1670-91 Regent Dowager Princess Anna Eleonore von Stolberg-Wernigerode of Anhalt-Köthen (Germany)

Her husband, Emanuel (1631-50-70), died after only 7 months of marriage, and she became joint regent with Johan Georg II von Anhalt-Dessau, for her posthumously born son, Emmanuel Albrecht (1671-1704), and got Imperial confirmation as regent in 1671. She lived (1651-91).

1670-85 Reigning Dowager Lady Queen Dowager Sophie Amalie zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg of Denmark of Lolland-Falster and the County of Hørsholm, Denmark

Received the fief in 1660 as security for loans to her husband, Frederik 3, and she also administered the estates of Ibsholm and Dronninggaard. She was quite influential during the reign of her husband from 1648. She was mother of among others, Prince Jørgen (George) the husband of Queen Anne of England and Scotland. Sophie Amalie lived (1628-85).

1670-75 Princess-Abbess Maria Bernarda Östringer of Heggbach (Germany)

Continued the building and renovation works of her predecessor, but marked by illness during the whole of her short reign. She lived (1650-75).

1670-1704 Reigning Abbess Gabrielle de Rochechouart de Mortemart of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France)

Marie-Madeleine-Gabrielle was the sister of the Marquise de Montespan, she is said to have translated all the works of Plato from the Latin version of Ficino. The children of the highest nobility frequented the abbey school, and her successors were entrusted with the education of the daughters of Louis XV.

1670-73 Politically Active Queen Eleonora Maria Josefa von Habsburg of Poland 
1690-97 Politically Active Dowager Duchess of Lorraine (France)

Politically active during reign of her first husband, king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki of Poland, and in 1673 she prevented the civil war in the country. After the death of her second husband, Karl IV Leopold, she tried to fulfil his last wishes by placing all of her energy into the return of Lorraine to her children. At the German Reichstag in Regensburg she presented an offer for the restoration of the duchy and established the rights of her eldest son, Leopold Joseph. In 1697 at the Treaty of Rijswijk she achieved her aims, but died only a few weeks after. Mother of 5 children with second husband, and lived (1653-97).

1671-96 Rani Regnant Chennamma of Keladi (or Bednur) (India)

Also known as Chennammaji, she succeeded her husband Somashekara Nayak I at a very young age but managed to take over the throne in spite of scheming councillors and external dangers. Apparently she was skilled with the sword as well. Several ministers and the commander-in-chief unsuccessfully plotted to remove her from power. A member of the royal family who felt he should have succeeded to the crown made alliance with the Wodeyer ruler of Mysore, but the she defeated him in battle and forced a treaty on Mysore. Taking advantage of the situation the chieftains of Sodi, Sirsi and Vanavasi declared war but they too were crushed. Other leaders in the kingdom also revolted but she banished them. Rajaram, son of Chatrapati Shivaji came to her while fleeing from Aurangazeb and she granted him safe passage. This led to war with the Mughal Empire in which her troops destroyed a major part of the Mughal army led by Aurangazeb's son, they captured several Mughal captains and ultimately a treaty was signed. She was succeeded by adopted son, Asavappa Nayakka I.

1671-circa 73 In Charge of the Government Dowager Duchess Dorothea Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön (Denmark and Germany)

Her son, Hans Adolf von Holsten-Pløn (1634-71-1704) participated in various wars in the service of the German Emperor, and first left the government to her and later in the hand of her daughter-in-law, Dorothea Sophia von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Dorothea Auguste was widow of Joachim Ernst of Plön and the areas of Kenfeld and Ahrensbök, during whose reign the armies of Wallenstein went through the Duchy in 1627, the Swedes looted in 1643 and the Danish-Swedish war 1657-60 devastated the state. She lived (1602-82).

1671-98 Sovereign Marchioness Henriëtte Francisca zu Hohenzollern-Hechingen of Bergen op Zoom, Countess of Walhain (The Netherlands)

One year after the death of her mother, Maria Elisabeth II van der Bergh s'-Heerenberg, she was given the Marchionate as a fief, but was not inaugurated until 1781. She married Frédéric Maurice de La Tour, Comte d'Auvergne et d'Oliergues, and had nine children. During the war between the United Republic of the Netherlands and France, Bergen op Zoom was given two times to the King-Stadtholder Willem IIII (1672-78 and 1788-97). She was succeeded by her son, Francois Egon. Also known as Franziska Henriette, she lived (1642-98). 

Circa 1671-76 Squaw Sachem Awashonks of Sakonnet in Rhode Island (United States of America)

Also known as Awashunckes, she was a Sachem or Suncksqua of very high standing and a major player in events leading up to the native King Philip's (Metacomet's) War (1675-76). Repeatedly, we hear of her negotiating war and peace at the council fire, backed by her war leaders, most of who were her sons and she was among those signing the "submission" after the Native American army was defeated. She was contemporary with three other women sachems of the period Weetamoo and Potok Magnus and an unnamed woman leader from Concord in Massachusetts.

1671-85 Politically Influential Duchess Louise Renée de Kéroualle of Portsmouth in England (United Kingdom)

French mistress of Charles II of England. She exerted a powerful influence over the king in favour of France until his death in 1685. She was made Duchess of Portsmouth and d'Aubigny in 1673 and was the mother by the king, of Charles Lennox, duke of Richmond. Many English hated her as a French-Catholic menace; she stayed mostly in France after 1685, and lived (1649–1734).

1672-75 Regent Dowager Duchess Louise von Anhalt-Dessau of Liegnitz and Brieg in Slesia (Schlesien-Liegnitz-Brieg) (Poland)
1672-75 Reigning Dowager Duchess in Wołów
1672-80 Reigning Dowager Duchess in Ohlau (Oława)

Also known as Ludwika Anhalcka. After the death of her husband, Christian von Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau (1664-72), also known as Duke of Slesia in Liegnitz or Duke of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów-Oława, who inherited Legnica and Brzeg from his older brothers, she became regent for their son, George Wilhelm. She was tolerant and assisted the Catholics, which made the Protestant people of the Duchy accelerate the declaration of age of her son, and against her protests Emperor Leopold I declared him ruler of his Duchy (14 March 1675). One of his first acts was to strip her of Wołów, part of her Dowry. But he died after 8 month's rule of smallpox. She then retired to Oława, where she spend her last years in the construction of the Baroque Silesian Piast mausoleum at the church of St. Johannes the Baptist in Legnica, also called Piasteum, where she translated the remains of her husband, son and some of their ancestors. Her daughter, Charlotte von Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau (1652-1707) (or Karolina Piastówna) apparently explored the possibilities of succeeding to the territories, but Emperor Leopold objected to this and the lands were taken over by the Habsburgs. She was married to Duke Friederich von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (1652–1724) until their divorce in 1680. Their only child, Leopold (1674–1744), remained in the custody of her ex-husband, she was given and annual salary of 6,000 talers during her lifetime as compensation for the Slesian lands and she lived in Wrocław, the old city of her ancestors for the rest of her life. Louise was daughter of Duke Johan Kasimir von Anhalt-Dessau and Agnethe von Hessen-Kassel, and lived (1631-80).

1672-74, 1679-82 and 1699-1707 Sovereign Princess Marie de Orléans-Longueville of Neuchâtel and Valangin (Switzerland)

The daughter of Henri II d'Orléans, Duke de Longueville, and his first wife, Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Marie lost her mother at age 12, and in 1642 came under the authority of her stepmother, the celebrated intriguer of the Fronde, Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé. Raised in a strict, studious atmosphere, Marie came to have little in common with her scandalous stepmother and eventually fled to Dieppe and then to Flanders in 1651 upon the renewed outbreak of the wars of the Fronde. For a time she was considered a possible bride for the Duke of York and even for Charles II of England, who had asked her hand. In 1657 she married Henri II, Duke de Nemours, a near invalid, who died two years later, leaving her childless. The rest of her life was spent in a cruel, arduous legal battle with her stepmother's relatives, trying to establish her own inheritance. In 1698 she lost her case as far as the French property was concerned, but she did establish her right to the sovereign principality of Neufchatel the following year. In her Memoirs she dealt with the Fronde, writing with sympathy toward her father and with particular hatred for her stepmother and other Condés. She lived (1625-1707). 

1672-88 Princess-Abbess Barbara II Sauther of Baindt (Germany)

As Princess of The Empire (Fürstäbtissin or Reichsäbtissin), she sat on the Ecclesiastical Bank in the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1663 the Diet sat indefinitely and became known as the Everlasting Diet (Immerwährender Reichstag). From now on emperor was represented by a prince of the empire as his commissioner; a jurist was appointed as Subcommissioner; and the elector of Mainz, Archchancellor of the empire, had charge of the business of the meetings of the Diet. This assembly of representatives without legislative power disappeared when the realm collapsed under Napoleon's attack in 1806.

1673-1702 In Charge of the Government Duchess Dorothea Sophia zu Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön
1704-06 Member of the Guardian Government
1704-22 Titular Duchess of Reinfeld and Reigning Dowager Lady of the Castle and Administrative Office  (Germany)

After her marriage to Hans Adolf, Of the Grace of God, Heir of Norway, Duke to Schleswig-Holstein (1634-71-1704), who participated in various wars in the service of the German Emperor and spend very little time in Plön, she took over the government from her mother-in-law Dorothea Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp. After his death she became member of the guardian government for her grandson, Leopold August, who died after 2 years at the age of 4. She was given the title of titular duchess and Castle of Reinfeld as her dowry. She lived (1653-1722).

1674-79 Sovereign Princess Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé of Neuchâtel (Switzerland)

Born in the prison of Vincennes, into which her father Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, and mother Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, had been thrown for opposition to Marshal D'Ancre, the favourite of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. In 1642 she was married to the Duc de Longueville, governor of Normandy, a widower twice her age. After Richelieu's death her father became chief of the council of regency during the minority of Louis XIV. She became of political importance in 1646 when her husband was the chief envoy during the drafting of the Treaty of Westphalia, where she was addressed as the " goddess of peace and concord." She maintained a long liaison with the duc de La Rochefoucauld and joined him as a leader of the Fronde. A determined enemy of Cardinal Mazarin, she obtained the assistance of her brother Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti, during the first Fronde, and that of the Vicomte de Turenne and her brother, the Great Condé, The king pardoned her and she became the great protectress of the Jansenists. As her health failed she hardly ever left the convent of the Carmelites in which she had been educated. On her death in 1679 her brother buried her with great splendour, and her heart, as she had directed, was sent to the nuns of the Port Royal des Champs. She lived (1619-79).

1674-89 Acting Patroon Maria van Cortland van Rensselaer of the Patroonship of Rensselaerswijk in New Amsterdam (USA)

After the death of her husband, Jeremias van Rensselaer, who was the Third Director, Fourth Patroon, and Second Lord of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck, she acted stand-in for son. The Dutch colonized the area, which later became New York after it was sold to the British. She was daughter of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, a wealthy Manhattan merchant, and Anna Lookerman, mother of 6 children, and lived (1645-89). 

1675-77 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-'Alam Shah, Sultana of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia)

Granddaughter of Sultan 'Ali Mughayat II Ri'ayat Shah, who ruled 1604-07, and married Laksamana 'Abdu'r Rahman bin Zainal Abidin, Orang Kaya Kaya Maharaja Lela Melayu, son of Zainal Abidin bin Daim Mansur, Tengku of Ribee. Perhaps mother of Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ahmad Shah Johan Badr Berdaulat, but she was succeeded by Sultana Zaqiyat. Her Throne-name Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-'Alam Shah means Light of the world, Purity of the Faith. (d. 1677).

1675-96 Sovereign Duchess Elisabeth d'Orléans of Alençon and Angoulême (France)

Daughter of Gaston, Duc d'Orléans, son of king Henri IV of France and Marie de Bourbon. She was half sister of Anne Marie, duchesse de Montpensier and full sister of Anne, Duchess of Montpensier, Marguerite Louise, married to Cosimo III of Toscana, and  Françoise Madeleine, wife of Charles Emmanuel II, duke of Savoia. She was married to Louis Joseph, duke of Guise (1650–1675), but since their only son died as a child, the duchy reverted to the crown at her death. She lived (1646-1696).

1675-88 Sovereign Duchess Marie de Lorraine of Guise et de Joyeuse, Princess de Joinville (France)

She was daughter of Henriette-Catherine, Princesse de Joyeuse (1585-1608-56), and succeeded a grandnephew. In 1686 she left Guise and Joinville to Charles de Stainville, Comte de Couvonges, with a remainder to the younger sons of the duke of Lorraine’s younger sons and their heirs male. She also left Joyeuse by an act of 1688 to Charles Francois de Lorraine, prince de Commercy. The Parlement de Paris voided the donation of 1686 in 1689, and Anna Henrietta Julia of Bavaria, second daughter of the prince Palatine, distant cousin of the deceased, inherited Guise and Joinville. Marie de Lorraine lived (1615-1688).

1675-1704 Sovereign Duchess Marie Madeleine Thérèse de Vignerot of Aiguillon, Demoiselle d'Agénois et Baronne de Saujon (France)

Succeeded aunt, Marie-Madeleine Vignerot. She became a nun, and at her death her nephew Louis-Armand, marquis De Richelieu, inherited the title. Marie-Thérèse lived (1635-1705).

1675-98 Sovereign Duchess Marie-Anne de Bourbon of Vallière (France)

Her mother, Louise-Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc, resigned in her favour. In 1698 she gave the duchy to her cousin, Charles-François de La Baume Le Blanc. She had no children in her marriage with Prince Louis-Armand I de Bourbon-Conti, prince de la Roche-sur-Yon (1661-85). Also known as Marie-Anne de Blois, she was daughter of King Louis XIV, and lived (1666-1739).

1675-87 Regent and Guardian Dowager Countess Maria Anna Theresia von Haslang of Breitenegg (Germany)

In charge of the government in the Tillyschen Reichsgrafschaft (Tillyian Imperial Immediate County) during the minority of her son, Ferdinand Lorenz Franz Xaver t'Serclaes, , Reichsgraf von Tilly und Breitenegg (d. 1724), who was succeeded by his daughter, Maria Anna Katharina Theresia Reichsgräfin von Tilly. The County of the Realm had received a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet in 1654.

1675-87 Princess-Abbess Maria Cäcilia I Vöhlerin of Heggbach (Germany)

In 1686 she changed the common sleeping hall for the ladies of the chapter with cells for each one of them. During her reign the bad harvests returned (in 1682 and 1685), but she started a number of commercial activities and opened a mill and a saw. Another version of her surname was Vöhlin, and she was born Freifrau von Frickenhausen, Illertiseen und Neuburg.

1675-93 Princess-Abbess Maria Theresia von Muggenthal of Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany)

Member of the noble family of Counts of the Realm (Reichsgrafen) von Muggenthal in Bavaria.

1675-1708 Princess-Abbess Maria Franziska I von Manderscheid of Elten, Abbess of Vreden (Germany)

After she had her election approved, she had her right to appoint and dismiss the clerics of the territory confirmed by the Pope, and she managed to curb the attempts by her General Vicar, who was her assistant in her exercise of her quasi episcopal authority, to become her superior. She founded convents and schools in the Catholic enclave partly on German, partly on Dutch ground. And in 1700 she issued a law which clearly divided the secular and clerical courts.

Circa 1676-circa 1711 Sultan Alimah II of Nzwani, Comoro Islands

Arabic-style sultanates developed in Nzwani as early as the sixteenth century with different areas of the island first ruled by chiefs known as Fani. Later, the chiefs were involved in conflicts and appealed to Europeans to intercede on their behalf. Eventually, in 1886, the island became a French protectorate and was formally annexed by France to its possessions in 1909.

1676-1715 Sovereign Countess Magdalena Christina von Manderscheid-Blankenheim of Sayn-Hachenburg (Germany)

Succeeded brother, who had succeeded their mother, Countess Ernestine von Sayn, who was co-ruler of the county which was part of the Imperial Circle of the Lower Rhine-Westphalia and the bank of the Counts of The Lower Rhine-Westphalia in the Imperial Diet (Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Reichskreis & Grafen dem Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Reichsgrafenkollegium). She was married to Burgrave Georg Ludvig von Kirchberg and in 1799 the counties were inherited by Burgravine Luise of Kirchenberg, Countess of Sayn-Hardenburg and Lady of Farnrode and trough her, by the Dukes of Nassau-Weilburg - the present ruling family of Luxembourg. She lived (1658-1715).

1676-88 Regent Dowager Duchess Ilona Zrinyi of Munkacs (Hungary)

After the death of her first husband, Francis I Rakoczy (Rákóczi Ferenc), and mother-in law, Sophia Báthory, she inherited the immense property of the family. She married Imre Tököly and helped her husband with organising the "kuruc" uprising. After her husband had been defeated she defended fortress Munkach against the Habsburgs. In 1688 she was forced to give up. She was kept imprisoned in a cloister in Vienna. Later her husband changed her for Habsburg emperor's officers. She followed her husband to his political exile. Her first husband had been designated as successor of his father, George I of Transylvania in 1652 by the Diet, but he was never recognized. The city of Munkacs is situated in Transcarpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpatskaya Oblast) and its population was a mixture of Hungarian-, Slovak-, Ukrainian-, Ruthenian-, and German-speaking elements; it also boasted one of the most culturally significant Jewish communities in Eastern Europe.  She died in Nikodemia having lived (1645-1703)

1676-1702 Reigning Dowager Duchess Eleonora Charlotte zu Württemberg-Mömpelgard of Twardogóra in Oleśnica (Poland)

In Polish she is known as Elonora Karolina, and she held the territory after her marriage to her father's cousin, Prince Sylvius Friederich zu Württemberg-Oels or Sylwiusz Fryderyk of Oleśnica (1651-97)) as her dorwy. Its German name was Festenburg. Her husband was son of Duke Sylvius Nimrod von Württemberg-Juliusburg, and Elisabeth Marie von Münsterberg-Öls and she was daughter of Duke Georg II von Württemberg-Mömpelgard and Anne de Coligny (1624-80), did not have any children, and (1656-1743).

1676-89 Princess-Abbess Maria Rosina Brümsi von Herblingen of Lindau (Germany)

The Abbess of Lindau became Princess of the Empire with the title of Princess-Abbess (Reichsäbtissin to Lindau) in the 15th Century.

1677-84 Regent Sri Rani Aswathi Thriunal Umayamma Rani of Travancore (India)

As the senior Princess of the Royal House, she was already Rani of Attingal, which was given to her as her personal appanage, when she succeeded on the death of Raja Aditya Varma after defeating a rival contender to the throne, Nedumangattu Kerala Varma in battle. Around this time, the British first came to Kerala. In 1684, she facilitated the construction of god owns for the British near Attingal. She adopted Kottayam Kerala Varma, who became a famous personality. Unfortunately, his popularity came at the cost of making powerful enemies, who had him assassinated on his return from an audience with the Queen. She was mother of six sons, five of them drowned at Manakad while bathing. After the death of her last son, Raja Ravi Vama, Raja, she adopted an entire family from the House of Kolatbunad, the Koil Tampurans of Kilimanur - three men and three women. Ummayamma Rani  (d. 1684/90).

1677-93 Co-Regent Dowager Duchess Magdalene Sibylle von Hessen-Darmstadt of Württemberg (Germany)
1677-1712 Reigning Dowager Lady of Leonberg

Following the death of her husband, Duke Wilhelm Ludwig, she reigned in the name of their son Eberhard Ludwig (1676-77-1733) together with some co-regents, among other her brother-in-law, Friedrich-Karl. She formed a form of alternative government against the administrator; she initiated intrigues and changed side as she saw her own advantages. When Friederich-Karl was captured by the French, Emperor Leopold outmanoeuvred her by declaring her son of prematurely of age. She held the Castle and Landscape of Leonberg as her dowry. The daughter of the Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt, she grew up in Sweden, and lived (1652-1712).

Around 1677 Queen of Wayonaoake in Virginia (USA)

Mentioned as one of the signateurs of the treaty between the Indian tribes and the British colonisers.

1677-81 Regent Dowager Duchess Eleonore Clara von Hohenlohe-Gleichen of Nassau-Saarbrücken (Germany)

After her husband, Gustav Adolf von Nassau-Saarbrücken, fell in battle at Kochersberg, she was regent for son, Ludwig Kraft von Nassau-Saarbrücken (1663-77-1713). During her reign, she abolished the serfdom in the county in a proclamation with the titulature: "Wir Eleonore Clara, Verwittibte Gräfin und Vormünderin zu Nassau Saarbrücken und Saarwehrden, Frau zu Lahr und Wiesbaden und Jdstein, geb. Gräfin von Hohenlohe u. Gleichen, Frau zu Laneenburg u. Granichfeld." She lived (1632-1709).

1677-1700 Burgravine Amalia von Dohna-Vianen, Sovereign Lady and Heiress of Vianen and Ameiden, Hereditary Burgravine of Utrecht (The Netherlands)

1677-1723 Territorial Princess Giovanna II Aragona Pignatelli Cortes of Castelvetrano, Princess of the Holy Roman Empire, Machioness of Avola, Duchess of Terranova and Countess of Borghetto, etc. (Italy)

Daughter of Andrea Fabrizio (?-1677) Duke of Monteleone. Married to Ettore Pignatelli, Marquis del Vaglio. Succeeded by son Prince Diego, Marquis of Valle Oaxaca later Duke of Terranova and Monteleone. She and her husband acquired extensive feudal properties in Southern Italy, in central and western Sicily, in Spain and Mexico. She lived (1666-1723).

1677-99 Countess Sophie Amalie Moth of the County of Samsøe (Denmark)

Official Maitresse of King Christian V, and appointed Lensgrevinde til Samsø til Gevskabet Samsøe (Fiefcountess of Samsoe to the County of Samsoe), and her children with the king were given the surname of Gyldenløve and they became the ancestors of the Danneskiold-Samsøe counts. She lived (1754-99).

1678 Sovereign Duchess Isabella I Gonzaga of Gaustalla (Italy)

When she married Ferdinando Carlo IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantova in 1670, they were promised the succession to the Duchy after her father, Ferrante III, but when he died in 1678, the Duchy was placed under administration and in 1692, Emperor Leopold declared the arrangement illegitimate and granted the feud to her father's cousin, Vincenzo I Gonzaga, who married her younger sister Maria-Vittoria (1659-1707) in 1679. Anna Isabella had no children, and lived (1655-1703).

1678-88 Regent Dowager Landgravine Elisabeth Dorothea von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg of Hessen-Darmstadt (Germany)
1688-1709 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Castle and Administrative Unit of Butzback

Took over as regent for son, Ernst Ludwig (1667-78-1739) after the death of her stepson Ludwig V, who died 18 weeks and 4 days after succeeding her husband, Ludwig IV (1630-61-78). The Imperial Court (Reichskammergericht) demanded that she should reign jointly with a College of Councillors, but she prevented that they could take their oath and they therefore remained subordinate "advisors" to her. During her term in office she only called the Estates (Landtag) 2 times. She worked hard on consolidating the economic and industrial situation of the Landgrave and after she took over the government in her dowry, she advised her son to do the same, but he refused her interference. She also promoted music and culture, and lived (1640-1709).      

1678-93 Regent Countess Dowager Ernestine Barbara Dorothea Sibylle zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg (Germany)

After the death of her husband, Altgraf Erich Adolf, she was in charge of the government in the name of her son Altgraf Franz Wilhelm I von Salm Reifferscheid zu Bedbur (1672-78-1734). She lived (1654-98).

1678-98 Guardian Dowager Countess Anna Dorothea von Ruppa of Reuss zu Untergreiz  (Germany)

After the death of her husband, Heinrich IV, she was guardian for son, Heinrich XIII (1672-1733), who was under the regency of a male relative. She lived (1651-98).

1680-83 Queen of Lai Kha (Myanmar-Burma)

Succeeded her husband, King Saw ne Ya, who reigned the Shan Kingdom (1650-80).

Circa 1680-circa 85 Sultan Nur al-Azam of Sulu (Philippines)

Also known as Pangian Ampay II, she was originally named Siti Cabil or Sittie Kabira, and chosen as the successor by her maternal grandfather, Sultan Muawil Wasit. Not much is known about her reign, Kabira’s name remains in an extended prayer for the Prophets and their descendants and followers in a traditional mosque in Maimbung. Her name is included in the Dalrymple's list of sultans but is not included in the Sulu genealogy, probably because she was a woman.

1680-1701 Regent Dowager Countess Charlotte Amélie de la Trémoïlle of Aldenburg, the Barony of Kniphausen and the Lordships of Varel, Kniphausen and Doorwerth (Germany and the Netherlands)
1680-1732 Lady of Doorwerth (The Netherlands)

After her father, Henri Charles, Duke de La Tremoille, demanded that they converted to Catholism she fled together with her mother, Emilie von Hessen-Kassel. She ended up in Denmark, where her cousin, Charlotte-Amalie, was married to King Christian V. Here she married Count Anton I von Aldenburg und Kniphausen, the illegitimate son of Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and Elisabeth von Ungnad, who had been created Reichsgraf. He had 6 daughters by his first wife, Auguste Johanna von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (1638-66). When he died after 5 months of marriage, she became regent for her unborn child. Her son, Anton II, was born at 26th of June 1681, and was Baron of the semi-independent Reichsfreie Herrlichkeit Kniphausen until his death in 1738, when he was succeeded by his daughter, Charlotte-Sophie von Aldenburg. After he came of age she spent the rest of her life in the castle of Doorwerth in the Netherlands, and lived (1652-1732).

1680-82 Governor Lady Elizabeth de Carteret of Alderney (A Dependency of the English Crown)
1680-82 Lady Proprietrix of East Jersey (in New Jersey, USA)

In charge of her late husband's fiefs in the Channel Islands and America. Her husband - and cousin - Sir Georges de Carteret, was son of Helier de Carteret of St Ouen and in 1643 he succeeded her father (his uncle) Sir Philip Carteret, to the post of bailiff of Jersey, and was appointed by the king lieutenant-governor of the island. After subduing the Parliamentary party in the island, he was commissioned a vice-admiral of Jersey and "the maritime parts adjacent". Parliament branded him as a pirate and excluded him specifically from future amnesty. Prince Charles created him a knight and baronet and in 1650 he was granted "a certain island and adjacent islets near Virginia, in America," which were to be called New Jersey; but no settlement upon this grant was made. After the Restoration in 1660, he was granted the fief of Alderney and he held many other offices at court. His fourth cousin, Philip Carteret, was sent to New Jersey as governor in 1665. The patent of Alderney, she sold to Sir Edmund Le Breton, whom Charles II later appointed Governor of New York, and two years later she sold the land of East Jersey in 1682 to Quakers. She was daughter of Philippe de Carteret, 3rd Seigneur of St. Owen, and Anne Dowse, and lived (1616-96).

1680-86 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth III Albertina von Anhalt-Dessau of Herford (Germany)

Her father, Duke Johann Georg II. von Anhalt-Dessau, had her elected as Reichsäbtissin in order to secure her an income and to influence the Herfordian part of vote in the Bank of Prelates of the Rhine. After she she resigned in order to marry Heinrich von Sachsen-Wissenfels-Barby, she brought a large number of artists and merchants with her to Barby. Of her 8 children, only Georg Albrecht reached adulthood (but had no heirs), 3 were still-born, 3 died as infants, one son at the age of 19. Her sister Johanna Charlotta was Princess-Abbess from 1729. Elisabeth Albertina lived (1665-1706). 

1680-83 Princess-Abbess Anna Sophie II von Hessen-Darmstadt of Quedlinburg (Germany) 

The Landgravine had been second in command of the Abbey-State since 1656 with the title of Pröpstin and Coadjutorin from 1678. Her sister, Elisabeth Amalie Magdalene, was married to the Catholic Count Philipp Wilhelm von der Pfalz-Neuburg and after she converted to this faith, she tried to persuade Anna-Sophia to do the same, but she remained a staunch protestant. 1658 she published the prayer book 'treue Seelenfreund Jesus Christus' (Faithful soulmate of Jesus Christus) with her own texts and songs. She was daughter of Landgrave Georg III von Hessen-Darmstadt, and lived (1638-83).

Widow of the Elector Johann Georg II as his second wife, daughter of Christian zu Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1581-1655) Ermuth Sophie von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, mother of 3 children, and lived (1612-87).

1681-1721 Queen Verónica I Guterres Kangala Kingwanda of N'Dongo and Matamba (Angola and Congo)

Also known as Cangala Quinguanda, she was daughter of King João Guterres Ngola Kanini I. Her brother was killed during a battle that Matamba won against the Portuguese. Nevertheless she decided to treat for peace, signing the agreement with Portugal in 1683. But in 1689 she attacked the Portuguese in Cahenda in the Dembos Region, which was disputed between Ndongo, Kongo, and Portugal. Around 1701, Luca da Caltanisetta, the prefect of the Capuchin mission in Angola wrote to her asking to re-establish the mission which had fallen vacant, but she answered by expressing her concern that "it pained her to see her children die without baptism" but that she was "disgusted with the whites, and she would "not see any of them in her court with the missionaries." She sought once again to expand the kingdom into Portuguese domains in 1706, and it was probably for this reason that she had ambassadors in the court of Kongo's King Pedro IV that year. But her attempts to do this were thwarted, as Portuguese forces were too strong and she abandoned the attempt. Nevertheless, a state of constant low level conflcit between her army and the Portuguese at Ambaca and Cahenda led to the virtual depopulation of the country to the west of Matamba, as the people either fled or were captured and deported to the Americas. Those captured by the Portuguese tended to be sent to Brazil, those captured by her were often sold to Vili merchants, based in the Kingdom of Loango to the north, and subsequently sold to English, Dutch, or French merchants who frequented that coast. She was succeeded by her son, Afonso I Álvares de Pontes. She (d. 1721).

1682 and 1689-94 Regent Dowager Empress Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina of Russia

After the death of her husband, Alexis, she became regent for her stepson, Fyodor III, and held power from 27th of April to the 26th of May, but soon his mother Mariya Ilinichna Miloslavskaya pushed Peter and the Naryshkin circle aside. When Fyodor died childless in 1682, a fierce struggle for power ensued between the Miloslavskys and the Naryshkins: the former wanted to put Fyodor's brother, the delicate and feebleminded Ivan V, on the throne; the Naryshkins stood for the healthy and intelligent Peter. Representatives of the various orders of society, assembled in the Kremlin, declared themselves for Peter, who was then proclaimed tsar, and Natalya became regent again 29th of May until the 29th of June; but the Miloslavsky faction exploited a revolt of the Moscow streltsy, or musketeers of the sovereign's bodyguard, who killed some of Peter's adherents, including Matveyev. Ivan and Peter were then proclaimed joint tsars with Ivan's 25-year-old sister Sophia as regent. After Sophia was deposed, Natalya became regent again. Her name is also transcribed Natal'ya Kirillovna Naryškina, and she lived (1651-94).

1682-86 Tzarevna Regnant Sofiya Aleksyevna Romanova of Russia
1686-89 Autocrat

Grand Duchess Sophia (Царевна Софья Алексеевна Романова) was the daughter of Tsar Alexis and his first wife, Maria Iliyanova Miroslavkaya. She was well educated and noted for her intelligence, energy and ambition. After the death of her brother, Feodor III, she led a group of Miloslavskii boyars in a struggle for power with her stepmother, Natalia Naryshkaina. She was extremely active in internal and foreign policy. Russia concluded "The Eternal Peace" with Poland in 1686, and the Nerchinskii Treaty with China in 1689. There were also two military expeditions to the Crimea. In 1687, the first educational establishment opened in Russia: the Academy of Slavic, Greek and Latin Studies. In 1689 she attempted to seize the Russian throne for herself, but this was repulsed by Peter, and exiled to the Novodevichii Monastery. After an uprising in her name by the guard regiments in 1698 she was forced to become a nun under the name of Susanna and she was put under heavy guard. She lived (1657-1704).  

1682-1717 Queen Regnant Nony Sonbait of Sonbai (Besar) (Indonesia)

Reigned under a number of regents; in the period 1699-1708 the regent of the kingdom in Eastern Timor was Ama Baki. Nony Sonbait lived (circa 1666-1717).

1682-85 and 1689-1705 Regent Dowager Rani Mangammal of Madura (Trichinapali) (India)

Regent for her son, King Mutti Vriappa III (1682/5-89) and when her daughter-in-law committed sati after his death, she also became regent for her 3 months old grandson, Chokkanatha II (1689-1731). Engaged in various wars with neighbouring principalities. With her political ability, diplomatic skill, administrative ability, and cool courage in the face of danger, she was able to maintain the prestige of Madurai. At the same time she introduced a number of administrative and economic reforms. She (died circa 1705).

1683-1719 Princess-Abbess Maria Theresia von Sandizell of Obermünster in Regensburg (Germany)

In charge of a territory that included the Hofmarks (Seigneurities) of Obertraublingen and Oberröhrenbac, the Provosties of Tegenheim, Sallbach, Mettenbach, Langenpreising, Grosshausen and Ottmaring and a member of farms all over Bavaria and circa 100 in the surroundings of Regensburg and also owned a substantial number of houses within the city. 1704 she started the modernization and rebuilding of the Church and the Abbey-buildings in Baroque style.

1683-84 Designate Princess-Abbess Anna Dorothea von Holstein-Gottorp of Quedlinburg (Germany)

1684/90-85/91 Titular Senior Rani of Attingal in Travancore (India)

The family follows matrilineal inheritance, according to male primogeniture. The two senior Princesses of the Royal House, the mother of the Maharaja and her sister, received the principality of Attingal in appanage, and were styled the Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal.

Around 1684/90-after 1718 Titular Junior Rani Kartika Tirunal of Attingal in Travancore (India)

Sister of the Senior Rani.

1684-1706 Religious Leader and Prophet Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita in Congo

Portuguese forces had defeated the Kongo, the Christianity of Afonso I had fallen into syncretism, a mix of Christian and African traditional religions, and three ruling families contended for power. Into this political and cultural vacuum a number of messianic prophets arose to proclaim their socio-religious visions. The most important of these was Kimpa Vita, a young girl who believed herself possessed by the spirit of St. Anthony of Padua, a popular Catholic saint and miracle worker. She began preaching in the Congolese city of San Salvador, which she said God wished restored as the capital. Her call to unity drew strong support among the peasants, who flocked to the city, which Kimpa identified as the biblical Bethlehem. She told her followers that Jesus, Mary and other Christian saints were really Congolese. Kimpa conspired with the general of Pedro IV, one of the contenders for the throne, but she was captured. Both Kimpa and her baby - conceived by her "guardian angel" - were burned at the stake for heresy, at the instigation of Capuchin missionaries. The Antonian movement, which Kimpa began, outlasted her. The Kongo king Pedro IV used it to unify and renew his kingdom. She was burned at the stake in 1706.

1684-1700 Politically Active Electress Sophie Charlotte von Hannover in Brandenburg (Germany)

During most of her marriage she sought to influence her husband, Electoral Prince Friedrich III (King of Preußen in 1701), even though the couple grew apart over the years. She was a vivacious woman, who loved the court life, entertaining, parties, music, acting, philosophical and cultural salons where as her husband was strongly pietistic and did not enjoy the court life. She is thought to have been instrumental in the downfall of the Oberpräsident (Head President) Eberhard von Danckelmann in 1697. After her husband became King of Preussen and she was crowned as Queen in 1701 she did not seek political influence any more but continued her splendid life at court until her death. The daughter of Ernst August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, who later became Elector of Hannover and Sophie von der Pfalz, who was named heir to the British throne in 1701, she was mother of two sons, and lived (1668-1705).

1685-97 Regent the Bendahara Paduka Raja of Johor (Malaysia)

Widow of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Yam Tuan Muda Raja Bajau, Sultan of Johor, Pahang and Lingga and regent for son H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Johor, Pahang and Lingga (1685-99) until her own death in 1697.

1685-91 Princess-Abbess Agathe Juliane von Steprod of Keppel (Germany)

Since it had been re-opened in 1650 as double-domination chapter, it had been ruled by a succession of Protestant and Catholic Abbesses. She therefore succeeded the Catholic Johanna Maria von Holdinghausen.

1686-1709 Sovereign Duchess Anne de Rohan-Chabot of Rohan-Porhoët and León (France)

Daughter of Marguerite de Rohan-Frontenay, sovereign Duchess of Rohan from 1638, and Henri Chabot, who was created Duke of Rohan in 1648. Married to François de Soubise. 

1686-98 Regent Dowager Duchess Anna Dorothea von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen of Reuss zu Gera (Germany)

The widow of Heinrich IV, she was joint regent with another relative, Heinrich I of Reuss zu Schleiz, during the minority of Heinrich XVIII. She was mother of 8 sons, all named Heinrich as all males in the Reuss-family: Heinrich XIII, (1673-74), Heinrich XIV (1674) Heinrich XVI (1676-77), Heinrich XVIII, Graf Reuss von Gera (1686-1735) (167-1735), Heinrich XX (1678-89), Heinrich (1680-1731) (whose son, Heinrich XXIV succeeded Heinrich XVIII in 1735) and of Heinrich XXVII (1683-1706), and she lived (1645-1716). 

1686-88 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth IV zu Hessen-Kassel of Herford (Germany)

Elected Abbess after the resignation of Elisabeth II. She was the 11th child of Wilhelm of Hessen-Kassel and Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münsterberg, and lived (1634-88).

1686-1715 Princess-Abbess Anne Leonore d'Aspremont-Lynden of Munsterbilzen, Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium)

Elected as successor of her aunt, Isabella Hendrika d'Aspremont-Lynden (Isabelle Henriette), she was an ambitious and despotic woman, and used royal symbols in her seal and engaged in disputes with the Prince-Bishop of Liège, who forbade her to use the title of Princess and forbade the inhabitants in her territory to accept her as sovereign Lady. As a result she forbade them to pay taxes to the bishop and in 1713 she denied Austrian troops the right to collect supplies, and she also refused to accept the emperor's demand that she acknowledge the bishop as her overlord. She was daughter of Count Ferdinand d'Aspremont-Lynden and Elisabeth von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg. (d. 1715).

1686-1715 Politically influential Marchioness Françoise de Maintenon in France

In 1652 Françoise d'Aubigne married Scarron and entered the Literary Salons of Paris. In 1669 she became governess to the children of Louis XIV by Madame de Montespan, much to the dissatisfaction of the king, who did not like the extreme gravity and reserve of the young widow. Françoise's talents and wisdom soon attracted Louis' attention, and she became his confidant and adviser, and was made a marchioness. She refused to become his mistress, and in 1686 she married Louis to the "left hand" in a morganatic marriage, and exercised a disastrous influence on him, encouraging a reactionary politics. She lived (1635-1719).

1686-1728 Politically influential Duchess Elżbieta Sieniawska in Poland

Daughter of Stanisław Lubomirski and Zofia Opalińska. Since 1686 she was married to Voivode Adam Hieronim Sieniawski of Belz. After the death of king Jan III Sobieski in 1696 she was the leader of the pro-France party in Poland. She also fought for her the Hungarian Throne for her lover prince Franiszek II Rakocsy. She was sometimes called  "The First Lady of the Republic of Poland". She lived (1667-1728).

1687-89 Regent Dowager Duchess Christine von Hessen-Eschwege of Braunschweig-Bevern (Germany)

Following the death of her husband, Ferdinand Albrecht I von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern  (1636-87), she was in charge of the regency in the name of her son Ferdinand Albrecht II (1680-1735), who married Antoniette Amalia, the daughter of his cousin, Ludwig Rudolph Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1671-1735), and succeeded him shortly before his own death. She was mother of 9 children and lived (1648-1702).

1687-91 Regent Dowager Sultana Mariyam Kaba'afa'anu Rani Kilege of the Maldive Islands

After the having poisoned her husband, Iskander Ibrahim, she became regent for their infant son, Sultan Muhammad I. She was killed off Dunidu Island when a spark from a victory salute blew up a powder magazine, destroying the royal vessel in which she was sailing. Her son died shortly after of the wounds he received in the explosion that killed his mother.

1687-1707 Sovereign Princess Marguerite de Créquy of Poix (France)

Only daughter of Charles de Créquy, who had Poix raised to a duchy under the name of Créquy in 1652, but the title died with him in 1687. Poix became a principality again and passed through to Charles-Belgique-Hollande de La Trémoïlle, duc de Thouars, who sold Poix in 1718 to the widow of Jean-François, marquis de Noailles.

1687-89 Saliha Dilaşub Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balkans, parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa)

1687-1700 Princess-Abbess Maria Barbara IV Hager of Heggbach (Germany)

In 1689 the major part of the chapter fled for the passing French troops led by General Mélac. But she managed to renovate church of the chapter in baroque style, even though it lead to an economical crisis in the territory. During a number of years Prioress Maria Antonia Motz lead an internal opposition against her and she was forced to resign. (d. 1715).

1687-1725 Princess-Abbess Maria Williburg Frey of Rottenmünster (Germany)

Rebuilt the main building of the chapter.

1688-99 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Zinat ud-din Kamalat Shah binti al-Marhum Raja Umar of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia)

The last of four consecutive female rulers, she succeeded her sister-in-law, sultana Zaqiyat. At the time of her election, Islamic opposition increasingly made common cause with dynastic and anti-commercial factors, and in the 1690s a mission was sent to Mecca to obtain a fatwa against female rule. The opposition to the established system became politically stronger as the trade wealth of the merchant-aristocrats diminished with Aceh's gradually less central role as enter-port. The eventual beneficiaries from the upheavals of 1699, however, were not the Panglima Polem family but a Hadramaut Arab dynasty. Its advent inaugurated a time of grave instability for Aceh, which never recovered the orderly reputation the queens had given it. She was born as Putri Raja Setia and was great-granddaughter of Sultan Mukmin, who ruled 1579. She was deposed by Sayyid Ibrahim Habib who married her and assumed the Sultanate. They had two sons who both became sultans.

1688 Regent Queen Li Samdach Brhat Bhagavathi Sri Parama Chakrapati Kshatriyi of Cambodia

Born as H.H. Princess (Brhat Anak Anga) Li, daughter of H.M. Brhat Bat Machas Brhat Dharmanath Prabhunatha Maha Upayuvaraja Parama Raja – also known as king Paramaraja VIII. First married her half brother King Pramaraja IX, who was killed in 1672, and secondly married to her nephew, King Jaya Jatha III. She was granted the rank of Queen with the title of Samdach Brhat Bhagavathi Sri Parama Chakrapati Kshatriyi in 1688, when she acted as regent for husband.

1688-1722 Princess-Abbess Anna IX Thanner of Baindt (Germany)

In the year Maria Anna Thanner (or Tanner) was elected as head of the ecclesiastical territory, the ladies of the chapter fled the approaching French troops and sought refuge by the Bodenzee, but returned not long after.

1688-1728 Princess-Abbess Charlotte Sophia von Kurland of Herford (Germany)

The stewards of the City of Herford, the Electors Brandenburg, had occupied the city since 1647 and deprived it of its position of a City of the Realm, but in 1695 Elector Friederich III recognized this position for the Chapter of Herford and King Friederich I confirmed this in 1705. 1702 she send a messenger to King Karl XII of Sweden at the seige of Thorn in the Netherlands to get the money that her brother, Duke Ferdinand owed her. She was engaged in deep disputes with the other members of the Chapter and in 1703 she moved to the Chapter of Vreden, where she resided until her death. She was the youngest daughter of Jakob von Kettler, Duke of Courland and Livonia (Livland) (1640-82), and Luise Charlotte von Brandenburg (1617-76), and lived (1651-1728).

1688-89 Acting Princess-Abbess Maria Franziska Truchsess von Walburg-Trauchburg of Essen (Germany)

Had hoped to become Princess-Abbess in 1689 but was not a candidate in the elections that Anna Salome II won over Bernhardine Sophia von Ostfriesland. Maria Franziska was Pröbstin until her death in 1693.

1689-94 HM Mary II Stuart, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England and Ireland (United Kingdom)

Her father, James III, had converted to Catholism and had been banned from the country various times. After his succession in 1685 he became increasingly absolutistic and favoured Catholics. In 1688 his first surviving son was born after 15 years of marriage to Maria Beatrice d'Este of Modena. The new Prince of Wales, James Francis Edward was baptized in the Catholic rites, and soon a riot followed and Mary's husband, Willem III van Oranje, the Stadtholder of the Netherlands, invaded the country. James III fled the country and the Parliament excluded Catholics from the succession and elected Mary and Willem as joint sovereigns. They accepted a Declaration of Rights (later a Bill), drawn up by a Convention of Parliament, which limited the Sovereign's power, reaffirmed Parliament's claim to control taxation and legislation, and provided guarantees against the abuse of power. While her husband was directing military campaigns in Ireland and on the Continent, Mary administered the government in her own name, but she relied entirely on his advice. In the periods when he was in England she willingly retired from politics. She was, however, actively concerned with ecclesiastical appointments. Mary became sterile following complications after her first pregnancy ended in an abortion. She died of smallpox, and was succeeded by her husband, who later was succeeded by her sister, Anne. Mary lived (1662-94).

1689-1705 Regent Dowager Rani Mangammal of Madrai (India)

When her son, Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayak died, her daugter-in-law was pregnant, and when she committed sati (was burned), Mangammal became regent for her regent grandson, Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha, who was crowned at the age of 3 months, ruling with an Advisory Council. She was a popular administrator and is still widely remembered as a maker of roads and avenues, and a builder of temples, tanks and choultries with many of her public works still in use. She is also known for her diplomatic and political skills and successful military campaigns. She was widow of king Chokkanatha, and (d. 1705).

1689-1723 Sovereign Duchess Anna Henrietta Julia de Bavière of Guise, Princesse de Joinville  (France)

Succeeded a distant cousin, Marie de Lorraine, who by an act of 1686 had left Guise and Joinville to Charles de Stainville, comte de Couvonges, but this donation was voided by the Parlement de Paris in 1689, and Anna Henrietta Julia, second daughter of the prince Palatine, succeeded to the title. She was married to prince Henri-Jules de Bourbon-Condé, and the duchy was raised to the peerage again for them and their descendants in 1704. Anne Henriette Julie von Bayern was member of the Pfalz-Simmeren-sideline, and father became Kurfürst of Bavaria. She lived (1648-1723).   

Until 1689 Captain-General Mariana de Lencastre Vasconcelos e Camara of Funchal in Maidera (Portugal)

Also 2nd Condessa de Castelo Melhor, and daughter of Simão Gonçalves da Camara, 3rd. conde da Calheta and Hereditary Captain-General (Governor) and Margarida de Menezes Vasconcelos. She succeeded brother, João V Gonçalves da Câmara, who died without issue. She was married João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, senhor de Valhelhas, was a lady-of-the court of Queen Maria Francisca de Sabóia, and was succeeded by son, Luís de Vasconcelos e Câmara. Mother of 8 children, and lived (1615-89).

1689-1720 Princess-Abbess Maria-Magdalena von Hallwyl von Herblingen of Lindau (Germany)

Member of a family of Counts of the Realm (Reichsgraf), which originated in Aargau in Switzerland, but settled both in Germany and Sweden among others. 

1689-92 and 1696-98 Reigning Abbess-General Teresa Orense of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)

1689-98 Regent Dowager Princess Marie Clara van Berg of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Germany)
1712-15 Hereditary Countess of Berg-s'Heerenberg, Lady of Boxmeer, Bergh, Diksmuide, Gendringen, Etten, Wisch, Pannerden and Millingen (Netherlands)

After the death of her husband, Maximilian von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, she was regent for their son Prince and Count Meinrad II Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1673-1715) together with her brother-in-law and 1695 she made the agreement with Elector Friederich III von Brandenburg on the succession in the Principality of Hohenzollern. When her brother died her second grandson, Franz Wilhelm Nikolaus, was created Count zum Bergh und Hohenzollern in 1712 af, with his mother, Johanna Katharina von Montfort as regent until 1722. Marie Clara lived (1635-1715).

1690-1734 Joint Sovereign Countess Juliana Dorothea I von Limpurg-Gaildorf of 24/48th of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Wurmbradische Antheil) (Germany)

According to the will of her father, Count Wilhelm Heinrich von Limpurg-Gaildorf , she inherited parts of the county jointly with her sisters. 1707 she and her surviving sister Wilhelmina Christina decided to divide their half of the Town of Gaildorf and other possessions. But it was not until after the death of the last male member of the family that they were able to take up their inheritance in 1713. They also managed to protect their claims from the King of Prussia who had been named heir to by the brother of the last  Schenk Vollrat, after a long court case before the Reichshofrat. No one disputed the right of the King to the Imperial Fiefs (Reichslehen) of Limpurg or those of the two sisters in the other fiefs, lands, estates and rights, the dispute was about the right to a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet and Circles (Reichs- and Kreistagen) as well as the "Reichsstandschaft" and sovereignty (Landesherrschaft). The two sisters were not content with just administering the estates and lands; from the beginning they saw themselves as "Reigning Countesses of the Realm in Limpurg (Regierende Reichsgräfinnen) with all the attached rights, including the right to be present at the Imperial Diet and the Frankish Circle. Prussia disputed this and had the vote of Limpurg suspended. Both the Countesses and Emperor protested and in 1721 a settlement was reached which granted them the right to sit in the two assemblies. She married Eucharius Kasimir von Löwenstein-Wertheim (d. 1698) and Johann-Wilhelm von Würmbrand-Stuppach, the President of the Council of the Court of the Realm (Reichshofratspräsident) and Advisor of the Austrian Emperor. She was succeeded by her daughters, Juliana Dorothea II von Löwenstein (1794-1734) and Maria Margaretha Leopoldine von Wurmbrand (1702-56), who married her cousin, Wilhelm Karl Ludwig von Solms-Assenheim. Juliana Dorothea lived (1677-1734).

1690-1705 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophia Elisabeth von Limpurg-Gaildorf of a portion of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany)

Youngest daughter of Count Wilhelm Heinrich von Limpurg-Gaildorf. A source describes the homage of the condomial lordship of Wurmbrand and Solm-Assenheim after the death of her sister, -12 Charlotte and herself (Erbhuldigung auf die Kondominalherrschaften von Wurmbrand und von Solms-Assenheim nach dem Tode der Gräfinnen Juliana Charlotta und Sophia Elisabetha von Limpurg-Gaildorf). She lived (1688-1705).

1690-93 Member of the Council of State Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark of Sweden

1690-1706 Princess-Abbess Eleonora Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort of Thorn (The Netherlands)

Daughter of Ferdinand Karl von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Countess Anna Maria von Fürstenberg, and lived (1653- 1706).

1691-1726 Princess-Abbess Bernhardina Sophia von Ostfriesland und Rietberg of Essen (Germany)

Reigned her ecclesiastical small state, an independent enclave within Prussia, as a very confident sovereign, who advocated a doctrinarian absolutism, and limited the influence of the Estates. She also promoted the Order of the Contregatio Baetae Mariae Virginis. She was daughter of Johann IV, Count of Ostfriesland und Rietberg and Anna Catharina von Salm-Reifferscheid. Her niece, Maria Ernestine Franziska, was Sovereign Countess von Ostfriesland and Rietberg (1690-1758). Bernhardina Sophia lived (1654-1726).

1691 Regent Dowager Countess Susanna Sophia von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Germany)

During the process of her confirmation as regent, the city of Speyer was destroyed and the next agnate (male member of the family), Count Eucharius Casimir von Löwenstein asked to become co-guardian of her son, Heinrich Friedrich (1682-1721), but she had designated Albrecht Wolfgang von Hohenloe-Langenburg as the co-guardian, and he was confirmed by the Court of the Realm (Reichsgericht). She was widow of Friedrich Eberhard zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (1629-83), and her son was married to the joint sovereign Countess Amöne Sophie von Limpurg (1684-1746). Susanna lived (1646-91).

1691-1717 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Electress Anna Sophie af Danmark of Castle and Administrative Unit of Lichtenberg auf bei Prettin in Sachsen (Germany)

A very staunch protestant, she supported her daughter-in-law Christiane Eberhardine von Brandenburg-Bayreuth in her decision not to convert to Catholism and join her son, Friederich August, who had converted in order to become King of Poland. She been given castle at the time of her marriage in 1666, and her sister, Wilhelmina Ernestina (1650-1706), the widow of Kurfürst Karl II of Hannover (1651-85), lived here from 1685 until her death. They were daughters of King Frederik 3. of Denmark and Norway and Sofie-Amalie of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and was mother of two sons, and lived (1647-1717).

1692-? The Iyoba of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria)

Mother of Oreoghenen, who ruled 1689-1700. And as Queen Mother she was a senior town chief. She lived in her own palace outside the capital.  She did not appear in public and did not have an official role in the political system, but she was always "consulted" by important political decisions, and her vote was necessary in the political decision process. As widow of the former king and mother of the present, she was given semi-male status. She had a "wife" with the title of Amoda; she was surrounded by Amada, naked boys and has a whole court of officeholders. 

1692-97 Administrator Dowager Hereditary Princess Charlotte Friederike von der Pfalz-Zweibrücken in Landsberg in the Palentine (Germany) 

Also known Charlotte Friedericke, Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein zu Zweibrücken, she was the widow of Hereditary Prince (Erbprinz) Wilhelm Ludwig of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Landsberg (1648-75), whose father, Friederich Ludwig died in 1681, and she was appointed administrator of the territory of Landsberg by King Karl XI of Sweden, who was of the line of Pfalz-Kleeburg. She was daughter of Friederich, Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken, and mother of 2 sons and a daughter who all died in infancy, and lived (1653-1712).

1692-1701 Reigning Dowager Lady Christiana von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg of the Castle and Administrative Units of Delitzsch and Sangerhausen in Sachsen-Merseburg (Germany)

Another version of her title was Holsten-Glücksborg, and she administered the castle as her dowry after the death of her husband, Christian I von Sachsen-Merseburg (1615-57-91). When she moved to the castle with her court, she initiated the creation of a modern baroque-garden. She lived (1634-1701).

1692-1719 Politically Influential Princess Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé in France

The wife of, the Duke of Maine, the natural son of Louis XVI, she was both intelligent and energetic, and very influential at court. She took part of the conspiracies in 1718 organized by the Cardinal of Polignac against the Regent with the aim of placing Philippe V of Spain on the throne of France and the Duc du Maine regent in his absence. (1676-1753).

1692-1717 Princess-Abbess Anna Elisabeth von der Hees of Keppel (Germany)            

A Catholic, she was elected as successor to the Protestant Agathe von Steprodt as head of the Chapter of Käppel, which was founded around 1390. The abbess was Reichsfürstin and a one of the joint members of the Ecclesiastical Bank of the Diet of the Empire.

1692-93 Princess-Abbess Maria-Franziska II Truchsess von Zeil-Wurzach of Buchau (Germany)

Daughter of Johann Jakob von Zeil-Wurzach and Johanna von Wolckenstein-Trostburg, and elected as Fürstäbtissin at 14.10.1692, proclaimed at 4.11 and confirmed by the bishop at 10.11, at a time when she was already 62 years old. She had been canoness in both Buchau, Essen and Sankt Ursula in Köln, since 1648. She did not participate in the election of her predecessor Maria-Theresia I, but excused herself. In 1673 she was refused when she wanted to take over her job in Buchau - in the meantime she had also become Deaconess in Essen - because all positions had already been filled, and the difficult financial situation in the Chapter did not permit any additional office-holders. She then stayed in Essen and became Archdeacon (Pröbstin), but was denied the right to run for the post of Fürstäbtissin there in 1689 because she was not member of a Swabian noble family. She lived (1630-93).

1692-95, 1701-04, 1707-10 and 1714-15 Reigning Abbess-General Ana Jerónima Guerrero y Contreras of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)

1693-1742 Princess-Abbess Maria-Theresia II von Montfort of Buchau (Germany)

A former Lady of the Chapel of Essen, she was a master builder, and consolidated the position of the territory. She changed the liturgy of the service in her church and defended her own ecclesiastical position and head of the clergy of the Chapter against the Bishop of Konstanz. She was listed among the Worldly Princes and Stifts in the Swabian Circle - 1793, 1796, 1799 and also mentioned as the 12th ranking prelate. The daughter of Count Johann VIII von Montfort-Tettnang and Anna Katharina von Sulz, she lived (1663-1742).

1693-1713  Princess-Abbess Henriette Christine von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Gandersheim (Germany)

Resigned after having given birth to a child the year before, converted to the Catholic faith and became a nun in a convent in Roermond. She was daughter of Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Elisabeth -12 von Holstein-Norburg, and lived (1669-1753).

1693-1718 Princess-Abbess Maria Regina von Ostein of Säckingen (Germany)

In spite of the high contributions that the chapter had to pay in the succession wars of the Palentine and Spain, she continued the rebuilding of the church that had burned down in 1678. Daughter of Johann Jakob von Ostein, Councillor of the Prince-Bishop of Basel and Anna Maria von Kippenhem, and lived (1643-1718).

1693-97 Princess-Abbess Regina Recordin von Rein und Hamberg of Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany)

Elected as successor of Maria Theresia von Muggenthal. 

1693-98 Regent Dowager Princess Henriëtte Catharina van Oranje-Nassau of Anhalt-Dessau (Germany)
1798-1708 Temporary in charge of the Government

Also known as Henriette Katharina, she was widow of Fürst Johann Georg III (1627-60-93) and governed in the name of her son, Leopold I (The old Dessauer) (1676-93-1747), she continued his financial and fiscal reforms. Like her husband, Leopold entered the army of Brandenburg and spend most of his time away from the Principality leaving her in charge of the government. She founded a number of charitable foundations, and lived (1637-1708).

1693 Regent Dowager Countess Anna Katharina von Nassau-Saarbrücken-Ottweiler of Salm-Dhaun (Germany)

In charge of the government in the name of her son, Wild- und Rheingraf Karl (1693-1733). She lived (1653-1731).

1694-1705 Regent Dowager Countess Hedwig Sophie zu Lippe-Brake of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Germany) 

After the death of her husband, Count Ludwig Franz (1660-1694), she took over the regency for son, Casimir (1687-1741) with her brother, Count Rudolf zur Lippe-Brake, as co-guardian. She was dominated by Pietistic Protestantism, and she used much energy rebuilding the country that was still devastated by the consequences by the Thirty Years War. She lived (1669-1738).

1695-1705 Regent Dowager Princess Bilas Devi of Guler (India)

For Dalip Singh who was ruler of the Hill State in the Punjab.

Circa 1695-1704 Politically Influential Dowager Duchess Frederikke Amalie af Denmark of Holstein-Gottorp (Germany)
1695-1704 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Office and Castle of Kiel

She must have had some kind of political influence after the death of her husband Duke Christian Albrecht of Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp in 1695 and not the least after her son; Friedrich  (1671-1702) married Princess Hedvig Sofia of Sweden in 1698 and spend some time in her country. Federikke Amalie also visited her sister, Queen Ulrike Eleonora in Stockholm. After her son was killed in battle, Hedvig Sofia became regent, but stayed in Sweden. Frederikke was daughter of king Frederik 5 of Denmark, mother of two sons and one daughter, Marie Elisabeth, who was been Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg until her death in 1755, and lived (1649-1704).

1695-1715 Mah-Para Rabia Gülnüş Ümmetüllah Ummetulla Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balkans, parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa)

After the death her of her husband, Mehmet IV in 1687, she was confined to the Old Seray, but when her sons Mustafa II (1695-1703) and Ahmed III (1703-30) came to the throne she became Queen Mother. She did not play any major role during their reigns, but she was asked to approve and authorize the replacement of Mustafa by Ahmed, which she did. As the senior representative of the dynasty, her approval was considered to be imperative. Either of Cretan origin or daughter of the Venetian Retimo Verzizzi, she lived (1647-1715). 

From 1695 Extraordinary Representative Teresa z Gosiewskich Słuszkowa to Bavaria (Germany)

As "Extraordinary representative" she had the plenipotentiaries to represent the King Jan III Sobieski and Queen Maria Kazimiera on the Bavarian Court. The former governess of Therese Kunigunde Sobieska - later regent of Bavaria - and very close political ally of Queen Maria Kazimiera d'Arquien of Poland. A Polish magnate, she was first married to Józef Bogusław Słuszka and secondly to Kazimierz Jan Sapieha. (d. 1708).

1696-1708 Regent Dowager Princess Henriëtte Amalia Maria von Anhalt-Dessau of Nassau in Diez (Germany)
1696-1708 Governess-General of Friesland, Groningen and Drente (The Netherlands)

Following the death of her husband, Hendrik Casimir II, she acted as regent for son, Johan Wilhelm Friso (1697-1711). She was daughter of Johan Georg II von Anhalt-Dessau and Henriette Catharina van Oranje-Nassau, who had acted as regent for her brother. She lived (1666-1726).    

1696-98 De facto Royal Representative mTsho-skyes rDorje of Bhutan

Succeeded rGyal-thab bsTan-'dz Rabs-rygas, who was royal representative 1651-95/96 in succession to her grandfather, who had been ruler 1616-51. She was succeeded by rGyal-s'ras sPrul-sku Kul-gd-'a rGyal-mtshan (1689-98-1712-13).

1696-1713 Sovereign Duchess Françoise de Narbonne of Angoulême (France)

The widow of Charles de Valois, Duc d’Angoulême (1573-1650), she took over the Duchy after the death of his son Louis Emanuel and granddaughter, Marie Françoise de Valois. Françoise lived (1621-1713).

1696-1718 Princess-Abbess Maria Viktoria Hochwind of Gutenzell (Germany)

As a Swabian Fiefholder, she exercised the High Court-right of the Marshallate of Swabia until 1717.

1696-1701 Titular Head of the Moctezuma Dynasty of the Kingdom of Tecnochtitlan Doña Maria Geronima Tesifon de Moctezuma y Jofre, III. Condesa de Moctezuma (Mexico)

Married to Don Jose Sarmiento Valladares, Viceroy of Mexico (1643-97-1701) and after her death, King Carlos II gave him the right to use the title of Conde de Moctezuma de Tultengo. Succeeded by two daughters, Fausta and Melchora.

1697-1717 Sovereign Margravine Bianca Maria Sforza of Caravaggio, Countess of Galliate (Italy)

After the death of her father, Francesco III Sforza di Caravaggio, the succession to the Marchionate was disbuted and it was not until 1712 she was officially invested with the title by the Holy Roman Empire with a reminder for the succession of her future children. She was married to the Austrian count Giovanni Guglielmo Edmondo di Sinzendorf-Neuburg (Graf Johann Wilhelm Edmund von Sinzendorf) and died following complications at the birth of her only child and successor, Bianca Maria di Sinzendorf, who succeeded as marchesa di Caravaggio e contessa di Galliate (1717-1783). Bianca-Maria I Sforza di Caravaggio lived (1697-1717).

1697-1717 Regent Dowager Countess Henriette Amalie von Friesen of Reuss-Obergreiz and Reuss-Dölau (Germany)

Reigned in the name of Heinrich I (1693-97-1714) and Heinrich II (1696-97-1722) who also became Joint Counts of Reuss-Dölau in 1698. After her husband's death she moved to Dresden and lead a successful "Political Salon" which some contemporary sources considered to have been more important than the the Saxon ministries, and some of the mistresses of August II, Aurora von Königsmarck, the Princess of Teschen were fequent guests. She is supposed to have had a relationship to the Stadtholder of Dresden, Prince Anton Egon von Fürstenberg. She was daughter of Freiherrn Heinrich von Friesen and Gräfin Maria Margaretha von Luetzelburg geboren. She lived (1668-1732).

1697-1723 Princess-Abbess Johanna Franziska Sibylla von Muggenthal of Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany)

Chosen as successor of Regina Recordin von Nein-Hamberg. 

1698-1700 Regent The Sisodia Maharani Sahiba of Bikander (India)

Widow of Maharaja Sri Anup Singhji Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner and regent for her son who became ruler of the Punjabi principality. 

1698-1720 Sovereign Duchess Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé Conti of Bourbon (France)

Daughter of François-Louis de Condé, Duke of Conti and Marie-Therese de Bourbon-Conti. She was 4th in line for the Stuart-throne of England and Scotland, and lived (1666-1732).

1698-1701 and 1710-11 Reigning Abbess-General Ana Inés de Osio y Mendoza of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)

1698-1714 Politically Active Dowager Electress Sophia von Hanover in Great Britain
1701-14 Heiress Apparent to the British Throne

Since the 'glorious revolution' in 1689 and the accession to the British throne of her cousins Mary II and Anne she has been presumed heir to the kingdom even though about 50 Catholic relatives with superior hereditary claims, she was the closest protestant member of the family as the daughter of Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662) and Elector Friedrich V of Pfalz-Simmeren - known as the 'Winter King' of Bohemia. She grew up in the Netherlands and in Heidelberg in Pfalz after her father's Electorate was restored. She married Ernst August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, who was prince-bishop of Osnabrück from 1661, Duke of Lüneburg-Calenberg from 1679, and first elector of Hannover. During his lifetime she was not politically active and concentrated on intellectual and cultural endeavours and the establishment of large Baroque gardens. She also became the good friend and confidant of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the court Librarian and Privy Counsellor, who by then also had a world-wide reputation as philosopher, physicist, theologian, and mathematician, who among others advocated her case in London for a clear settlement of her as heir to the British throne, and through the Act of Settlement, which declared that the English crown would settle upon "the most excellent princess Sophia, Electress and duchess-dowager of Hanover" and "the heirs of her body, being Protestant." As the Heir Presumptive she was also active in English politics for the remaining years of her life, but she died only a few weeks before Queen Anne, who was succeeded by her son, George. Sophia's sister Elisabeth von der Pfalz, was Princess-Abbess of Herford from 1667, she was mother of 5 surviving sons and 1 daughter, and lived (1630-1714).

1699-1700 Regent Dowager Princess Anna-Maria Arduino e Furnari of Elba and Piombino, Populonia, Venosa, Conza etc.  (Italy)

After the death of her husband, Don Giovanni Battista I Ludovici (1647-99), Principe regnante di Piombino e dell’Isola d’Elba etc, she was regent for her son, Niccolò, and after his death in 1699 for her sister-in-law Olimpia, who remained in the convent until her death in November 1700 and was succeeded by her sister, Ippolita. Anna-Maria died one month later. She was daughter of Don Paolo Arduino e Patti, Principe di Palizzi, Marchese della Floresta, Barone di Placabaiana e Signore di Grassura. She (d. 1700).

1699-1708 Regent Ama Baki of Sonbait of Sonbai (Besar) (Indonesia)

Followed Ama Bobo as regent for Queen Nony Sonbait.