the Chief
Councilor, Shi until her death. She was an active patron of the arts
and it has been established that she is the same person as Yang Meizi,
author of many poetic inscriptions that accompany paintings by
Southern Song court artists. She lived (1161-1232). |
|
 |
1226-36 Regent Dowager Queen Blanche de Castilla of
France
1240-52 Sovereign Countess of Valois
1248-52 (†) Regent of France |
|
When her husband, King Louis, invaded England after the death of her cousin,
King
John, to claim the crown in her right, only to find a united nation
against him, she established herself at Calais and organized two
fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the Monk, and an army
under Robert of Courtenay; but all her resolution and energy were in
vain. Although it would seem that her masterful temper exercised a
sensible influence upon her husband's gentler character, her role
during his reign (1223-1226) is not well known. He left her as regent
and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six
had died, and King Louis IX was only 12 years old. The situation was
critical, for the hard-won domains of the house of Capet seemed likely
to fall to pieces during a minority. She had to bear the whole burden
of affairs alone, to break up a league of the barons (1226), and to
repel the attack of the king of England (1230). But her energy and
firmness overcame all dangers. She remained influential after her son
took over the government in 1236. In 1248 she again became regent,
during his absence on the crusade, a project that she had
strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed, she maintained
peace, while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the
East. She was the 3rd daughter of Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and
of Eleanor of England, daughter of Henry II, and lived (1187-1252). |
|
|
1226 Sovereign Duchess Sophia of Limbourg (Belgium)
|
|
Married to Friedrich Graf de Altena-Isenburg, succeeded by son
Dietrich I von Hinesburg-Limburg. |
|
|
1226-73 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de War of Chin (Luxembourg)
|
|
Together with husband Arnold IV von Loose, she succeeded father, Louis
IV. In 1270 her husband died and after her death their son became
Arnold IV and VII of Loose and Chin. (d. 1273). |
|
 |
1227-28, 1228-30 and 1232 Regent Dowager Princess Grzymislava
von Luck of Poland Minor (Małopolska) and Krakow (Poland)
1234-43 Co-Ruler |
|
Also konwn as Gremislawa von Luzk, she was frst regent and then co-ruler with son Coleslaw V, after the death of
her husband, prince Lessen Bialy of Małopolska. She lived (1190-1258).
|
|
 |
1227 Regent Landgravine Elisabeth of Hungary of Thüringen
(Germany)
1227-31 Reigning Dowager Lady of Marburg and Wehrda |
|
In charge of the government as her husband, Ludwig IV the Holy of Thuringa, went off on a crusade, but he died on his way to Israel.
After his death she refused to take over the regency and left it to
her brother-in-law, and instead dedicated herself to the care of the
poor and sick and was later declared a saint.
She lived
(1207-31). |
|
|
1227-71 Sovereign Countess Johanna of Chiny (Belgium) |
|
From
1228 she ruled jointly with Arnold III, Count of Loon
1220-1272/3.
She (d.
1271). |
|
|
1228-(37) Regent Dowager Empress Maria de Courtenay of
Constantinople (Turkey) |
|
Reigned for Baudouin II de Courtenay, who succeeded his brother,
Robert. She reigned together with co-regents. The Empire of
Constantinople was mainly based around the ancient city of Byzantine
and parts of Greece, but the City of Constantinople is now known as
Istanbul. |
|
|
1228-32 Sovereign Duchess Guillemots de Neuchâtel of
Montpellier (France) |
|
Succeeded her great-grandfather Thierry III. |
|
|
1228-1254 Princess-Abbess Judith von Hagenbuch of Fraumünster,
Dame of Zürich (Switzerland) |
|
In
1234 she became the first abbess of the territory to receive the rank
of Princess of the Empire. |
|
|
1228-44
Reigning Abbess
Adèle de Bretagne
of the Royal Abbey
of Fontevraud (France) |
|
Also known as Alix, she was apparently a member of the Ducal family of Bretagne. |
|
|
1228-61
Reigning Abbess
Adelïde de Sotteghem of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere,
Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
|
Succeeded by Sara de Mernis. |
|
 |
1229-37 Sovereign Margravine Marguerite de Courtenay of Holland
of Namur (Belgium) |
|
Succeeded brother, Henri de Courtenay, who named her as his heir
before their brother, Emperor Baudouin II of Constantinople and their
older sister, Queen Yolande of Hungary - and therefore her succession
was met with opposition from different sides.
Married to Count
Henri de Vianden. |
|
|
1229-34 Regent Dowager Countess Margaretha van Brabant of
Gelderland and Zutphen (The Netherlands) |
|
Widow of Gerhard III, she was regent for son, Otto II the Lame. |
|
|
1229-39 Reigning Abbess Mathilde III von Henffenfeld of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Also known as Mechtild. |
|
|
1229-34
Politically Influential Queen Helena Pedersdotter
Strange of Sweden |
|
Also
known ass Helene or Elin, she used the same seal as her husband,
King Knut II Holmgersson Långe (1229-34) on official documents, a
curious fact which indicates that she may have exerted some
political influence. Her husband had been regent for the under-aged
king Erik XI of Sweden, and took the throne himself in 1229. After
his death she married nobleman Filip Lauresson. In 1247, she
witnessed her son from her first marriage rebel against the new
monarch; he failed, and was executed in 1248. Her second son was
executed in 1251, and the same year, her second husband died. She
was daughter of the Danish knight Peder Strangesson, and lived(ca
1200- ca 1255). |
|
 |
1230-31
Regent
Dowager Duchess Wiola
of Bulgaria
of Oppeln-Ratibor (Opole-Racibórz)
(Poland)
1233/34–38 Co-Regent |
|
After the death of her husband, Slesian Duke Kazimierz of
Racibórz-Opole (Oppeln),
she governed the Duchy for her sons Mieszko II and Wladislaw, from
1233/34 jointly with Henryk I Brodaty. (d. 1251). |
|
|
Around the 1230s Princess Regnant Partu Pattima of Ghazi-Ghumuq
(Russia) |
|
Managed to unite the Laks, a North Caucasian people which controlled
significant portions of what is now Daghestan, into a formidable army
and keep even the Mongol hordes at bay. The Laks being a warlike
people, they managed to repel attacks from such invaders as Batu Khan,
Timur Lenk, and Nadir Shah. She is regarded by modern Laks as "our
Joan of Arc", but the principality later became tributary to Golden
Horde and afterwards a Client Dynasty to the Mongols. |
|
|
1230-41 Sovereign Countess Marie d’Avesnes of Blois and
Chartres, Dame de Guise, d'Avesnes, Châteaurenault, Leuze,
Landrechies et Trelon (France)
|
|
Succeeded her mother, Marguerite, as Countess and her father as Dame de Guise.
She was married to Hugues I de Chatillon-sur-Marne, Count de Saint-Pôl,
and was succeeded by son, Jean I. She lived (circa 1203-41).
|
|
|
1230-65 Princess-Abbess Ode III van Lays of Nivelles, Dame
Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
|
Her
successor is not known. The abbess of Nivelles was Princess of the
Holy Roman Empire and Political Leader of the City of Nivelles. |
|
|
1230-31 Princess-Abbess Kunigunde von Kranichfeld und Kirchberg
of Quedlinburg (Germany) |
|
Daughter of Count Voldrad of Kranichfeld. |
|
|
1231-33
Princess-Abbess Osterlindis von Falkenstein of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
|
Also known as
Osterlinde, she was daughter of Otto I von Falkenbenstein. |
|
 |
1231-39 Dame Abbesse Agatha von Bitsch of Remiremont (France) |
|
She was also Abbess of L'Entanche, and daughter of Frederick I von Bitsch,
Duke von Ober-Lothringen, Lord of Lorraine, Bitsch, Gerbevilliers und
Ormes and Ludmilla of Poland (d. 1242). |
|
|
1231-38
Reigning
Abbess-General María
Pérez de Guzmán
of
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
Member of the family
of Lords and later Counts and Dukes of Medina Sidonia. |
|
|
1233-70 Princess-Abbess Gertrud von Ampfurth of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
|
Daughter of Noble Werner von Ampfurth (or Amfurt) |
|
|
Around 1233
Abbess Nullius
Audisia of the
Monestary of Brindisi (Italy) |
|
She held semi-episcopal powers. The privileges of the Chapter was confirmed by papal bulls 1099, 1119, 1124, 1159, 1191
and 1233. |
|
|
1233-35 17th Judicissa and Sovereign Princess Agnese of
Cagliari (in Sardinia)
1333-39 Margravine Regnant of Massa e Carrara
(Italy) |
|
After the death of her sister, Bernadetta, she took over as regent for her under-age nephew, Guiglermo II Salusio V of Arborea, who reigned until
1253, together with her husband, Marianus II of Logudoro. |
|
 |
1233-71 Sovereign Countess Lauretta of Saarbrücken-Linange
(Germany) |
|
Succeeded father, Simon III von Saarbrücken. She was first married to
Gottfried d'Asperemont and secondly to Count Dietrich I Luf von Kleve
and mother of a daughter and son who both died early, and therefore
she was succeeded by her sister Mathilde in 1271. |
|
|
1233-51 Sovereign Countess Ieliza Dandolo of Andros (Greece) |
|
Ruled jointly with husband, Jeremias Ghizi after the death of Marinus Dandolo. The County was incorporated into the Duchy of Naxos
until 1384. |
|
|
1234-52 Joint Sovereign Countess Jeanne of Boulogne,
Clermont and d'Aumale (France) |
|
Daughter of Countess Mahaut-Mathilde de Dammartin and Boulogne and
Philippe de France, Count de Clermont, Mortain, d'Aumale and Boulogne
et Dammartin. Her brother, Alberic, Count de Dammartin, Clermont et
d'Aumale, gave his lands to her and moved to England!
She lived
(1219-54). |
|
 |
1234-35
Regent Dowager Countess Machteld van
Brabant of Zeeland bewester Schelde (The Netherlands)
1235-67
Reigning Dowager Lady
of Monster, Maasland, Lier and
Zoutevenen |
|
After the death of her second husband,
Floris IV, graaf van Holland (1210-34), Countess Johanna of Flanders
granted her Zeeland as a fief in the name of her minor son, Willem. It
was a politically tricky affair as the Counts of Holland wanted to get
rid of the overlordship of Flanders for Zeeland. Her brother-in-law
Willem became Regent of Holland and occupied her dowries in
Monster, Maasland, Lier and Zoutevenen, and in 1235 she gave up the
regency in exchange for her Dowries. In 1238 her other brother-in-law,
Otto, bishop-elect of Utrecht took over the regency, but after her son
came of age the following year she remained influential, placed her
seal on his first decrees and appeared as witness on many of his later
decrees. When he died at the age of 29 her other son, Floris and
dauther, Aleid van Holland, acted ars regent for her grandson, Floris
V (1254-96). She founded a number of religious institutions and
convents and gave rich gifts to others. She had first been
married to Prince Palantine Henrik II and had 5 or 6 children with her
second husband. She lived (circa 1200–67). |
|
 |
1234-90 Lady Devorguilla MacDowall of Galloway in Scotland
(United Kingdom of Great Britain) |
|
Her
father, Lord Alan FitzRoland of Galloway, was the last of the
MacFergus dynasty of quasi-independent Lords of Galloway in the
southwest of Scotland. He was also hereditary Constable of Scotland.
When he died his possessions were divided between her and her two
surviving sisters. She passed the Lordship of Galloway and hereditary
rights to the crown on to her son John I Balliol, King of Scotland
(1992-96), by her husband, John, 5th Baron de Balliol and her son John
Balliol was king of Scotland for four years. Devorguilla endowed a
college for the poor, which later became Balliol College. Her mother
was Margaret of Huntingdon, the daughter of David of Scotland, 8th
Earl of Huntingdon, grand-son of the Scottish king David I. She lived
(circa 1210-90). |
|
|
1235-72 Sovereign Countess Yolande de Dreux of Penthièvre and
Porhoët (France) |
|
Daughter of Jean I of Bretagne (1217-86), and married Hugues IX de
Lusignan, Comte de la Marche et d'Angoulême. |
|
|
1236
De-facto Ruler
Shah Turkaan of the
Delhi Sultanate (Most of Northern India) |
|
Her husband, Iltutmish, became the first sultan
to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated his daughter
Razia as his heir apparent, possibly after the son he had previously
designated as heir had died. But when he died on April 29,
1236,her son, Ruknuddin Feroze Shah, was elevated to the throne
instead, but it was she who for all practical purposes running the
government as the new Sultan abandoned himself
to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery. On November 9, 1236, both
she and her son were put to death after only six months
in power. |
|
 |
1236-40 Sultan Galalat ad-Din Begum Radiya bint Shamas al-Din
Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate (Most of Northern India) |
|
Also known Razia Begum or Radiyya Altamish, she was The daughter of
the first Mameluk king of Delhi, Sultan Ilutmish, she came to the
throne after deposing her brother and having him killed. She used the
title al-dunya wa al din, which can be translated into "the
blessed of the earthly world and of the faith". She was a very able
leader and military commander, but was deposed and executed in
1246/47. |
|
 |
1236-59
Judicissa Adelaisa of Logudoro
(in Sardinia, Italy)
1237-59 Judicissa
of
Gallura (in Sardinia, Italy) |
|
By a pact signed between her father, Marianus II, who had interests in Gallura, and the Gallurese judge, Lamberto Visconti in November 1218, she first married the Lamberto's son, Ubaldo II in 1219. Pope Honorius III, enemy of the Pisans, immediately sent his
chaplain Bartolomeo to annul the marriage, but he failed.
Ubaldo inherited the Giudicato of Gallura in 1225. And when her brother, Barisone III, died without heirs, the Logudorese magnates unanimously acclaimed her as ruler with her husband as co-ruler. In 1237, Pope Gregory IX sent his chaplain Alexander to Torres to receive her recognition of papal suzerainty over Logudoro, as well as the lands she inherited from her grandfather,
Gugliermo
of Cagliari, in Pisa, Massa, and Corsica, and she made the oath of vassalage and Ubaldo affirmed it. He died later that year leaving Gallura to his cousin John Visconti. She remarried quickly to Guelfo dei Porcari, who died soon
after. At that time, the Doria family of Genoa, Pisa's main rival, convinced the Emperor Friederich II to marry his bastard son Enzo to her and create a Kingdom of Sardinia. Enzo arrived from Cremona in October the same year as Ubaldo's death and the two were married and titled King
and Queen of Sardinia. He left for Italy in july 1239 and never returned, being taken prisoner by the Este-family, and was never released, and in 1245 or 1246 the marriage was annulled.
Her mother was
Agnes of Massa, she apparently had to children who died as infants and
her possessions was divided amongst the Doria, Malaspina, and Spinola families. The neighbourging Giudicato
of Arborea succeeded in taking some land.
She lived (1207-59). |
|
|
1236-42 Regent Dowager Princess Dayfa Khatun bint al-Adil
Muhammadn of Yamkhad (Syria) |
|
Dayfat Hatun was the widow of ad az-Zahir Ghazi Ghiyath ud-Din I, who
ruled (1186-1216) and after the death of her son, al-'Aziz Muhammad
Ghiyath ud-Din II (1216-1236) she became regent for her grandson al-Nasr
II Yusuf Salah ad-Din (1236-1260). The capital of the Kingdom was
Aleppo, an ancient city in northwestern Syria, about 130 km east of
Antiochia. |
|
 |
1236 and 1241 Regent Duchess Hedwig of Croatia-Dalmatia of
Slesia (Śląsk/Schlesia)
(Poland) |
|
Also known as Jadowa, she was married to Henry I of Silesia, who
succeeded his father in 1202. She took a prominent part in the
administration of her husband. In particular she gave her support to
new monastic foundations and assisted those already in existence. She
also tended the leper women. Possibly regent during the absence of her
son and during an interregnum regent after death of her son Henryk II
the Pious on 9.4.1241. After her husband's death she retired to a
convent, and was later declared a saint (Sct. Hedwig). Mother of seven
children, and lived (circa 1174-1243). |
|
|
From 1237 Regent the Dowager Sultana of the Seljuqs in Aleppo
(Syria) |
|
Ruled in the name of Sultan al-Nazir, fighting with the Latin kings
and counts in the area. |
|
|
1237-41 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth II
of
Essen (Germany) |
|
Her
full title was Des heiligen römishen Reichs Fürstin und Äbtissin in
Essen, Frau zu Breisig, Huckard und Rellinghausen. |
|
|
1237 Reigning Abbess Ida of Rottenmünster (Germany) |
|
Emperor Friedrich II Hohenstaufen took the Abbey under his immediate
protection, and it had become an Abbey of the Realm. Ida was the
second Abbess. |
|
 |
1238-64 Reigning Abbess Ida of Herford (Germany) |
|
1256 she signed a treaty of
Condominate with the City of Herford (Co-Rule) something totally
unique in the realm. The Abbey of the Realm placed itself under the
protection of the Citizen of the City, who in exchange got important
rights. This lead to a cooperation between Abbey and City for
centuries and kept both free from other worldly lords. |
|
|
1239-79 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Dammartin of Aumale and
Ponthieu
(France)
1251-79 Sovereign Countess of Ponthieu
(France) |
|
The Daughter of
Simon de Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu and Marie, Comtesse de Ponthieu
(1199-1250).
and reigned jointly with husband, King Fernando III of Castilla, who
was co-regent until his death in 1252. She then married Jean II de
Nesle-Falvi. She was succeeded by their
daughter, Leonor de Castilla
(1241-90), who was Infanta of Castilla and Countess of Montreuil and
Ponthieu and also known as Éleonore de Castille. In Ponthieu she
succeeded her mother, Marie. Jeanne lived
(1220-78). |
|
|
Before 1239-69 Princess-Abbess Chunigunde II of Göss bei Leoben
(Austria)
|
|
During her reign, the ornate of the chapter was created.
|
|
|
1239-53
Reigning Abbess-General Inés
Laynez
of
the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
As Prioress she had been Acting as Head
of the Community 1230-31 until Maria Pérez de Guzmán was elected as
successor of Sancha Garcia. |
|
|
1239-42 Reigning Abbess Tutta III von Dalmässing of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
The
Chapter had been placed directly under the king as the other states in
Germany and was granted royal protection and, immunity. |
|
|
1240-47 Sovereign Princess Eschiva II de St. Omer of Galilee
(Israel)
|
|
Daughter of Hugo Falkenberg de Saint Omer and granddaughter of Eschiva
I, she ruled jointly with husbands Odo de Montbelliard and Guillaume I
de Bures until the state was conquered by the Syrians 1247. Mother of
two sons. |
|
|
1240-..
Sovereign Lady Bonne de la Roche of Thebes
(Greece) |
|
Succeeded brother
as head of 1/2 of the Lordship, and was married to Bela de Saint Omer, who became joint
lord of Thebes in the right of his wife. She was daughter of Othon de la Roche-sur-l'Ognon,
Seigneur de Ray, Lord of Athens. |
|
 |
1241-42 Regent Dowager Duchess Anna of Bohemia of Slesia and
Breslau
(Śląsk
and Wrocław)
(Poland) |
|
Also known
as Anna Czeska, she took over the reign after the death of her husband, Henryk II for her
son Boleslaw II. She (d. 1291). |
|
 |
1241-46 Grand Khanum Regnant Törägänä of the Qagans of China
- The Mongol Empire |
|
Also known as Töregene Khâtûn, she was head of the Mongol Yuan
Dynasty, after the death of her husband,
Ögedei
Khan Güyük Khan in 1246. The dynasty
ruled most of China and Chinese Turkistan, covering
Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan et cetera. She managed to
balance the various competing powers within the Mongol Empire, and
even within the extended family of the descendants of Genghis Khan.
Her husband had nominated a son by another wife to succeed him, but
when the lesser khans appointed her regent, she appointed her
favorites to high positions in the imperial household, and managed
to keep a Kurultai from being held until it was sure her son Güyük
was favored by the majority. During her
reign,
foreign dignitaries arrived from the distant corners of the empire
to her capital at Karakorum or to her nomadic imperial camp. Emirs,
governors and grandees jostled along the same roads as princes and
kings. The Seljuk sultan came from Turkey — as did representatives
of the Caliph of Baghdad. So did two claimants to the throne of
Georgia: David, the legitimate son of the late king — and David, the
illegitimate son of the same king. The highest-ranking European
delegate was Alexander Nevsky's father,
Grand Prince Yaroslav II Vsevdodovich of Vladimir and Suzdal, who died suspiciously just after dining
with her.
(d. 1265). |
|
|
1241-46
Senior Minister Fatima Katun
of the Qagans of China - The Mongol Empire |
|
Among the new ministers appointed when
Töregene Khâtûn became regent and dismissed all of her husband's
ministers. The Persian chronicler Juvaini,
who disapproved of women's involvement in politics, wrote that she
enjoyed constant access to the regent's tent. According to him, she
"became the sharer of intimate confidences and the depository of
hidden secrets." She played a political role while the older
"ministers were debarred from executing business, and she was free
to issue commands and prohibitions." Also, two of the other three
divisions of the empire also had female governors. Not only were
most of the rulers women, but surprisingly, none had been born
Mongol. They had married into the family from a conquered steppe
tribe, and aside from Fatima, most of the women were Christians.
When Güyük took power he managed to have her
imprisoned and killed in 1248. |
|
|
1242-46 Regent Dowager Khanum Ebüskün of Qara Khitai
(Turkistan) |
|
Reigned in the name of Khan Qara Hülägü. The dynasty used to rule over
a vast empire, but had been forced back to present day's Turkmenistan
and Uzbekistan. |
|
|
1242-43 Reigning Abbess Irmgard I von Scheyern of Niedermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
The
counts of Scheyern were members of the Wittelsbach-family. |
|
|
1243-49 Reigning Abbess Hildegard von Kirchberg of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of a Bavarian noble family. |
|
|
1243-55 Territorial Countess Maud de Lacy of Ulster (Ireland) |
|
Succeeded her father, Hugh de Lacy. Her husband Walter de Burgh was
Earl of Ulster (1255-71). |
|
|
1243-45 Sovereign Countess Marie de Rethel (Belgium) |
|
Inherited the County after the death of her father, Hugues III and was
succeeded by uncle, Jean. |
|
|
1243-63 Titular Queen Hélène of Thessalonica (Greece) |
|
Daughter of Bonifacio II di Monferrato and married to Guglliermo de le
Carceritercier de Negrepon. |
|
|
1243-90 Hereditary Countess Beatrix von Böhmen of
Bautzen-Oberlausitz (Germany) |
|
Oldest daughter of King Wenzel I of Bohemia and Kunigunde von Schwaben,
she was given the rich dowries of Bautzen and Oberlausitz around
Görlitz and Bautzen for her marriage to Margrave Otto III of
Brandenburg (1215-67). She was mother of two daughters and four sons,
and lived (1225-90). |
|
|
1244-64 Sovereign Countess Helvis of Haifa (Cayphas/Caiffa)
(Israel)
|
|
Succeeded father Rhoart II (1198-1244) and ruled jointly with various
husbands. |
|
 |
1244-78 Sovereign Countess Marguerite II de Constantinople of
Flanders and Hainault (Belgium) |
|
Margaretha
succeeded sister, Jeanne. First married
to Bouchard, the younger son of the Lord of Avesnes and bailiff of
Hainault. Her sister, Jeanne, demanded that they divorced, but they
refused and were excommunicated. They had three children before their
separation in 1221. Two years later she married Guillaume de Dampierre,
with whom she had four children. He died in 1232 and she received the
domains around Orchies and Bouchain. Her children disputed her
inheritance, but she managed to keep the reigns in Flanders and
Hainault after a number of battles and with the help of King Louis IX
of France. Her sons had been taken prisoners during the fighting and
she paid a heavy ransom for them. She abdicated and retired to the
Convent of Flines in 1278, and lived (1202-80). |
|
 |
1244-78 Sovereign Countess Béatrice Bérenguer of Provence and Forcalquier (France) |
|
Her
older sisters Marguerite, Blance and Eleanore were married to king
Louis IX of France, the Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry III of England
respectively, and they challenged the will of their father, Raymond
Bérenguer IV, where he had named her, the youngest, and the general
heir. She was married to Charles d'Anjou, King of Napoli, who became
Count of Provence and later also King of Napoli and Sicilia. The
mother of five children, she lived (1234-67). |
|
 |
1244-85 Claimant to the County Marguerite Bérenguer of Provence
(France) |
|
The
wife of King Louis of France (d. 1270) since 1234 she challenged her
father's appointment of her youngest sister as heir to the country.
She sought to employ force of arms, calling upon her son, her nephew
Edward II. of England, and the German king Rudolph of Habsburg. She
did not give up her claim until after the death of Charles of Anjou
in 1285, when Philip the Bold succeeded in getting her to accept an
income from the county of Anjou in exchange for her rights in Provence.
She accompanied her on crusades and spent her last years in a
monastery.
She lived
(1221-1295) |
|
|
1244-circa 49 Sovereign Countess Mascarose I of Armagnc (France) |
|
Her
father, Géraud IV Trancaléon was count 1190-1219, and she succeeded
brother Bernard V. She was joint ruler with husband Arnaud Otton de
Lomagne (d. 1256) and after her death; their daughter Mascarose II
succeeded them. Mascarose I (d. circa 1249). |
|
 |
1244-50
Landowner Queen
Katarina Sunesdotter
av Ymseborg of Sweden in Östergötland (Including the City of Söderköping), Västergötland,
Småland and Södermanland (Including parts of the City of Nyköping) and in
Sjælland (Zealand) (Sweden and Denmark)
1250-52 Abbess
of Gudhem (Sweden) |
|
Also known as Katarina Folkesdotter,
she was a member of the Family of Bjälbo (Bjälboätten) as the daughter of Helena Sverkersdotter,
daughter of King Sverker II of Sweden, and Sune Folkesson (d. 1247), Lord of
Ymseborg, lawspeaker of Västergötland, who descended from the Norwegian royal
family. After the death of the brother of her mother, Johan, in 1216, her mother,
herself and her sisters were the cheif heirs of the Sverker dynasty. In 1244 or 1243
she married King Erik XI (1215-50) and received an immense dower upon the
marriage, some legends narrate romantically about "half the kingdom". It is not
know if they had any children, but some sources indicates that a number of
daughters married German princes. After her husban's death she entered a convent
and donated and transferred all her lands, including her queenly dower, to
certain relatives and as donations to ecclesiastical institutions. For example,
her sister Benedikta received the town of Söderköping. She lived (circa 1215-52). |
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1245-48 Countess-Abbess Irmengarde I of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
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The
canonesses of the chapter were known to enjoy extensive freedoms. They
were often able to purchase extensive clothes and often their own
houses. If it suited their parents' means, they were often married
off. |
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1244-65 Reigning
Abbess
Mabile de la Ferté
of the Royal Abbey of
Fontevraud (France) |
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Widow of Matthieu de Montmorency, Seigneur de Laye, and Dame de Mondeville in her own right. |
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1246 Regent Dowager Countess Marguerite de France of Flanders
and Rethel (The Netherlands and France)
1261-82 Sovereign Countess Palatine (Marguerite II) of
Bourgogne and Countess of Artois and Salins (France) |
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After her husband, Louis II de Nevers, Count of Flanders and Rethel,
fell in battle in 1346 she became regent for their son Louis II de
Male (1330-84). Daughter of King Philippe V of France and Jeanne I de
Bourgogne, whom she succeeded as Countess. She remained politically
active to her death, and lived (circa 1212-82). |
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1246-47 Regent Dowager Countess Mechthilde von Wied-Neuenburg
of Sayn, the Castle and Town of Hachenburg, the Lordship of
Blankenburg, the Borough of Freusburg, the Castle of Hilkenrod, the
County of Hadamar, the Juristiction of Banne Maxsayn and all other
Rights of Court belonging to the County of Sayn (Germany)
1247-after 1283 Dowager Lady of Löwnstein and her other Dowry
Lands |
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Second wife of Heinrich III von Sayn (1206-1246), known as "the fat"
because he was more than 2,13 meters tall and very strong, who had
named her late sister-in-law, Adelhaid's four sons; Johannes, Count
von Sponheim, Lord Heinrich zu Heinsberg, Lord Simon von Sponheim und
Kreuznach and Count Eberhard von Sayn von Eberstein, as his sole
heirs, and after a year in charge of the government, she handed over
the county and lands to them, with the right to her dowries for life.
She was daughter of Count Lamtert von Wid-Neunburg and had no
children. (D. after 1283). |
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1246-69 Sovereign Duchess Gertrude von Babenberg of Mödling
(Austria)
1248-51 Titular Duchess of Österreich and Styria
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Inherited the Duchy from her uncle, Friederich II von Babenberg, and
her husband; Herman VI of Baden was titular Duke 1248-50 and her son,
Friederich I of Baden until 1251. But they were engaged in a war of
succession with her aunt, Margarethe von Babenberg, never managed to
establish themselves in the country and were rejected by the estates.
In the end Margarethe's second husband Przemysl Ottokar II took
control of the country. She was daughter of Agnes von Thüringen
Heinrich (1208-28), the son of Duke Leopold VI (d. 1230) She was first
married to Margrave Wladislaw of Moravia (d. 1247), Margrave Hermann
VI von Baden (d. 1250) and Prince Roman of Halicz, Count of Novogrudok,
whom she divorced in 1253. 1269 she was banned from Austria and moved
to Meissen in Sachsen where she became the first Abbess of the Convent
of Saint Claren Strusslitz. She was mother of a son and a daughter by
her husband and one daughter by the second, and lived (1226-88). |
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1246....Possible Regent
Dowager Tsarina Irene Komnene of Bulgaria |
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Together with her parents, Despot Theodore Komnenos Doukas of Epirus,
and Maria Petraliphaina she was taken prisoner by the troops of tsar
Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria in the battle of Klokotnitsa and they were
taken in Tarnovo, where Irene grew up in the Palace and 1237 she got
married to the tsar and had three children: Anna (or Theodora),
Maria (who married Mitso Asen, who was tsar of Bulgaria 1256–57) and
Michael Asen I, who succeeded his halfbrother, Kaliman I. According
to one theory she poisoned her step-son in order to secure the
throne for her son. It is assumed that she took over the government
as tsarina-regent, becouse her son was still a child when he
ascended the throne, but there is little evidence to prove this
hypothesis. Later she retired to a monastery under the monastic name
Xenia, and lived (before 1220-after 1241/46). |
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1246-92 Princess-Abbess Berta I von Arnberg of Essen, Lady
of Breisig, Huckard and Rellinghausen (Germany) |
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Had managed to have the stewardship
downgraded from a "seignorial stewardhip" to a "protective stewardship" (Herrenvogtei
or Schirmvogtei) which meant that the steward no longer was allowed to
collect taxes or revenues from the inhabitants of the territory of Essen. And
the military protection was in the hands of the civil servants of the chapter.
The Archbishop of Köln, Siegfried von Westerburg, had tried to have her removed
from office on charge of a number of serious charges. She did not attend the
case and the bishop declared her for deposed and with the help of the Pröbstin,
Mechtild von Rennenberg, he declared his niece, Irmgard von Wittgenstein to be
Abbess of Essen, after he had already installed her as abbess of Herford. But
Berta had already secured the confirmation by the pope in 1245 that the chapter
was placed directly under his protection, and the Bishop of Köln therefore did
not have any say in the matters of the chapter of Essen.
In
1290 she was given full authority (Landeshohheit) over the city of Essen by
Emperor Rudolf I, who helped her restore the authority of the chapter against
the Archbishop of Köln. Count Eberhard von Mark was appointed Marshall of the
Abbey, but had to give up the hereditary status of the office and the juridical
powers. 1291 she granted a charter of freedom for the Jews of the city, and
successive Princesses confirmed this freedom until the secularisation in 1802.
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Circa
1246-79 Dame Abbesse Agnès I de Salm of Remiremont (France) |
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The
reign of Agathe von Bitsch ended in 1239, and it is not known who
ruled until about 1246. She was member of the German family of the
Rhinegraves von Salm, and later her death, there was 2 candidates for her succession: Marguerite de Bayon
and Agnès de Glère. |
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1247-65 Lady Sofia von Thüringen of Hessen (Germany)
1248 Regent Dowager Duchess of Brabant
1250-60 Regent of Hessen |
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Daughter of Ludwig of Thüringen and Hessen and Erzbet the Holy of
Hungary (d. 1231). After her brother's death her uncle inherited the
lands of Thüringen and Hessen. After his death in 1247, she clamed the
lands in Hessen and Thüringen in the name of her son, Heinrich (b.
1244). The next year her husband, Heinrich, died and she proclaimed
that the German Order was under her protection and confirmed her
family's donations to the order. As she also had widespread support of
the nobility of Hessen, she managed to secure her position as Lady of
the two territories, and her son's later seizure of power. In 1250 she
made peace with her cousin, Heinrich, who had been appointed Landgrave
in 1247. She was granted the regency of Hessen during her son's
minority. In 1259 the succession-war started again, she and her allies
lost in Thüringen but she was able to hold on to power in Hessen,
where her son was appointed Landgrave in 1292.
Sophie lived
(1224-75). |
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1247-79 Politically Influential Duchess Kuniguda of Bohemia of
Poland Minor, Kracow and Sandomir (Małopolska and Sandomierz) (Poland) |
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Also known as Kinga, she was influential during reign of her husband,
prince Bolesław V. She was daughter of King Bela IV of Hungary, did not
have any children, and lived (1234-92). She was canonised as Saint
Kunigunda in 1999. |
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1248-51 Empress Khanum Hatun Ogul Gamys of The Yuan Dynasty in
China |
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Also known as Oghul Qamish or Ghaimish. After the death of her
husband, Greath Khan Güyük, she became regent for her three young sons
Qucha, Naqu and Qughu and thereby became ruler over parts of China,
Mongolia, Tibet, Kazakstan and Turkistan. In 1250 she received three
envoys of Louis IX of France. She accepted their presents as a tribute
and demanded that the king of France made more explicit submission to
her. In 1251 fighting broke out between rival Factions of the ruling
family, she was convicted of sorcery, sewn up in a sack and drowned in
1252. |
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1248-1311 Sovereign Countess Beatrix of Montfort-L'Amauri (France) |
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Only child of Jean I de Montfort-l'Amaury and Jeanne de Châteaudun,
and married to Robert IV de Dreux. Succeeded by daughter, Yolande de
Dreux. |
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1248-79 Sovereign Countess Palatine Adelheide de Meran of
Franche-Comté and Upper Burgundy (France) |
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Also known as Alix, she succeeded brother, Otto III de Meran and
reigned together with two husbands Hugues de Châlons until his death
in 1266 and then with Philippe de Savoie (d. 1285). She fought the
nobility of Franche-Comte lead by Jean de Chalon. The daughter of
Beatrix II, she was mother of 13 children, including Hippolytte, Dame
de Saint-Vallierand and Agnes, Dame de Saint Aubin a numer of monks
and nuns, and was succeeded
by son Otto IV. She
lived (1209-79). |
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1248-63 Hereditary Countess Agnes von Andechs-Meranien of the
Counties of Neuburg and Schärding am unteren Inn in Krain and of Ried
(Germany) |
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Last of the dynasty of Andechs after the death of
her brother Otto VIII. The
daughter of Duke Otto VII von Meran and Beatrix von Bourgogne she was first married to Friederich II of Österreich and after their
divorce in 1243 to Duke Ulrich von Kärnten. She did not have any
children, and lived (circa 1215-63). |
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1248-circa 1302 Reigning Countess Jutta von Ravensberg of Vechta
und Vlotho (Germany) |
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Inherited the lands of Vechta and Vlotho after her husband,
Heinrich III, Count von Vechta und Vlotho. She sold the possessions
around Vechta and in Emsland to the bishop of Münster. Daughter of Count Otto II of Ravensberg and (d. after 1302)
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1248-59 Baroness Catharine de Savoie of Vaud (Switzerland) |
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Daughter of Baron Ludwig II. von Waadt-Vaud and Isabella de Chalon.
First married to Lord Azzo I. Visconti of Milano, Raoul II de Brienne,
Comte d'Eu, and Connetable of France, who was executed in 1351, and
finally to Count Guillaume de Dampierre-Namur. In 1359 she sold the
Barony and the Lordships of Nyon, Rolles, Morges, Yverdon, Moudon,
Echellens, Volouz, Romont and Rye to Savoy. She had three children by
her third husband, and lived (circa 1315-88). |
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1248-49/60 Countess-Abbess Oda von Meinersen of Gernrode and
Frose
(Germany) |
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Since the eleventh century the property of Gernrode was divided
between the abbess, the canonesses, and the other inhabitants of the
chapter. The canonesses administered only a small portion of their
land holdings directly. They leased the lands to dependent farmers in
return for rent payments and services. The majority of the community's
land was loaned in fief to vassals and members of ministerial
families. |
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From 1249 Sovereign Princess Maria Rurikova-Rostovsky of
Yaroslavl (Russia) |
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The
territory of the Yaroslavl region is situated in the centre of Russia,
in the core of foundation of Russian statehood and culture, and was
founded as a fortress-town at the beginning of the 11th century by the
Prince of Kiev Yaroslavl the Wise. According to the legend he subdued
the pagans by killing the sacred bear. Since 1218 Yaroslavl is the
capital of the Yaroslavl. |
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1249-50 Regent Dowager Sultana Shajarat al-Dur of Egypt
(23.11-19.02)
1250 Sultan (Queen of the Muslims)
1250-57 De Facto Co-Ruler |
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Also known as Shajarat, Shaggar, Shagar or Shagarat al-Durr, she took
power when her husband, Sultan al-Salih Ayyub died of a fever in the
midst of a Crusader campaign in the Nile Delta, where the Franks under
Louis IX and landed. She managed to conceal the sultan's death and
controlled Egypt long enough to recall al-Salih's son, Turan Shah,
from northern Syria to assume command. By the time word leaked out of
the palace concerning Al-Salih's death, her coalition was in firm
control of affairs. The Mameluk army defeated Louis's forces in
February 1250 at Mansura and captured the French king and his forces.
She also managed also managed to preserve order after Turan Shah was
murdered by the Mameluk, who then raised her to the throne and gave
her the title, Umm-Khalil, meaning "mother of Khalil". She continued
the negotiations with Louis, who was ransomed for 1,000,000 bezants,
and reigned alone for 80 days and had coins struck and the Friday
sermon pronounced in her own name, but the Caliphate at Baghdad did
not approve of her reign, so in order to preserve her position, she
married the chief of her husband's Mameluks Aibak, and had him
proclaimed sultan, but due to his constant struggle with the Syrian
Ayyubids in Damascus and Aleppo he remained on campaign for much of
his early reign. Thus, she exercised de facto power over Egypt and
maintained political stability. After seven years he wanted to take a
second wife and she had him assassinated and she was killed by a mob
led by her husband's son from his first marriage, Ali. She was born as
a Mameluk slave herself, and (d. 1257). |
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1249-64
Sovereign Lady
Marguriette of Caesarea (Israel) |
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Daughter of Jean I (1229-41) and succeeded brother and reigned jointly
with Jean Aleman. |
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1249-55/56 Sovereign Countess Mascarose II of Armagnc (France) |
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Succeeded mother, Mascarose I, and reigned jointly with husband,
Eskivat de Chabannais, Count of Bigorre until his death in 1251. She
was succeeded by a distant relative. |
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1249-88 Sovereign Dame Agnès de Dampierre of Bourbon (France) |
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Inherited the title when her father, Archambault IX de Dampierre, was
killed in Cyprus. Her mother, Yolande de Châtillon-sur-Marne was heir
to the Counties of Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre but died in 1254,
seven years before her mother Mahaut I, and therefore the counties
were inherited by Agnès' sister, Mahaut II in 1257. Agnès was first
married to 1248 Jean de Bourgogne, Seigneur de Bourbon (d. 1267) and
10 years later to Count Robert II d'Artois. She was succeeded by her
only daughter Beatrix de Bourgogne (1257-1310), who married Count
Robert de Clermont. Agnès lived (circa 1237-88). |
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1249-52 Sovereign Countess Marie de Lusignan of Eu, Dame
de Melle, Chize, Civray and Benais (France) |
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Succeeded father Roul III de Lusignan-Issoudun and reigned jointly
with husband Alphonse de Brienne. Succeeded by son, Jean II. She
lived (circa 1220-60). |
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1249-71 Sovereign Countess Jeanne of Champagne (France) |
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Successor of her father Raymond VII and reigned jointly with son-in-law
Alphonse de Valois, Count de Pouitou, the son of Louis VIII.
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1249-71 Sovereign Countess Jeanne of Toulouse, Dame de
Castres et Mirepoix, Marchioness of Provence (France) |
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Only daughter and heir of her father, Raimondo VII and his first wife,
Sancha of Aragon and member of a Side-Line of the Sovereign Counts and
Dukes of Provence. Her marriage to Alphonse de France, Count de Poiters
(1220-71), son of King Louis VIII, was very happy. Her only daughter
died and therefore the county revered to the crown after her death.
She lived
(1220-71). |
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1249-1311 Sovereign Countess
Béatrice de Montfort of Montfort-l'Amaury
(France) |
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Married to Robert IV de Dreux and succeeded by daughter, Yolande de
Montfort. |
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1249-60 Sovereign Viscountess Clémence of
Châteaudun, Dame de Mondoubleau and Saint Calais (France) |
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Succeeded under the regency of her mother after her father Geoffroy
VI, was lost in the holy land. He had also taken part in the crusades
in 1225 and 1229. In 1238 the Count of Champagne ceded the suzerainty
of among others Châteaudun to the king of France, and the viscounty
therefore became a direct fief of the crown. She was married to
Robert de Dreux, and was succeeded by the oldest daughter, Alix I. |
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1249-53 Regent Dowager Viscountess Clémence des Roches of
Châteaudun (France) |
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Reigned in the name of her daughter, Clémence de Châteaudun, after the death of her
second husband Geoffroy VI. She might also have been regent during his
participations in crusades in 1225, 1229 in warfare in 1240 and 1242
and during his final journey to Jerusalem from 1248. Clémence's first
husband was Thibault VI de Blois and she has brought along the
Seigneurities of Chateau de Loir, Mayet, de la Suze and Loupelande in
her marriage. |
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1249-57 Reigning Abbess Kunigunde III von Stain of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Member of the Seigniorial family von Stain zu Rechtenstein by the
River Donau in Württemberg. |
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1249 Reigning Abbess Margaretha
of Wald, Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh
(Germany) |
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As Abbess she also held the
overlordship and lower jurisdiction in the villages of Wald, Buffenhofen, Burrau,
Dietershofen, Gaisweiler, Hippetsweiler,
Kappel, Litzelbach,
Otterswang,
Reischach, Riedetsweiler,
Ringgenbach, Rothenlachen, Steckeln,
Walbertsweiler
und Weihwang by the Bodenzee Lake and outside it's acctual territories of
Igelswies, Ruhestetten und Tautenbronn. |
Last updates
25.02.15
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