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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1640-1670
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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Around 1640 Queen Regnant Pea of Morning (Myanmar-Burma) |
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Today Morning is a village in the Caching State, in northern or
"upper" Burma, inhabited by an ethnic Thai people. |
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Circa 1640-46 Sawbaw Saw Nin Mein of Wuntho (Myanmar-Burma)
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She was daughter of
the former Prince of the Sharen state, married
Thankin Kaw Nyo, Prince of a Karen
State, around 1616 and reigned after his death. |
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Circa
1640
ca. 1660 Moäng Ratu Dona Maria Ximenes da Silva of Sikka
(Indonesia) |
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Succeeded
her brother Moäng Ratu Pitang (alias Kapitan) as ruler of the Roman
Catholic principality on the island of Flores. She was a daughter of
the first Moäng Ratu or King of Sikka, Don Alesu da Silva (or Alexius
Ximenes da Silva) who had converted to Christianity after meeting the
Portuguese in Malacca. He established the principality around 1580.
She was succeeded by her full cousin Moäng Ratu Don Simao (Samaoh),
who was the son of her father's sister Lise. |
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1640-44 Regent Queen Isabel de
Borbón of Spain |
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In charge of the government when her husband,
Felipe IV was engaged in the Catalan Revolt supported the Duke of Nochera against the
Count-Duke of Olivares in favour of an honourable withdrawal.
Of her 6 daughters, 5 died in infancy
and her son died in 1646 at the age of 16. Therefore her husband was
succeeded by his son, Carlos II, by his second wife and niece,
Mariana d'Austria, who was regent from 1665. After Carlos' death in
1700, the son of her daughter, Marie-Therese (1638-84), Queen of
France, became King of Spain after a war of Succession. Born as
Élisabeth de Bourbon, she was eldest daughter of King Henri IV of
France and Queen Marie de' Medici, and lived (1602-44). |
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1640-46 Sovereign Countess Elisabeth zur Lippe-Alverdissen of
Schaumburg with the Administrative Offices of Stadthagen, Bückeburg,
Arensburg and Hagenburg (Germany) |
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Succeeded her son, Count Otto von Holstein-Schaumburg, who died 1640 without issue.
In 1643 she transferred her rights to her brother Count Philip zur
Lippe-Alverdissen, and ruled with him as co-regent till her death three years
later. His descendants assumed the name Schaumburg-Lippe.
(d. 1643). |
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1640-49 Princess-Abbess Sedonia von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst of
Herford (Germany) |
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Also known as Sidonie, she joined the representative of the city in
the protests against Brandenburg's occupation of the City during the
30 Years War, but the troops stayed. She
resigned in 1649 and married Duke August Philip von
Schleswig-Holstein-Sřnderborg-Beck (1612-27-75), whose second wife was
Marie Sibylle von Nassau-Saarbrücken und Ottweiler (1628-99). Sedonia
was daughter of Anton II von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and Sibylle
Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Danneberg, and her sister, Katherine
Elisabeth, was sovereign of Gandersheim (1625-49).
She lived
(1611-50). |
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1640-57
Princess-Abbess
Maria Johanna von Kollonitsch
of
Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
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Her family originally came from Croatia and moved to Austria in the 15th century
and were given a Countly title, held high offices in the army or in the church.
She was a great promoter of the chapter and it's art, which is still famous. |
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1641-75 H.H.
Paduka Sri Sultana Ratu Safiat ud-din Taj ul-'Alam Shah Johan
Berdaulat Zillu'llahi fi'l-'Alam binti al-Marhum Sri Sultan Iskandar
Muda Mahkota Alam Shah, Sultana of Aceh (North Sumatra)
(Indonesia) |
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Her
father Sultan Iskandar Muda extended Aceh's sway to most of the
Malayan Peninsula and the coastal regions of the northern half of
Sumatra. Internally he was a scourge to the mercantile elite,
concentrating power, property and trade in his own hands by a series
of tyrannical devices. Her husband was adopted as his heir and
succeeded as Sultan Iskandar Thani 1637-41. After his death, some days
of dispute among the leading factions in the capital led to her
elevation to the throne. Under her rule the state was orderly and
prosperous, with a climate favourable to foreign commerce. Four of the
principal merchant-aristocrats formed a kind of executive council,
which took many decisions, and her authority was partly derived from a
careful balancing of the two major factions at the court. Land grants
to the Sultan's loyal war leaders, which had been at the king's
pleasure under the two previous male rulers, became hereditary under
Safiyyat ad-Din. She in fact resolved one major dispute by ruling that
only grants of land made by her father would be recognised as valid in
perpetuity, thus invoking his name to support a policy he would never
have approved. Born as Raja Permusairi Putri Sri 'Alam, her throne
name was Safiat ud-din Taj ul-'Alam Shah, which means "Purity of the
Faith, Crown of the World", and she was succeeded by Sultana Nagiat. |
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1641-75 Uleebalang
Cut Nyak of Keureuto in Aceh (Indonesia) |
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Also known as Tjut Njak Asiah or Cut Nyak Karti she was
one of the several female Heads of Autonomous Regions, equivalent to
an European duke. The principality was also known as Keureutau or
Keureutu. |
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1641-75 Uleebalang
Cut Nyak Fatimah of the a settlement in West Aceh (Indonesia) |
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Acehnese women served as sultanas, Regional rulers -
Uleebalang, parliament members, and or Uleeblang (Commanders).
Sultan Safiyat expanded the role of the Legislative
Council which was comprised of 73 people of whom 16 were women.
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1641-94 Sovereign Duchess Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé of
Fronsac (France) |
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Dauughter of the Marshall of France, Urbain de Maillé, marquis of
Brézé, and Nicole du Plessis, who was insane and died in 1635. She succeeded
her uncle, Cardinal Richelieu, Premier Minister of France the same
year she married Louis II de Bourbon-Condé, Duke d'Enghien, Prince de
Condé (1621-86), but like her mother, she was mentally instable, a
condition inherited by her son, Henri Jules de Bourbon-Condé, who
married Anne de Bavičre, Duchesse de Guise and Joyeuse. Claire-Clémence
lived (1628-94). |
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1641-92 Sovereign Princess Marie de Bourbon-Condé of Condé-en-Brie,
Countess of Soissons
(France) |
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After the death of her brother, Louis de Bourbon (1604-1641) his
inheritance (including Soissons and Condé) was divided between and her
niece Marie d'Orléans-Longueville, heiress of her sister Louise
(1603-37) and Henri II d'Orléans-Longueville. She was
married Tommaso Francesco di Savoia (Thomas-François de
Savoie-Carignan) (1596-1656), who held the title by the right of his
wife. 2 of her sons and a grandson also held the title from 1646
and her granddaughter, Anna
Vittoria di Savoia-Carignano, was titular Countess from 1736.
She was
daughter of
Charles de Bourbon-Condé, comte de Soissons and Anne de Montafié,
dame de Lucé, and lived (1606-92). |
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Until 1641 Princess-Abbess Agnes Elisabeth von Limburg und
Bronckhorst of Elten (Germany) |
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Daughter of Count Jobst von Limburg und Bronckhorst and Maria von
Schauenburg und Holstein-Pinneberg. |
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1641-86 Princess-Abbess Isabella Henrietta d'Aspremont-Lynden
of Munsterbilzen, Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye and
Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium)
1665-73 Regent of the County of
Reckheim (Rekem) (Belgium) |
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Received papal dispense because she
was under 30 when elected amidst protest from her opponent, the
Dechaness Anna Louise van Berlo. The chapter had survived the Thirty
Years War, but towards the end it was occupied by the unemployed
troops of Duke Karl of Lorraine in 1656.
After the death of her brother, Count Ferdinand van Aspremont-Lynden
in 1665, she was named guardian for his 16 children together with
Prince-Bishop Frans Egon von Furstenberg of Liege, the brother of her
sister-in-law, Elisabeth von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg. The county can
be passed down both in the male and in the female line. In
1671 the troops of King Louis XIV of France passed through the
territory, making life difficult and several ladies left the chapter.
The Dechaness stayed in Ličge 1677-79, but after her return the old
disputed was revived. From 1665 she was regent together with
Franz Egon von Fürstenberg for her nephew Maximilien François Gobert
de Lyden Reckheim, comte, seigneur de Thiennes, Steenbecque,
Barenghien, Cantesdorf, Neudorf, Prieporn etc., Count of Reckheim
(1649-1665-1703).
She was daughter of Ernst d'Aspremont and Anna de Gouffier, and lived
(1615-86). |
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1641-44 Reigning
Abbess-General
Francisca de Beaumont y Navarra of the Royal
Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain) |
Member of a sideline of royal family of Navarra, which descended from
Don Louis de Navarra, Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger (d. 1372). King
Felipe IV confirmed the rights of the scribes of the monastery to
act as magistrates (judges) in 1643.
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1641-44 Reigning Abbess Isabelle III de Héricourt of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere, Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
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Appointed as Abbess by King Felipe IV of Spain, who as Count of Flanders and
Artois, was head of the Southern Low Countries, after the canoness had been
unable to elect as successor to Marie IV for 6 months. |
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1641-60 Reigning Abbess Maria
Margarethe Schenk von Castell
of Wald, Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
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Mentioned as Prioress in 1638. It is not known if she received the
costmary
homage by the inhabitants of Wald and the other territories in 1641 or not until
1651 because of the continued warfare. She was daughter of Hans Maz Schenk von Castell
zu Gattburg and Eva Blarer von Wartensee zu Wartegg. |
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1641-51 Joint County Sheriff Leonora Christine Christiansdatter Countess af Slesvig og Holsten of the County of Hřrsholm, Denmark
1643-64 Politically Influential in Denmark |
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In
1641 her father, King Christian 4 granted her the tenantcy for life jointly with her husband, Corfitz Ulfeldt. Two years later he was appointed Chancellor of the
Realm (Rigskansler), and since there
was no Queen, she was de-facto first-Lady at the court. The death of
her father in 1648 was followed by a power-struggle, which she and her
husband lost. Her half-brother, Frederik 3, was elected king, but she and her husband continued to provoke the reigning couple. In 1651 they left the country and stayed by Queen
Christina of Sweden until 1654, and then in Germany. In 1657 her
husband sided with the Swedes during the war with Denmark, which
Denmark lost. In 1659 her husband was charged with treason against the
Swedish king, he was hit by a stroke, and she was
in charge of his defence. They escaped to Denmark, where they were
held in captivity until they were freed in 1662, after signing a
number of humiliating declarations. Later the same year they were
permitted to go abroad for treatment of Corfitz Ulfeldt, who had never
recovered from the stroke, and during their travels, he made all
kinds of plans against his brother-in-law. In 1663 she went to king
Charles II to claim an old loan, but he gave her up to the Danes, she
was transferred to Copenhagen and was put in prison in Blĺtĺrn at the
Royal Castle of Copenhagen, where she spend 22 years, while her
husband died already in 1664. She was not freed until the death of her
sister-in-law, Queen Sophie-Amalie, in 1685. During her time in
Blĺtĺrn, she wrote "Jammersmide" (Memory of Lamenting), one of the
first Danish autobiographies by a woman, which was not published until
1869, though. She spent the rest of her life at the castle, Maribo
Kloster. She was the mother of 10 children, and lived (1621-98). |
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1641-42 Acting County Sheriff Maren Eriksdatter Skram of Marić Kirkes
Domprovsti (Oslo), Norway |
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After the death of her husband, Hartvig Huitfeldt til Skjelbred, Maren
Skram was the official local representative of the King of
Denmark-Norway in the Provosty of The Church of Marić which is the Cathedral of Oslo
and she administered the whole area.
Secondly married to
Balthasar Gebhard von Obelitz.
Her step-daughter, Margrethe Huitfeldt, willed her estates to the
Gymnasium of Göteborg upon her death in 1683. Marien Skram was the
daughter of
Erik Skram til Rammegaard og Anne Vind
and (d. 1675). |
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Around 1642 Ruler Karenga I Pucu of Sanrabone (Indonesia) |
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Her
brother Tumenanga ri Buttana was ruler of the Makkasarese state in
South Western-Celebes/Sulawesi until 1647. |
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1642-43 Lieutenant-Governor Mary Colles of Alderney (A
Dependency of the English Crown) |
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During the English Civil War the Parliamentarians held the island, and
she
took over after the death of William Colles (1639-42).
Peter Le Febvre,
surier de L'Epine was pretender from November 1643. |
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1642 Acting County Sheriff Lisbeth Jřrgensdatter Lunge of the County of Ĺlholm with the Shire of Fuglse and Musse, Denmark |
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Lisbeth Lunge was the third wife of Palle Rosenkrantz
and lived (1610-59). |
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1642-43 Acting County Sheriff Lisbeth Sophie Breidesdatter Rantzau
of the County
of Hindsgaul with the Shire of Vend, Denmark |
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Lisbeth Sophie Rantzau was widow of Hans Johansen Lindenov. She lived (1587-1652). |
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1643-51 Regent Dowager Queen Anne d'Austrice of France
1646-54 Governor of Aunis
1647-66 Governor of Bretagne |
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Anna of Austria had been Governor of Paris 1636-49. She was Infanta of Spain and the
eldest daughter of Felipe III of Spain, and married Louis XIII, King
of France, in 1615. After some political manoeuvring she attained
full powers as Regent and as such she placed the well being of France
before anything else. She ignored the representatives of the Catholic
party and made Cardinal Mazarin Prime Minister. Both continued the
policies laid out by Richelieu, which decided against a peace treaty
with Germany and The Netherlands. At one stage, Anne even went to war
against her brother, King Felipe IV of Spain, and in negotiations
refused to make any compromises. In 1648 the revolution called "the
Fronde" began and would last until 1653. This rebellion started in
Paris and was supported by the higher nobility as well as by the
common people who had had enough of war and the ever-increasing taxes.
The rebels blamed Mazarin and not only demanded his removal but also
wanted him expelled from France. In 1661 Mazarin died and Louis XIV
took over control of the country. From then on Anna was given only
representative roles. In 1666 she died of cancer, after having lived
(1601-66). |
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1643-51 Regent Dowager Duchess Anna Eleonora von
Hessen-Darmstadt of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Calenberg (Germany) |
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After the death of
her husband,
Duke Georg of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Calenberg and Celle
(1582-1636-41), she was regent for oldest son Duke Christian Ludwig
(1624-65), who was Duke of Calenberg (1641-48), Duke of Celle
(1648-65) of Harburg (1651-65). Her second son, Georg II Wilhelm was
Duke of Calenberg (1648-1703), of Celle (1665-1703), of Dannenberg
(1773-1703), her third son, Johann Friedrich of Braunchweig-Lüneburg
zu Hannover (1665-79), the fourth Ernst August of
Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hannover (1679-92) and Elector from 1698. His
wife, Sophie von Pfalz-Simmen became Heir to the Throne of United Kingdom in
1702. One of Leonora's daughters, Sofie Amalie, married Frederik III
of Denmark. Anna Leonora lived (1601-59). |
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1643-76
Hereditary High Sheriff Lady Anne Clifford of
Westmoreland (United Kingdom) |
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Third and only surviving child of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of
Cumberland, and his wife Margaret Russell and heiress of the Baronies
of Clifford, Westmoreland and Vesci. When she was 15, her father died,
and his brother inherited the vast estate, and from that moment her
mission in life was to regain her inheritance. She married and had
five children, but her husband was obstructive to her claim for the
inheritance. Six years later he died, and she married Philip Herbert,
Earl of Pembroke, who did support her claim. Eventually she did
inherit the estate in 1643 in the middle of the Civil War raging. She
was now 60 years old, and spent the next 26 years rebuilding churches
and castles. Skip ton, Pen dragon, Appleby, Borough and Brougham
Castles were restored to their former glory. As a devout Christian she
built and restored churches and almshouses.
She lived
(1590-1676). |
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1643 Acting County Sheriff Ingeborg Hansdatter Arnfeldt of Koldinghus with Anst, Brusk, Elbo, Holmans, Jerlev, Slaus, Nřrvang, Třrrild and Malt Herred,
Denmark |
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Ingeborg Arnfeldt til Gundetved was widow Ernst Normand til Selsř. |
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Around 1643 Princess-Abbess Henrica Raitz von Frentz of
Burtscheid (Germany) |
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The
first member of the family started her reign in 1618, but it is not
known for how long or when Henrica took over the reigns of the state.
But in 1643 she built the Monnikenhof in the Chapter. Next abbess is mentioned in 1649. |
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1643-53
Abbess
Nullius
Girolama Indelli of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano,
Temporal and Secular Ruler of
Conversano (Italy) |
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In the alternative list of Abbesses her reign ends 1644. |
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1643-62 Reigning Abbess Anne de L'Hôpital of Montvilliers
(France) |
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Daughter of François, Count de L'Hôpital and Rosnay and Charlotte des Essarts,
the Maitresse of King Henri. Possibly succeeded by Marguerite de Gonzague. She (d. 1662). |
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1643-87 Politically Influential Grand Empress Dowager Xiao
Zhuang Wen of China |
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Widow of Hong Tajii,
took part in the affairs of state during the reign of her son,
Shunzhi Emperor Thuận Trị (1643-61). And in 1669 she urged her 13
grandson, Kamgxi, who had been on the throne since 1661 to depose his
regents, and she continued to be influential.
She took charge of his upbringing after the death of his mother. When Oboi was posing a
threat to Kang Xi's rule, she helped the young emperor to get rid of
Oboi. Born as Bumbutai, she was a daughter of a prince of Borjigit,
the Khorchin Mongols, prince Jaisang, thus was a descendant of
Chinggis Khan, known as Hiyoošungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenšu Hūwanghu
in Manchu, and
lived (1613-87). |
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1643-65 Political Advisor Abbess
María Fernández Coronel of Agreda in Spain |
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Also known as Sor Maria de Jesus de Agreda, she
was the political advisor of spanish king Felipe IV. Having survived
the Spanish Inquisition, she preached Christianity in the American
Southwest, mainly in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. She wrote a
book, 'Mary, Mystical City of God', in which she also described her
own spiritual visions. She lived (1602– 65). |
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1643-44
Military Leader
Shen Yunying in China |
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When her father was killed, she took over his
place in command during the fight and led the soldiers to victory. In
recognition of this, she was offered her father's position as General.
She displayed great military skill in her fight to protect the Ming
dynasty from the armies of both the Manchurian Qing dynasty and Gao
Guiying, the other great female commander of the time, on whose
opposite side she was, but she could not prevent the capture of
Beijing in 1644 and the death of the last Ming emperor. When her
husband was killed in battle the same year, she withdrew to a private
life. She founded a school where she educated girls in both academics
and the martial arts. She lived (1624–1660) |
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1644-circa 57 Queen Regnant Cockacoeske of the Pamunkey in
Virginia (USA) |
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Possibly known as Queen Betty to the Colonists, she is described as
diplomat and suzeraine, she shrewdly used her connections with the
Virginia colonist to rebuild her tribe's primacy over the neighbouring
tribes. She seems to have directly succeeded her Opechancanough, who
might have come to power after having been Prince-Consort to a
previous reigning Queen - Cockacoeske's mother "Cleopatra", the
daughter of King Powhatan. Succeeded by her niece, Queen Anne
Totopotomoi. |
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1644-53 Princess-Abbess Barbara I Weglin of Baindt (Germany) |
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Around 1649 the ladies of the chapter resumed the life in the convent
after the lootings during the Thirty Year War. |
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1644-45 Reigning Abbess-General
Ana
María de Salinas of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las
Huelgas in Burgos (Spain) |
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Died within the first year of her three-year election period. |
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1644-46 Acting County Sheriff Anne Jacobsdatter Bech of the
County of
Laholm in Halland
(At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
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Anne Bech til Fřrslev was in charge of the administration after the death of her husband
Christian von Bülow til Engelstad. She was daughter of Jacob Bech and
Helle Marsvin, and lived (1607-64). |
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1644-55 Politically Influential Olimpia Maidalchini in The
Vatican |
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At
the age of 20 she married her second husband, Pamphilio Pamphilj. When
her brother-in-law a few years later became Pope Innocent X, she
exerted a strong influence upon him, and soon becoming the only person
whose advice the pope fully relied on. For this reason ambassadors,
artists, tradesmen, politicians, and any important person in Rome
presented her with rich gifts, to gain her favour and be well
introduced to the Pope.
When he died, the new pope, Alexander VII, exiled her to San Martino
al Cimino - a small village just north of Rome - and asked to give
back the gold she had taken away. She refused and died of plague four
years later.
She lived
(1592-1657). |
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1645 Regent Dowager Empress Yudokia Lukyamanova Stresneva of
Russia |
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Евдокия
Лукьяновна Стрешнёва
in Russian, her name is also transcribed as Eudoxia or Evdokia Lukianova
Streschneva. Following the death of her husband, Mikhail I Fedorovich
Romanov, in February 1645, she acted as regent for son Alexei
Mikhailovich until her own death in July. Her situation at the royal
court was difficult. It appears that the tsaritsa totally depended on
her mother-in-law Marfa Ivanovna, whose firm grip had been felt in
their everyday life, and who accompanied her daughter-in-law during
all of her visits to monasteries and other places. She also chose
tutors for her grandchildren. It also appears that Eudoxia Streshneva
had no influence over Mikhail I even after the death of Marfa. She was
daughter of Lukian Stepanovich Streshnev and Princess Anna
Konstantinovna Volkonskaya, she was mother of 10 children and she
lived (1608-45). |
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1645-47 Sovereign Lady of the Realm Elisabeth Amalia von
Löwenhaupt of Reipoltskirchen, Countess of Falkenstein (Germany) |
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After the death of her father, Steino von Löwenhaupt, Graf zu
Falkenstein und Herr zu Reipoltskirchen, she was
joint heiress to the lordship, which became a co-lordship (Erbgemeinschaft
or Ganerbschaft) when the male line had died out. She was daughter
of the Swedish Count Steno von Löwenhaupt, Graf zu Rasburg and
Falkenstein (1586-1645), who was the son of Axel Lewenhaupt af
Raseborg and Sidonia von Daun, Gräfin von Falkenstein, and Magdalena
von Manderscheid-Schleiden (1574-1639). She was married to Count
Philipp Dietrich von Manderscheid-Kail and they united the
Manderscheid-lines. She lived (1607-47). |
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1645-54 Acting County Sheriff Regitze Sivertsdatter Grubbe
of the County of
Hven (At
the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
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Regize Grubbe
was widow of Hans Ulrik Gyldenlřve til Vindinge (1615-45), son of
Karen Andersdatter and Christian 4, who was given the fief Kronborg
for life in 1641, and apparently took over as acting fiefholder of
Hven from his mother in 1640. She did not have any children, and lved
(1618-1689). |
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1645-67 Politically Influential Electress Luise Henriette van
Oranje-Nassau of Brandenburg (Germany), Heiress of the Counties of
Lingen and Moers (The Netherlands)
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Involved in politics during the reign of her husband, Kurfürst
Friedrich Wilhelm (1620-40-88), and enhanced the relationship between
Brandenburg-Prussia and the Netherlands. She initiated commercial and
economic reforms and helped revive the state after the devastations of
the Thirty Years War. She was also a patron of culture and learning.
Her father, Stadtholder Frederik Hendrik van Oranje had stipulated in
his will that she was to inherit the Counties of Lingen and Moers in
the case that her brother, Willem III, should die with out issue. When
this happened in 1702, her son, King Friedrich I. von Prussia, too
over the regency and in 1707 it was united with Tecklenburg.
She lived
(1627-1667). |
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1645-48 Reigning Abbess-General Jerónima de Navarra of the
Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Member of a side-line of the
former royal house of Navarra. |
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1645-80 Princess-Abbess Anna Sophie I von der Pfalz-Zweibrücken
und Birkenfeld of Quedlinburg (Germany) |
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Daughter of Pfalzgraf Georg Wilhelm von der
Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein and Gräfin Dorothea
von Solms-Sonnenwalde.
She lived
(1619-80). |
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1645-74
Princess-Abbess Maria Sophie zu Salm-Reifferscheid
of Elten, Abbess of Vreden (Germany) |
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Considered the second
founder as she started rebuilding the chapter, a small Catholic
Territory partly in Germany, partly within the Protestant
Netherlands. 1664 she asked the Pope for confirmation and expansion
of her ecclesiastical rights, using the example of her colleague in
Essen, noting that her predecessors since ancient times had
exercised episcopal authority leaving only the right to confirm the
election of a new Abbess to the Bishop of Utrecht. The Papal Nuntius
in Kölln recommended that the Pope confirmed her quasi-episcopal
powers and that she appointed a General Vicar as her temporal
substitute. The pope granted her theise rights in 1669 and confirmed
them in 1675. In 1669 she founded a fond in the "Princely and
Imperial Free Chapter of Elten" and the "High Countly" to Vreden in
favour of young women of her family in both male and female line
Daughter of Count Ernst Friedrich zu Salm-Reifferscheid in Bedburg
and Countess Maria Ursula zu Leiningen Her sister, Anna Salome, was
sovereign of Essen, and lived lived (1620-74). |
|
|
1645-63 Reigning Abbess Catherine de Beauffremez of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere, Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
|
At her election, the Prior, the Chaplaine, the Treasurer, the lady of the
refectory, the Matron of the novices, 2 ladies of the sacritsty, 2 canonesses
and 6 other ladies, whose occupation is not mentioned, took part. She was
daughter of Lord d'Esnes and Haily. The Abbey became part of France 1659. |
|
 |
1646-62 Regent Dowager Countess Ämilie Antonia von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Germany)
1663-70 Reigning Dowager Lady of Könitz,
and Friedensburg in Leutenberg |
|
Alternatively known as Amalia Antonia or Emilie, she acted as regent for son Albrecht
Anton (1641-1710), after the death of her husband, Count of the Realm (Reichsgraf) Ludwig
Günther.
When her son came of age, she took over the administration of Könitz as the last feudal ruler.
Her son became the first Prince (Fürst) of the state in 1697.
Her two sisters were Princesses-Abbesses; Catharina Elisabeth of
Gandersheim (1625-49), and Sedonia of Herford (1640-49). Ämilie
Antonia lived (1614-70). |
|
|
Circa
1646-1664 Princess Regnant Nyai Cili of Solor (Indonesia) |
|
Also known as Nyai Pertawi, she reigned after the death of her
husband, Kaicil Partana alias Sultan Sili Pertawi. Western
travellers called her a pagan Queen. Succeeded by daughter, Nyai Cili
Muda. |
|
|
Around 1646 Countess Regnant Maria Cristina di Altemps of
Altemps (Italy)
|
|
She
was daughter of Angelica de' Medici and Count Gianpetro di Altemps and
married Ipollito, Duke Lante delle Rovere. |
|
|
1646-before 1654 Captain-Donatary Branca da Gama Freire of
Santa Maria in the Azores (Portugal) |
|
Daughter of Luis da Gama Pereira and Violante Freire and married to
Vasco da Gama, capităo de Chaul. The captains-donataries were similar
to
governors and had full control over their domain. They held the office
of judge. They could make land grants. They also monopolized the
gristmills, public baking
ovens, and salt sales. She was mother of 2 sons and 2 daughters,
one of whom was Joana de Menzeses, who succeeded to the Captainship
in 1665. |
|
|
1646-65 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Landgravine
Maria Johanna von Helfenstein-Wiesensteig of
Wernberg in Leuchtenberg (Germnay) |
|
After the death of her husband, Maximilian Adam von Leuchtenberg (1607-46),
she reigned the territory as her dowry as their only son had died by
birth, and even though the husband of their late daughter,
Mechthilde von Leuchtenberg, Duke
Albrecht VI. von Bayern held the title of Landgrave until he gave the
territory to his brother, Elector Maximilian I (1573-1651).
Together with her sisters,
Isabella Eleonore (d. 1678) and Franziska Karoline (d. 1641) she
inherited a third of the County of Wiesensteig and the Lordships of
Gomegnies, Meßkirch, Wildenstein, Wiesensteig and Wellenheim after the
death of her father, Count Rudolf III
von
Helfenstein-Wiesensteig (1607-27). She lived (1612-1665). |
|
|
1646-47 Acting County Sheriff Anne Jřrgensdatter Lunge
of the County
f Kalř with the Shires of Mols, Nřrre and Sřnderhals and Řsterlisbjerg, Denmark |
|
After the death of her husband, Jost Hřg til Gjorslev
(or Just Hřeg), Anne Lunge administered the the tenantcy until the accounts had been settled
with the King and the a new Lensmand could be appointed. She was
daughter of Jřrgen Lunge and Sophie Steensdatter Brahe. |
|
|
1646-47 Acting County Sheriff
Kirstine
Hartvigsdatter Lützow
of the County
of Dronningborg with the Shires of Galten, Gjerlev, Houlberg, Nřrrehald, Onsild, Rugsř, Střvring and Sřnderlyng, Denmark |
|
Kirstine
Lützow's father, Hartvig von Lützow, was a noble from Mecklenburg who became the Lord Chamberlain of the Court of Danish Queen Sophie von Mecklenburg. After the death of her first husband,
Knud
Jakobsen
Ulfeldt, she was in charge of the tenantcy. She inherited the estate of Hellerup (Vindinge Herred) from him, who had inherited it from his first wife, Anne Lykke. She was Lady
of the Chamber of Danish Hereditary Princess
Magdalena Sibylla von Sachen when she married
Johan Christoph von Křrbitz (1612-82), who was in the service of Danish Hereditary Prince Christian and after his death Lord Chamberlain of Princess Magdalena Sibylla until she married Duke Friederich Wilhelm von Sachsen-Altenburg in 1652.
Upon their marriage he became recognised as a Danish noble. She did not have children, and lived (1615-93) |
|
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1646-88 Princess-Abbess Anna-Salome I von Salm-Reiffenscheidt
of Essen, Lady of Bresig etc. (Germany) |
|
1640-74 she was also Dechantess of Thorn and Lady of the
Chapter (Stiftfrau) in Elten and St. Ursula (Köln). She was able to
assert the princely sovereignty against the protestant city, and
thereby secured the continued existence of the Damenstift (Ladies
Chapter). Since 1661 she used the title "Des heiligen römischen
Reiches Fürstin und Äbtissin in Essen, Frau zu Breisig, Huckard und
Rellinghausen" (Princess and Abbess of the Holy Roman Realm of Essen,
Lady of Breisig etc). Daughter of Count Ernst Friedrich von
Salm-Reifferscheid in Bedburg and Countess Maria Ursula zu Leiningen.
One sister, Maria Sophie, reigned as Fürstäbtissin of Elten another,
Anna Katharina of Thorn. A fourth, Sidonia Elisabeth, was Lady of the
Chapter in Thorn, Essen and St. Ursula before she married Hartmann
Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein in 1640, and became mother of 24
children. Anna Salome lived (1622-88). |
|
|
1646-47 Princess-Abbess Anna Catharina zu Salm-Reiffenscheidt
of Thorn (The Netherlands)
1660-68 Regent Dowager Countess of Rietberg (Germany) |
|
Resigned in order to marry Count Johann IV von Rietberg, and after his
death she was regent for son Friedrich Wilhelm (1650-77) who fell by
Straßburg, and was succeeded by his brothers Franz Adolph Wilhelm,
(1677-80) and ( 1687-88) and Ferdinand Maximilian (1680-1687), who
were both Diachons and Domherrs of the Cathedral Straßburg, and Anna
Catharina remained the virtual ruler of the territory. Ferdinand
Maximilian was succeeded by his niece, Maria Ernestine Franziska. Anna
Catharina's older sister, Maria Sophie (1620-74) was Abbess in Elten
and the other Anna Salome (1622-88) in Elten. They were daughters of Altgraf
Ernst Friedrich, (1583-1639) and Countess Maria Ursula zu Leiningen
(†1649). Anna Catharina's daughter, Bernhardine Sophia was
Fürstäbtissin of Essen 1691-1726. Anna Katharina lived (1624-91). |
|
 |
1647-90 Princess-Abbess Anna Salomé von
Manderscheid-Blankenheim of Thorn, Lady of Thorn, Ittervoort,
Grathem, Baexem, Stramproy, Ell, Haler and Molenbeerse (The
Netherlands)
1689-91 Princess-Abbess Anna-Salome II of Essen, Lady of
Breisig, Huckard and Rellinghausen (Germany)
|
|
Had to raise taxes in the principality because of the ongoing wars,
and worked closely together with her sister, Clara Elisabeth, who was
her second-in-command. In 1688 Anna-Salome was elected Fürstäbtissin
of Essen.
She
was daughter of Ernst Friedrich von Manderscheid-Blankenheim and Maria
Ursula zu Leiningen.
Her
sister, Marie Sofie (1620-74), was Abbess in Eltern. Anna Salomé
and
lived (1622-91). |
|
|
1647-58 Regent Dowager Countess Barbara Magdalena von
Mansfeld-Hinterort of Mansfeld-Eisleben (Germany)
|
|
After the death of her husband, Johann Georg II von Mansfeld-Eisleben,
took over the regency for his oldest son Hoyer Christoph II von
Mansfeld-Eisleben, (1636-53) from his marriage to Barbara Maria zu
Stolberg in Schwarza (1596-1636). Barbara Magdalena became regent for
her own son, Johann Georg III, when he succeeded older half-brother at
the age of 13.She was daughter of Count David von Mansfeld zu
Schraplau (1573-1628) and his second wife, Juliane Marie Reuss zu Gera
(1598-1650).
She later
married Anton von Werthern, Georg Andreas Schwab von Lichtenberg and
Georg Albert von Mansfeld-Vorderort (1642-96/97), and lived (1618-96). |
|
 |
1647-65 Regent
Countess Isabella Filomarino of Conversano (Italy)
1665-79 Joint Regent (Dowager Countess) |
|
She was in charge of the regency during the
imprisonment of her husband, Giangirolamo II Acquaviva d'Aragona
(1600-1665) in Spain and then jointly with her daughter-in-law,
Caterina di Capua, for grandson, Guilio II (1665-91) after her son,
Cosimo (d.1665), 8th Duke de Nardň, was killed in a duel after 10 days
as Count of Duke. She was also Baroness de Castellabate and daughter
of Tommaso Filomarino, 1st Prince della Rocca d'Aspro lived (1600-79). |
|
|
1647... Sovereign Countess
Louise de
Béon of Brienne
(France) |
|
Succeeded mother, Louise de Luxembourg, who
inherited the County in 1608. She held the title jointly with her
husband,
Henri-Auguste de Loménie, who died 1666. |
|
|
1647-51 Executrix and Acting Lord Proprietor Margaret Brent of
Maryland (USA) |
|
1648 she appeared before the State Assembly and requested 2 votes as a landowner and as Lord Baltimore's
attorney. Together with two brothers and a sister, she had arrived
from England to Maryland 10 years before. She became a substantial
landowner and she was named jointly with Governor Leonard Calvert as joint
guardian for Mary Kittamaquund, daughter of the chief of the
Piscataways. Her continuing unmarried state was
unusual in a settlement where the male/female ratio was about six to
one. Governor Calvert died during an attack on the settlement and on his deathbed, exhorting her to "Take all and pay all," he
appointed her as his executor, a testimony to his faith in her
abilities. The most pressing problem was paying Leonard Calvert's
soldiers, who were on the verge of a mutiny. She averted that
disaster by having the assembly transfer to her Calvert's
power of attorney for his brother Lord Baltimore. Because his estate was not sufficient, she sold some of Lord Baltimore's cattle to pay the soldiers. 1651 she and her family relocated to Virginia by 1651, where she set up a large
plantation. She lived (1610-71). |
|
 |
1647-53 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Hereditary Princess
Magdalene Sibylla von Sachsen of Denmark of Lolland-Falster,
Royal County Sheriff
of the County
of
Nykřbing with the two Shires of Falster and the County of Ĺlholm, Denmark |
|
After her husband, Hereditary Prince Christian died, she withdrew to
her dowry in the south of Denmark until she married Duke
Friedrich Wilhelm II zu Sachsen-Altenburg (d. 1669) in 1652 ans had
her first child, Johanna Magdalene, in 1656 and the second, Friedrich
Wilhelm II, in 1658.
She lived
(1617-68). |
|
 |
1647-86 Hereditary Duchess Elisabeth Marie of Münsterberg-Oels
(Ziębice-Oleśnica) (At the time part of Germany, now Poland)
1648 Reigning Lady of Jaispitz
1664-72 Regent Dowager Duchess of Württemberg-Oels (Germany) |
|
Also known as
Elżbieta Maria Podiebrad, she was the
only child of the Slesian Duke Karl Friedrich, she was married Silvius
Nimrod von Württemberg (1622-64), and after her father's death, he was
granted the Duchy by emperor Ferdinand III and he founded the line of
Württemberg-Oels, the first Slesian line, and after his death, she was
regent for two sons, Silvius Friederich (1651-97) and Christian Ulrich
(1652-1702), who were declared prematurely of age by the Emperor
against her protests. She lived (1625-86). |
|
 |
1648-51 Regent Dowager Countess Juliane von Hessen of
Ostfriesland (Germany)
1651-59 Reigning Dowager Lady of Burg Berum and the Estate of
Westerhof bei Osterode am Harz |
|
The widow of Count Ulrich II,
she governed in the name of her son, Enno
Ludwig, 1st Prince of Ostfriesland. Her reign was marked by the Thirty
Years War and plague, but she managed to bring the territory trough
the worst ordeals. Her son was declared "of age" before time and she
withdrew to her dowry.
She lived
(1606-59). |
|
|
1648-56 Regent Dowager Countess Agnes von Effern of
Holzappel
1656
Reigning Lady
of Schaumburg, Bibrich, Cramberg, Steinsberg and the County of
Holzappel included Esten, Holzappel, Dörnberg, Eppenrod, Geilnau, Giershausen,
Horhausen, Isselbach, Kalkofen, Langenscheid, Laurenburg, Ruppenrod
and Scheidt (Germany) |
|
Following the death of her husband,
Count Peter Melander von Holzappel, who had gained
the position of Imperial Immidiate in 1643 from Emperor Ferdiand III (Freien
Reichsunmittelbaren Grafschaft Holzappel), she was able to expand the territory
in 1656 by aquireing the Castle and Lordship of Schaumburg bei Balduinstein.
After her death, the castle of Schaumburg was
inherited by her daughter,
Elisabeth Charlotte Melander von Holzapfel-Schaumburg. She (d. 1656). |
|
 |
1648-1707 Reigning Lady Elisabeth Charlotte Melander
von Holzapfel-Schaumburg of Schaumburg, Countess of Holzappel
and Lady of Bibrich, Cramberg, Steinsberg and the County of
Holzappel included Esten, Holzappel, Dörnberg, Eppenrod, Geilnau,
Giershausen, Horhausen, Isselbach, Kalkofen, Langenscheid, Laurenburg,
Ruppenrod and Scheidt (Germany) |
|
Another version of her title is Gräfin von Holzapfel,
in Schaumburg, Holzapfel und Laurenburg. After the death of her mother,
Agnes von Effert, gennant Hall, who had been in charge of the government
since the death of her father, Count Peter Melander von Holzappel, she
took over the reigns, with great vigour and intelligence. She allowed
Hugenots and Waldenses from France to settle in her territory, abolished
the serfdom, gave city and trade-rights to Holzappel and founded the
village of Charlottenburg. She married Prince Adolf Nassau-Dillenburg
(1629-76), who added Schaumburg to his princely title. After his death
she reigned alone and managed to defend her rule from from the husband
of her youngest daughter, Charlotte von Nassau-Dillenburg-Schaumburg
(1672–1700), Prince Lebrecht von Anhalt-Bernburg-Hoym. After
her death he added Schaumburg to
his title and his son, Victor Amadeus Adolf became
Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, and in 1812 his great-granddaughter, Hermine, inherited the
Counties of Schaumburg and Holzappel. She was married to Joseph Anton
Johann von Habsburg-Lothringen (1776–1847), and died giving birth to
twins in 1817. Elisabeth Charlotte lived (1640-1707). |
|
|
1648-1652 Regent Dowager Countess Luise Juliane of
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenberg and Altenkirchen (Germany) |
|
Her father-in-law, Count Wilhelm zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn died in
1623, and since her husband, the Hereditary Count Ernst (1593-1641), had already died, the Archbishop of
Köln occupied the county, but she continued to fight for her rights.
In the Peace-treaty of Westphalia in 1648 both her own and her two
surviving daughters (Johanette and Ernestine) right to rule the county was
confirmed. She continued to act as regent for her two daughters who
split the County among them, until she withdrew from Hachenburg Castle
to Friedenwald Castle.
She was mother
of 5 daughters of whom 3 died as infants and a son, who died at the
age of 9. She lived
(1603-70). |
|
|
1648-61 Sovereign Countess of the Realm Ernestine Salentine zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn of
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Hachenburg (Germany) |
|
Initially Reichsgräfin
Ernestine was co-ruler with sister, Johanette, but they split up the
county in 1648, when the Peace of Westphalia confirmed their right to
the inheritance and her part became known as Sayn-Hachenburg for short.
She was married to count Salentin Ernst von Manderscheid-Blankenheim,
Kirchenberg and the Nassau-Weilburg families, and is now one of the
titles of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg. She was first succeeded by son,
Maximilian zu Manderscheid-Blankenheim
(1655-75) and then by
her daughter, Magdalena-Christina (1657-1715).
She lived
(1626-62). |
|
|
1648-1701 Sovereign Countess of the Realm Johanette zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn of
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (Germany) |
|
Reichsgräfin
Johanette's part of the County is normally known as Sayn-Altenkirchen. She was married to Johannes-Georg I von
Sachsen-Eisenach and was succeeded by son Duke Wilhelm Heinrich, who in 1741 was succeeded by his nephew Margrave Carl Wilhelm Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach, the son of her daughter, Eleonore Erdmute Louise (d. 1696).
She lived (1632-1701). |
|
|
1648-83 Khadija Turhan Hadice Valide Sultan of the Ottoman
Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balkans, parts of the Middle East
and Northern Africa)
1651-56 Regent Naib-i-Sultanat of the Empire |
|
When her son, Mehmed IV (1648-51-87), became sultan, she would
normally have become regent, but instead her mother-in-law, Kösem was
appointed to rule the empire, because she was considered too young.
Turhan Sultan used the next years gathering support to undermine Kösem.
The imperial guards revolted and Kösem decided to have Mehmet
overthrown, but the plot was thwarted and Kösem strangled, and Turhan
became regent, exercising her power through a series of twelve Grand
Viziers over the next five years. She took her responsibilities very
seriously and tried to make up for her inexperience by learning
everything there was to know about her job. She also took part in the
deliberations in the Imperial Diet seated behind a curtain; she
authorized all appointments and cooperated closely with the Grand
Vizier as "The Guardian and Representative of the Sultan". She was
sister of Yusuf Agha, of Russian origin, and lived (1627-83).
|
|
 |
1648-84 Sovereign Duchess Marguerite de Rohan-Frontenay of
Rohan, Duchess de Porhoët-León et Soubize, Princess de
León, Countess de Porhoët and Lorges, Marquise de Blain
and La Garnache, etc (France) |
|
In
1645 Louis XIV allowed her to keep her status and dignity of Princess
if she married Henri Chabot, Seigneur de Sainte-Aulaye, who was
created Duke de Rohan in 1648. Their children got the surname Rohan-Chabot.
Succeeded first by son and then by daughter, Anne in 1686.
Marguerite lived
(1617-84). |
|
 |
1648-72 Reigning Lady Katharina Elisabeth Wechsler von
Galler of Riegersburg in der Steiermark (Austria) |
|
Also known as Freifrau von Gallen, Herrin auf der Riegersburg and in
the folklorist tradition as "Schlimme Lisl" (Bad Lissy). She inherited
the vast possessions of her family after the death of her uncle,
Sigismund Wechsler, the last male member of the family. She has made a
prenuptial agreement with her first husband, Freiherr Hans Wilhelm von
Galler, that she would keep the right to determine over her own
possessions, but they engaged in a dispute over the details of the
agreement. After his death, she became the undisputed ruler of the
territories. In 1660 Colonel Freiherr Detlef von Kapell, but he died
in the battle against the Turkish in 1664. This marriage lead to a
dispute with her only daughter, Regina Katharina, her son-in-law
Freiherr Johann Ernst Graf von Purgstall and the Marshall of the
Castle. In 1666 she married the 25-year-old Hans Rudolf von Stadl,
owner of the Castle of Kornberg, but she asked for a divorce 3 years
later, but they came to an agreement, where she gave him one of her
castles. She renovated the castle and rebuilt the economic foundations
of the lands. In 1653 she was given the Patronage of the Pastorate
of Regensburg, but the clerics did not recognize this right and they
engaged in a long lasting battle, but again she entered into an
agreement and gave up her rights in 1661 but was compensated
economically. She was succeeded by dauther, and lived (circa 1607-72). |
|
 |
1648-57 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth II d'Alençon of Remiremont,
Dame of Saint Pierre and Metz etc. (France) |
|
Elisabeth-Marguerite d'Orléans, Mademoiselle d'Alençon was 2 years
old when she was elected as sovereign of the chapter, and therefore
her parents, Gaston Jean Baptiste de France, Duke d'Anjou, d'Orléans,
Chartres, Valois, d'Alençon, comte de Blois, Monthéry et de Limours,
baron d'Amboise, Seigneur de Montargi and Marguerite de
Lorraine, reigned for her. In 1657 Elisabeth-Marguerite left the Abbey
and married Duke Louis Joseph de Guise (1650-71) with whom she had one
child François Joseph de Guise (1670-75). The former Princess-Abbess
lived (1646-96). |
|
Around
1648
Princess-Abbess Justina Anna Etlin von Rosenfels of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
|
Ferdinand
von Habsburg of Austria-Hungary, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire gave the
"Abbtissin des Stiffts bey St. Georgen auf dem königl. Schloß zu Prag"
dispensation from the war-tax because of the disasterous economic
situation of the chapter. |
|
|
1648-51 and 1656-59 Reigning
Abbess-General
Jerónima de Góngora
of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de
Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain) |
|
Her ancestors were first mentioned as courtiers of the kings of
Pamplona in the 700s and held many high offices through out the
centuries. |
|
 |
1648-49 Acting County Sheriff Anne Hansdatter Ramel
of the County
of Kristianssand in Skĺne (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) and
of the County of
Břvling with the Shires Skodsborg, Vandfuld, Hind and Ulvborg, Denmark |
|
Anna
Ramel (or Rammel) til Vandĺs og Maltesholm took over the fief after
the death of her husband, Malte Juel til Gjesinggĺrd, County Sheriff
of Kristiansstad. She had inherited a number of estates from her
family. She (d. 1702). |
|
|
1648-49 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Jřrgensdatter Lunge
Dyre
of the County
of Koldinghus with the Shires of Anst, Brusk, Elbo, Jerlev, Slaus, Nřrvang, Třrrild and Malt, Denmark |
|
Margrethe Lunge was
in charge of the fief
after the death of her husband, Mogens Bille til Tirsbćk (1617-48). Their
only son, Jřrgen Lunge Bille, was born and died the same year. 1649 she married Christen Skeel, with whom she had a son the
following year. She was
daughter of Jřrgen Lunge Dyre and Sophie Steensdatter Brahe, and lived
(1616-53). |
|
|
1648-51 Acting County Sheriff Christence Hansdatter Lindenov
of the County
of Hindsgavl with Vendsherred, Denmark |
|
After the death
of her second husband, Claus Alexandersen Sehested til Hřjgaard, Christence Lindenov
til Tim og Řrslev, held the fief, that he had
granted after returning to Denmark after a period as Lord Marshall of
the Prince Bishop of Bremen in 1643.
She had first been married to Axel Gyldenstjerne til Tim,
Řrslevkloster og Strandet. They did not have any children. (d.
1681). |
|
|
1649-67
Princess-Abbess Elisabeth Louise Juliane von der
Pfalz-Zweibrücken of Herford (Germany)
|
|
She was daughter
of Johann II, Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken and Luise Juliane von Simmeren,
and lived (1613-67). |
|
|
1649-83 Princess-Abbess Maria Elisabeth von Salis of
Obermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of a Swiss noble family, which was first recorded in 1202 as Salici zu Como
and later held influential positions in the administration of Switzerland and other countries. |
|
|
Around 1649 Princess-Abbess and Steward Baroness Raitz von
Frentz of Burtscheid (Germany) |
|
Apparently the Freiin (Baroness) was elected as the successor of
Fürstäbtissin Henrica, who was mentioned in 1643, but of whom not much
more is known. The last of the baronial (Freiherrliche) family of
Raitz von
Frentz to govern the territory was in office until 1669. |
|
|
1649
Abbess Nullius
Antonia Acquavia d'Aragona of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy)
|
Listed in an alternative chronology of Abbesses of the chapter. Sister of the Abbesses Donata and Mariana - all daughters of the Count and Countess of Conversano, Caterina Acquavia and Giulio
Antonio III Acquavia d'Aragona, the 9th Count.
|
|
1649-50 Acting County Sheriff Regitze Knudsdatter Urne
of the County
of Ĺlholm with the Shires of Fuglse and Musse, Denmark |
|
Regitze Urne was widow of Jost Frederik von Pappenheim til Sřholt. Mother of 4 children, she lived (1608-79). |
|
|
1649-71 Overseer of the Crown Lands Elżbieta Słuszczanka of Warka,
The Village of Piaseczno and Old Warka
(Poland) |
|
Appointed by the Polish king to be in charge of certain aspects of the
local administration.
At the age of 14 she was married to Adam Kazanowski (d.
1649)and after his death she inherited an immense fortune, and
married Jerome Radziejowski but Radziejowski but they divorced
after one year in 1651 after she had an affair with king Jan Casimir. She then
lived in a monastery. Her brother, Boguslaw Słuszce, remove her
ex-husband from the property by force after a few years. She was daughter
of Aleksander Słuszka h. Ostoja (circa 1580-1647), voivode of Trakai,
and
lived (1619-1671) |
|
|
1649-circa 55 Feudal Baroness Giulia Bardi Pignatelli Centelles
Spatafora of Calcusa (Italy) |
|
Married to Giulio Pignatelli. |
|
|
1649-67 Politically Influential Electress Louise Henriette van
Oranje-Nassau in Brandenburg (Germany)
1650-67 In charge of the Administrative Unito of Bötzow (Oranienburg) |
|
Given the Amt of Bötzow for life by her husband, Kurfürst
Friederich Wilhelm ,and renamed it Oranienburg in 1652. She was
strongly interested in politics and her influence cannot be
underestimated. In spite of her bad health, she joined her husband on his
journeys, sometimes even in warfare. During the Swedish-Polish war,
she advocated a truce with Poland and Habsburgs. She was daughter of Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau (1584-1647) and Amalia von Solms
(1602-72) and heir to the title of Princess of Oranje and the Prince
of Preussen still uses this title today. She died one year after the
birth of her 6th child. Her husband later married Dorothea von
Holstein-Glücksburg (see 1665). Louise Henriette von Oranien lived
(1627-67). |
|
|
Around 1650
Queen Mwabwa of
Bulozi or Barotseland (Zambia) |
|
Head of the
Lozi Tribe, which migrated from
Katanga in the Congo and were ruled by a long line of female rulers until their settlement on
the Bulozi flood plain. She was theearliest of these rulers and was
succeeded by her daughter, Mbuymamwambwa. According to legend they both married
Nyambe, the "maker of the world, the forests, the river, the plains, all the
animals, birds and fish". In reality, they, probably both bore
children by several different consorts. |
|
|
Around 1650
Queen Mbuyambwambwa of
Bulozi or Barotseland (Zambia) |
|
Succeeded mother and abdicated in favour of son,
Mwanasolundwi Muyunda Mumbo wa Mulonga aka Mboo,
who became the first Litunga or king. He appointed a female parallel chief, as his co-ruler, who was in charge of the
southern parts of the territory.
|
|
|
Circa
1650-80 Queen Regnant Ama Tuan of Sonbai (Besar) (Indonesia) |
|
Head of the kingdom or rather empire in Eastern Timor. Timor was one
big empire ruled by the divine Maromak Oan, who was based in the Belu
area. |
|
|
1650-57 Captain-Donatary Dame Beatriz Mascarenhas of the
Islands of Flores and Corvo in the Azores (Portugal) |
|
The
Capitana Donataria and 3rd Condessa de Santa Cruz was daughter of Don
Martinho Mascarenhas, 2nd conde de Santa Cruz and Joana de Vilhena and
married her relative Joăo Mascarenhas (circa 1600-68). Las Ilhas das
Flores e Corvo are remote part of the Azores. Beatriz was mother of 4
sons and 2 daughters, and lived (circa 1610-57). |
|
 |
1650-63 Lady Landgravine Sophia Eleonora von Hessen-Darmstadt of
the Administrative Unit and Fief of the Castle Bingenheim in Hessen
(Germany) |
|
When she married Prince Wilhelm Christoph von Hessen-Homburg (1625-81)
in 1650, her father transferred and Administrative Unit and Fief of
Schloss Bingenheim to them, and as her husband preferred Bingenheim for
Homburg, he was mainly known as the Landgrave zu Bingenheim, since his
younger brother, Friederich II succeeded their father, Friederich I as
Landgrave of Homburg. Wilhelm Christoph and Sofie Eleonore had 8 sons
and 4 daughters, who all died before their father, who married in a
second childless marriage Anna Elisabeth von Sachsen-Lauenburg. She
lived (1634-63). |
|
 |
1650-54 Joint Guardian, Dowager Princess Mary
Stuart of England of Oranje-Nassau in The Netherlands
1656-60
Regent of Orange (France) |
|
Her
son Willem III was born 8 days after the death of her husband, Willem
II, and she acted as his guardian and worked actively for his
reinstatement as Governor-Stadtholder of the Netherlands. She was ad
odds with her mother-in-law, the joint guardian Amalia of Solms-Braunfels.
In 1656 the States of Orange appointed her regent, but
the difficulties of her position led her to
implore the assistance of King Louis XIV of France who seizied the the
principality. Her son was
married to her niece, Mary, and they later became king and Queen of
England. Also known as Maria Henriętta Stuart she lived (1630-60). |
|
 |
1650-60 Joint Guardian Dowager Princess Amalia zu Solms-Braunfels of
Oranje-Nassau (The Netherlands)
1660 Guardian |
|
Her husband
Frederik Hendrik of Oranje and Nassau was succeeed by their son,
Willem II, in 1647, but he died suddenly in 3 years later, and the
Estates desided not to appoint a new Stadtholder. 8 days after her
son's death, his heir, Willem III was born, and she was appointed
joint guardian with her son-in-law the Prince Palantine of Brandenburg
on one side and her daughter-in-law, Mary Stuart, on the other by the
High Council (Hoge Raad) of Holland and Zeeland, and after Mary's
death in 1660, she became the sole Guardian (Voogd). She was very
influential and had an important role in her grandson's appointment as
Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland en Overijssel and
Captain-General of the Union in 1672. He later became King of England
as the husband of Queen Mary II.
Her sister, Ursula von Soms, was Governor of Oranje 1637-48. Amalia lived (1599-1672),
and Amalia herself had been Lady
of Turnhout since 1648. She lived (1602-75). |
|
|
1650-65 Princess-Abbess Maria Sabina zu Solms-Lich of
Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
Since her predecessor,
Fürstäbtissin Katharina Elisabeth did not reside in the chapter, she
had to promise to stay there in order to get elected.
Daughter of Count Ernst II zu Solms-Lich and Countess Anna von
Mansfeld, she lived (1600-65). |
|
|
1650-69 Princess-Abbess Maria-Franziska I von Montfort of
Buchau (Germany) |
|
Before she became Canoness she was probably Lady-in-waiting to
Archduchess Claudia von Tirol.
Soon after her election she began rebuilding the chapter and bring the
economic situation back on track. She managed to retrieve the "treasuer
of the church". When she became seriously ill the College of the
Counts of Swabia tried to influence the election of her sucessor.
Listed among the Secular Princes of the Swabian Circle in 1650 and
1669 and she
signed a decision of the Imperial Diet (Reichstagsabscheid) in 1664.
She used the title of
"Reverend and Illustrius Lady, Princess Abbess of the Holy Roman
Empire of Buchau, nee Countess of Montfort, and was
daughter of Count Hugo von Montfort, Councillor of the
Bavarian-Palatinate and Imperial Council and Chamber, and Euphrosina
Truchsess von Waldburg-Wolfegg, and lived (circa 1622-69). |
|
 |
1650-51 Acting County Sheriff Jytte Styggesdatter Hřeg
of the County
of
Ĺrhusgĺrd with the Shires of Hasle, Ning and Vesterlisbjerg, Denmark |
|
Another version of
her name was Jutte Hřg, and she acted as administrator of the fief after the death of her husband, Niels Krag til Trudsholm.
She lived
(1589-1659). |
|
|
1650 Acting County Sheriff Kirsten Frandsdatter Rantzau af Lunde Sankt Peders Kloster
, Denmark |
|
Kirsten Rantzau was widow of Falk Lykke til Skovgĺrd, Bollerup og Gersnćs. She did not have any children. |
|
|
1650-54 Guardian Dowager Princess Sophie zur
Lippe of Anhalt-Köthen (Germny) |
|
Her son, Wilhelm Ludwig Fürst von Anhalt-Köthen (1638-1665), was 12
when he succeeded his father Ludwig I. His uncle, August von
Anhalt-Plötzkau was regent until his death in 1653 and after him his
sons Lebrecht and Emanuel took over the task until 1659. Wilhlem
Ludwig was married to Elsabeth Charlotte von Anhalt-Harzgerode, they
did not have any children, and after his death she married August von
Schleswig-Holstein-Plön-Nordburg. Sophie lived (1599-1654) |
|
|
1651-57 Regent Dowager Electress Maria Anna von Habsburg of
Bavaria (Germany)
1654-65
Reigning Dowager Lady of the City of Friedberg and Administrative Unit and Castle of Höckeringen |
|
Second wife of
Kurfürst Maximillian I von Bayern she was very interested in politics
and well instructed about developments. She was not bound to the
Habsburgs, but rather completely advocated the Bavarian standpoint.
Additionally, she conducted lively exchanges of opinion with high
officials of the Munich court and took part in meetings of the
cabinet. After Maximillian's death she was regent for their son,
Kurfürst Ferdinand Maria (1636-51-79). Generally described as clever,
cautious, energetic, stern, frugal, and experienced in matters of
financial administration, she was daughter of Emperor Ferdinand II and
Maria Anna von Bayern (1574-1616), mother of two sons, and lived (1610-65). |
|
|
1651 Regent
Charlotte de la Trémoille of the Isle of Man (Dependency
of the English Crown) |
|
Acting in the Absence of her
husband, James I Stanley, Early of Derby. Famous for her robust defence of
Lathom House during the English Civil War in 1644, and later she was holding
Man, but the total destruction of the Royal army at Worcester, the flight of
Prince Charles to an exile in France, and the execution of her husband, left her
without hope of assistance, she eventually yielded with reluctance to the
necessity of a surrender, and retained, says the
author David Hume, "the glory of being the last person in the
three kingdoms, and in all their dependent dominions, who submitted to the
victorious rebels". She was mother of 4 daughters of 5
sons, the daughter of Claude de La Trémoille, Duke of Thouars and Charlotte
Brabantina of Nassau, lived (1599-1664) |
|
 |
1651-80 County Sheriff
Queen Sophie Amalie zu
Braunschweig-Lüneburg of Denmark
of the County
of Hřrsholm, Denmark
1651-58 County Sheriff of Hven
1670-85 Reigning Dowager Lady of Lolland-Falster
with the Castle of Nykřbing |
|
received the tenantcy of Hřrsholm as security for loans to her husband, Frederik 3,
and she also administered the estates of Ibsholm and
Dronninggaard and build Sophie-Amalienborg. She was quite influential during the reign of her
husband from 1648 and supported his curbing of the nobility and was a leading force in the defence of Copenhagen from the attacks of the Sweden in 1659. She was mother of among others, Prince Jřrgen
(George) the husband of Queen Anne of England and Scotland.
Sophie
Amalie lived (1628-85). |
|
|
1651-59
Overseer of the Crown Lands Katarzyna Szumińska of Małogoszcz
(Poland) |
|
Held the office of starościna niegrodowa jointly with her husband. |
|
|
1651-53 and 1656-59 Reigning
Abbess-General
Isabel de Osorio y Leyva
of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de
Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain) |
|
Member of the family of Counts of Trastamara and Marqueses of Astorga. |
|
|
1651-61 County Sheriff Anne Predbjřrndsatter Gyldenstierne
of the County
of Hagenskov,
Denmark |
|
Anne Gyldenstierne was married to Jřrgen Brahe to Hvedholm (1585-1661), she was daughter of
Predbjřrn Gyldenstjerne (1548-1616) and Mette Hardenberg (1569-1629),
mother of a number of children, and lived (1596-1677). |
|
|
1651-52 Acting County Sheriff Dorothea Jensdatter
Bielke
of the County
of Bakke Kloster, Norway
|
|
After the death of her husband, Daniel Bildt til Morland (1601-51),
Dorothea Bielke continued as the
official local representative of King Frederik III of Denmark-Norway.
She later arried Gabriel Rosenskold. The daughter of
Daughter of Chancellor Jens Bielke, she lived (1612-74),
|
|
 |
1651-52 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Hartvigsdatter Huitfeldt
of the County
of Dragsmark
Kloster, Norway |
|
Margrethe Huitfeldt
continued the tenantcy, after her husband, Thomas Dyre til Sundsby
(1605-51). As she had no children, she gave two of her estates
Sundsby and Aaby in Baahus Len to students at Gřteborgs Gymnasium. She
lived (1608-83). |
|
 |
1652-97 Sultan Fatimah of North Zanzibar (Tanzania) |
|
Succeeded Sultan Bakiri, her brother, who had been sultan of the whole
island. In 1652 Sultan ibn Seif of Oman drove her off the island, but
for the next forty years, the Portuguese continued to maintain the
upper hand and she was soon able to return to Zanzibar. In 1697 the
Arabs captured Zanzibar and took her prisoner, deporting to her
Muscat. After 10 years she was allowed to return, but her island
remained under Arab control. |
|
|
1652
Regent Dowager Countess Sophie von der Pfalz-Zweibrücken und
Birkenfeld of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (Germany) |
|
She
was widow of Kraft VII zu Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1582-1615-41) and in
charge of the government in the name of Count Johann Friedrich I von
Hohenlohe in Öhringen etc., the oldest son of her 14 children.
She
was daughter of Karl I, Pfalzgraf und Herzog von der
Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Dorothea zu
Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle, and lived (1593-1676). |
|
|
1652-76 Chiefess Wetamoo of the Wampanoag Tribe (USA) |
|
Daughter of the Sachem Corbitant of Pocasset, which was
located in and around present day Rhode Island. When Chief Corbitant
died, Wetamoo became the Squaw Sachem. When her brother-in-law died
mysteriously, she became convinced that the English had poisoned him.
This belief led to a hatred of the whites that dominated her life.
During the great war of the northeast against the
Pilgrims/Puritans/English, Wetamoo joined forces with the great
Wampanoag Sachem, Chief Philip. Since the whites could not understand
the concept of tribal living, or the role of the chief, Philip became
"King Philip" to them, and the resulting war lives in history as "King
Philip's War". She was known for her great beauty and for diplomatic
skills as well as her skills as a warrior. She was ever the fighter
for her people against the unfairness of white rule. She was a
powerful and regal Sachem and, at the height of her tenure, she
commanded some 300 warriors. The Plymouth colonists hunted Wetamoo and
her warriors continually during King Philip's War, but they always
were successful in evading the enemy. However, during one escape down
the Fall River, Wetamoo lost her footing and drowned. The Pilgrims
promptly cut off her head, and displayed it on a pike in the town of
Taunton. |
|
|
1652-64 Princess-Abbess Maria Caecilia von Greuth of Schänis
(Switzerland) |
|
The bishop leter know that she had to use the Court of the Diocese in
court cases. A relative of hers, Agnes III, was Fürstäbtissin of
Säckingen 1621-58. Maria Caecilia was daughter of Hugo Theodorich
von Greuth, of Klingenau, and Apollonia von Altendorp. |
|
|
1652-75 Princess-Abbess Maria Margarethe von Sigertshofen of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of a family of Lords of a territory in Schwaben in Germany. |
|
|
1652-54 Acting County Sheriff Anna Margrethe von Götzen
of the County
of
Abrahamstrup with Hornsherred, Denmark |
|
After the death of her husband, Jřrgen Schult til Finstrup, she was in
charge of the County and the Wapentake (County Subdivision). She owned different estates, among others Leiholm,
that she sold to her son-in-law, Niels Banner, who was married to her
daughter, Anna Cathrine Schult (d. 1675). She (d. 1684). |
|
|
1652-57 Acting County Sheriff Karen Gundesdatter Lange
of the County
of Sřbygaard with the Shire of Lřve,
Denmark |
|
Karen Lange acted after the death of her husband, Kristoffer Gřye til Assendrup (1584-1652), as the tenantcy had been granted them jointly for their lifetimes.
She was daughter of Gunde Lange til Sřfde and Anne Hansdatter Basse,
and (d. 1657). |
|
|
1652-...
County Sheriff Elsbet
of the County
of Kullegaard (At the time part of
Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
It
is not known how long she was in charge of the fief. She was widow of
Thomas Jakobsen. |
|
|
1653
Regent Dowager Duchess Anna zu Oldenburg-Delmenhorst of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (Denmark and Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Hans
Christian, she was regent for her 12 year old son, Christian Adolf of
Holsten-Sřnderborg in very difficult times, as the territory was
marked by the wars between Denmark and Sweden. After her son came of
age, she witdrew to her dowry, Gammelgĺrd.
She was daughter of Anton II von
Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and Sibylle Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Dannenberg.
Both her brothers died young and unmarried, one sister, Katharine
Elisabeth, was Abbess of Gandersheim and two of her sister's, Clara
and Sidonie, married a relative of her sister, Duke August Philipp of
Holstein-Beck. She lived (1605-68). |
|
|
1653-96 Sovereign Duchess Marie Françoise de Valois of
Angoulęme, Duchess of Lauragaisand Countess de Ponthieu et
d'Alais (France) |
|
Marie Françoise d'Angoulęme succeeded father, Louis Emmanuel, because all her brother died before
her, except Antoine Charles, who was illegitimate. Her
great-grandfather was illegitimate son of Charles IX. Her husband,
Louis de Lorraine, Duke de Joyeuse (Louis
de Guise-Joyeuse) was joint ruler until his death in
1654, and soon after she retired into the Abbey of d'Essay because of
mental problems. Since both her children died in infancy, the Duchy was inherited
by her step-grandmother Françoise de Nargonne. Marie Françoise lived
(1632-96). |
|
|
1653-80 De-facto Regent Princess Augusta Sophie von der
Pfalz-Sulzbach of Sternstein and Neustadt an der Waldnaab (Germany) |
|
Her
father, August von der Pfalz-Sulzbach, died in 1632, and her mother
Hedwig sent her to Sweden to live with her great-aunt, Queen Hedwig-Eleonore
zu Holstein-Gottrop. Augusta Sophie married Prince Wenzel Eusebus
Lobkowitz of Neustadt, who as Chancellor of the Emperor was away most
of the time and left the administration of the semi-independent
principality to her and in 1673 he officially appointed her regent. A
few years after his death in 1677 moved to Nürnberg. Mother of four
children, and lived (1624-82). |
|
|
1653-55 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Ottesdatter Skeel of
of the County
Stege,
Denmark |
|
Margrethe Skeel acted after the death
of her husband, Henrik Rammel. She was daughter of Birgitte Lindenov
and Otto Skeel. Mother of 2 children, and (d. 1651). |
|
 |
1653-55 Acting County Sheriff
Ide Jřrgensdatter Grubbe
of the County
of Ĺlholm with the Shires of Fuglse and Musse, Denmark |
|
Ide Grubbe was widow of Frederik Barnewitz til Rugbjerggĺrd and sister of Mette Grubbe. She (d. 1702). |
|
|
1653-72 Princess-Abbess Maria-Scholastica Klocker of Baindt
(Germany) |
|
As
Fürstäbtissin she was a member of
the Bench of Prelates of the Swabian Circle Estate (Reichskreisstandschaft),
the regional assembly of the Schwäbischer Kreis,
and as
Imperial Prelate she held a vote in the College of the Prelates of
Swabia, whose 22 members (Abbesses and Abbots) had a joint vote in the
Council of the Princes of the Imperial Diet, where the representative
of the Prelates sat on the Ecclesiastical Bench. The Diet of
Regensburg in 1663 prolonged itself indefinitely into permanent
session and thereafter was called the Regensburg Diet, or the
Everlasting Diet (Immerwährender Reichstag). |
|
 |
1653-56 Reigning Abbess-General Antonia Jacinta de Navarra y de
la Cueva of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in
Burgos (Spain) |
|
Daughter of Duke Felipe of Navarre de la Cueva y de Salazar and
Mariana de Mendoza. Her grandfather was Pedro batard de Navarra, whose
sister Isabel was Abbess from 1665. Antonia Jacinta became a nun at Las Huelgas and was later elected abbess. She is said to have received the stigmata
and was later declared
venerable - during
the investigation and process leading to canonization as a saint.
She lived (1602-56). |
|
|
1653-65
Abbess Nullius
Cesaria Indelli of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
|
In the alternative list of Abbesses her first reign ended 1656 and the second
lasted 1660-62. |
|
|
1654-68 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth IV d'Oyenbrugge of Nivelles,
Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
|
Her
surname was also spelled d'Oyenbrughe. |
|
|
1655-59 Princess-Abbess Johannetta Stephana von der Hees of
Keppel (Germany) |
|
According to the Westphalian Peace, which followed the Thirty Years
War, the ecclesiastical territories, chapters and convents should
revert to the situation prior to 1624. And at that time the convent
was protestant but two years later Prince Johann of Nassau
reintroduced Catholism, and therefore it was decided that Keppel
should be a double-denomination chapter (stift), and the post of
Abbess should alternate between Protestants and Catholics. Johanetta
therefore succeeded the Protestant Maria von Effern. She resigned from
the convent in order to marry, and was succeeded by another
protestant. |
|
 |
1655-92 Reigning Abbess Henriette
II de Guise of the Royal Abbey of Jouarre (France) |
|
Also known as Henriette de Lorraine, she was niece of Jehanne and
during her reign, the Abbey became powerful, because of privilege of
exemption, acquired in the 13th century. However this Abbess, too
sure of her prerogatives, had disputes and a lawsuit with Bossuet,
the bishop of Meaux. The "Eagle of Meaux", as he was known,
interfered violently. Henriette lost the case and resigned. However,
Bossuet could be gentle too as his letters to the nuns testify. He
wrote to them in 1695: "God loves Jouarre". Daughter of Claude de
Lorraine, Duc de Chevreuse, Prince de Joinville and Marie Aimée de
Rohan, Mademoiselle de Montbazon. Her oldest sister was, Anne Marie,
Abbess of Pont-aux-Dames, and she lived (1631-93). |
|
 |
1655-92
Regent Dower Landgravine Eleonora Katharina bei Rhein of
Hessen-Eschwege, the Principality of Hersfeld and the Counties of
Catzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhayn, Nidda und Schaumburg etc (Germany) |
|
Her
husband, Friedrich von Hessen-Eschwege, Landgraf zu Hessen, Fürst zu
Hersfeld, Graf zu Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhayn, Nidda und
Schaumburg etc.
(1617-55) fell during the first year of the war between Sweden and
Poland, and after his death, she administered the lands given to him
by the Swedes. She was born as Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein, and her brother
became King Karl X Gustaf of Sweden, after the abdication of Queen
Kristina. |
|
|
1655-63 and 1673-75
Joint Regent and Guardian Dowager Countess Maria Juliana von
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Langenburg of Limpurg-Schmiedelfeld and Gaildorf
(Germany) |
|
After the death
of her her first husband, Schenk Johann Wilhelm Limpurg zu Schmiedelfeld, she was in
charge of the affairs of state in the name of her children, Wilhelm Heinrich von
Limpurg-Gaildorf (1652-90) and Sophia Eleonora (1655-1722) together
with the counts
Wolfgang Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Waldenburg
and
Heinrich Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Langenburg.
1758 she signed an
agreement with Barbara Dorothea von Öttingen-Öttingen after the death of
Schenk Wilhelm Ludwig von Limpurg-Gaildorf, and 1663 she married Franz von
Limpurg zu Speckfeld, who took over her
membership in the Regency Council, until he died 10 years later.
She lived (1623-95). |
|
|
1655-58 Regent Dowager Countess Palatine
Dowager Countess Palatine Maria Eleonore von Brandenburg of
Pfalz-Simmern
1658-74 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Wadgasserhof in Kaiserslautern in
Pfalz-Lautern
(Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Count Palatine Ludwig-Philipp zu Pfalz-Simmern-Kaiserslautern,
his nepew, Karl Ludwig zu Pfalz, claimed the regency, but with the aid
of her grand-nephew, Elector
Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg,
she was confirmed as regent on 6. July by Emperor Ferdinand III. 3
years later, she took over the government in her dowry. Her 4 oldest sons died as
infants, the 5th, Ludwig Heinrich Moritz, survived to succeed his
father and also her oldest daughter, Elisabeth Marie Charlotte
(1638-64), survived and married Georg III of Liegnitz (1611-64). She lived (1607-75). |
|
|
1655-67 Hereditary Vice-Reine Geronima
Pignatellli
of Aragona, Princess
of the Holy Roman Empire, 5th Duchess of Monteleone, Countess
of Borrello (Italy) |
|
She
was daughter of Ettore III
Pignatelli, IV Duca di Monteleone (1574–1622), Viceroy
of Catalogna and Caterina Caracciolo Countess of S. Angelo dei
Lombardi and married to her distant cousin, Fabrizio Pignatellli V
Marchese di Cerchiara e III Principe di Noja,
who held the title of Vice-King of Aragon in the name of his wife
(uxor nomine). (She lived (1599-1667). |
|
|
1655-63 Sovereign Duchess Marie de Rohan-Montbazon of
Chevereuse (France) |
|
Marie-Aimée was first married to Charles d'Albert, Duke de Luynes, the
favourite of King Louis XIII and the most influential man in France.
After his death she married Claude de Lorraine, Duke de Chevereuse
(1578-1657) and bought the Duchy from him. In 1625 she pawed the way
for a liaison between Queen Anne and the English Duke of Buckingham.
The following year she was involved in a plot to kill Cardinal
Richelieu together with her lover the Marquis de Chalais. When the
plot was discovered Chalais executed and she send in exile in Poitou.
She withdrew to Lorraine and won over Duke Charles IV for the
anti-French coalition of Buckingham. 1628 she was allowed to return to
France but in 1633 she was banned again after her lover Marquis de
Châteauneuf betrayed state secrets to Spain, as it was discovered that
the Queen corresponded with her Spanish relatives, Marie had to flee
to Spain in 1637 and was only able to return after the death of the
king and the Cardinal. Her relationship with the Queen did not survive
her friendship with Cardinal Mazarin. She was again exiled after her
involvement in the plot to kill but returned at the beginning of the
Fronde and joined the party of the Prince de Condé. 1652 she was
reconciled with the Queen and finally left the political stage. She
left the Duchy to her grandson by her fist marriage, Charles Honoré
d'Albert de Luynes, and lived (1600-79). |
|
 |
1655-56 Acting County Sheriff Dorthe Eggersdatter Abildgaard
of the County of Antvorskov, Denmark |
|
Dorthe Abildgĺrd held the tenantcy
after the death of her husband,
Wentzel Rothkirch til Tjćreborg. She lived (1597-1657).
|
|
|
1655-56 Acting County Sheriff Dorthe Clausdatter Daa
of the County
of Akershus,
Norway |
|
Dorthe Daa married
the Councillor of State, Gregers
Krabbe til Torstedlund, who was appointed Stadtholder of Norway and
exchanged the tenantcy of Riberhus with Akershus Len in 1651. After
his death, she continued to act as the official local representative
of the King of Denmark-Norway. She had inherited the Estate of Espe
from her father, Claus Daa, in 1641, and
lived (1617-75). |
|
|
1655-56 Acting County Sheriff
Mette Jřrgensdatter Grubbe
of the County of Skivehus with the Shires of Harre, Hindborg, Nřrre and Rřdding, Denmark |
|
Mette Grubbe was sister of Ide Grubbe and widow of Ebbe Jakobsen Ulfeldt til Urup, brother of Corfitz Ulfeldt. They did not have any children, and she lived (1615-83). |
|
 |
1656-58 Regent Dowager Maharani Gangadhara Lakshimi of Cochin
(India) |
|
After the death of Rama Varma, The Velliama Thampuran (the Senior
Female member of the royal family) took over the regency, as there was
no successor. The Portuguese then commanded her to adopt five
Thampurans from Aroor and Vettath. She resigned in favour of Rama
Varma (1658-61) who was killed when Dutch attacked Cochin and the Rani
was sent to prison. Gangadharalakshmi was an honorary name and her
original name is still unknown. |
|
|
1656-61 Regent Dowager Princess Khadija Sultan of
Bijapur (India) |
|
After the death of her husband, Muhammad Adil Shah (1613-26-56) she was
regent for Ali Adil Shah II, but it is unknown how they were related
and rumours soon sirculated that he was a illegitimate child or no
child of Muhammad. The Mughal Emperor of Northern India used this as
an excuse to invad the sultanate but she managed to fend it of. During
her reign she was in close contact with the Dutch Eastindian Company.
1661-62 she made a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca and the following year
she went on a journey to Persia. It is not known what happned to her
after 1665. She was daughter of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
(1593-1611-26). |
|
|
1656-70/71 Regent Khunza Humayun Sultana of Ahmadnagar
(India) |
|
Today Ahmadnagar is a city in the State of Maharashtra in Western
India. |
|
|
1656-62 Regent Dowager Queen Luísa Perez de Guzmăo e Gómes de
Sandovial of Portugal |
|
Following the death of her husband, Joăo IV, she became regent for
son, Afonso VI (1643-56-67-75), who was mentally deficient. In 1658
the Dutch conquered Portugal's last colony in Sri Lanka, in 1661
Portugal gave up of Bombay and Tangier to England as dowry her
daughter, Catherine of Braganza who had married King Charles II of
England and the same year English mediation saw The Netherlands
acknowledge Portuguese rule of Brazil in return for uncontested
control of Sri Lanka. Afonso was deposed by his brother, Pedro II in
1667. She was daughter of the Duke of Medina Sedona and lived
(1613-66). |
|
|
1656-75 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Princess Eleonore Sofie
von Holstein-Sonderburg of Ballenstedt in Anhalt (Germany) |
|
Her
son 6th and first surviving son, Viktor Amadeus, was almost 20 when he
took as Reigning Prince over from her husband, Christian II von
Anhalt-Bernburg (1630-56) and she took charge of her dowry. The 23rd child
of Duke Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sřnderborg-Plön (1564-1622), by
his second wife, Agnes Hedwig von Anhalt, she was mother of a total of
15 children, and lived
(1603-75). |
|
|
1656-59 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Electress Magdalena
Sibylla von Preussen of and Administrative Unit of Colditz, The Estate
of Krakau in and Administrative Unit of Grossenhain, and
Administrative Unit of Lichtenwalde and the fore works of Frankenberg,
Sachsenburg, Neusorge, Zadel and Baselitz in Sachsen (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Johann Georg I von Sachsen (1585-1656), she took over her dowry of Colditz - the other possessions she already
acquired during their marriage, but she resided in Dresden. She was
mother of 10 children and lived (1586-1659). |
|
|
1656-77 Reigning Dowager Lady Juliana Sophia von
Barby-Mühlingen of the Administrative Office of Pewsum in Ostfriesland
(Germany) |
|
Her
husband, Enno Ludwig I, Graf and Fürst von Ostfriesland, transferred
the Office to her as her dowry. She was daughter of Count Albrecht
Friedrich von Barby and Sophia Ursula of Oldenburg in Delmenhorst, and
mother of 2 daughters. She lived
(1636-77). |
|
|
1656-59 County Sheriff Dorothea Christensdatter Sehested of the Counties of Halsnř Kloster and
Hardanger, Norway |
|
Also known as Dorthe
Sehested, she
was given control over the fief for two years following the death of
her husband, Lensmand Peder Juel (1623-56, who had been
Envoy to the Netherlands and Resident in
Sweden until 1655, where he had to keep an open eye at Corfits
Ulfeldt who was plotting against the Danish king. His first wife,
Margethe Jensdatter Juel had died in 1651 and they married in 1656,
and when he died shortly after, she
acted as the local representative of the King of Denmark-Norway in the
Counties of Halsnřy and Hardanger, and lived (1637-64). |
|
|
1656-58 Acting County Sheriff Sidsel Jřrgensdatter Friis
of the County
of Nyborg,
Denmark |
|
Sidsel Friis acted as administrator of the fief after her husband, Mogens Kaas til
Střvring, had died. Mother of 3 sons. |
|
|
Circa
1657-circa 1715 Queen Anne Totopotomoi of the Pamunkey Tribe,
Virginia (USA) |
|
Succeeded her aunt, Queen Cockacoeske.
Her husband, the chief Totopotomoi was killed during the battle in which he supported the
English against other Indian warriors. Her appearance at
the Colonial Council, in which she scornfully rejected the request to
furnish warriors for the Whites on the grounds that her people had
been neglected for the past 20 years, in spite of their friendship to
the Whites, was a dramatic confrontation between Indian and White.
1677 she signed "on behalfe of herselfe, & the severall Indians under
her Subjection" a treaty between the Indians and the Virginia
colonisers. It was only after strong promises of better treatment by
the colonists that she agreed to provide the needed assistance.
Following the end of the Rebellion, King Charles II of United Kingdom, presented her with
a silver headband, or coronet, inscribed Queen of Pamunkey. Little
more is heard about her following this period, beyond an appearance in
1715, when she visited the colonial authorities to request fair
treatment for her people. She lived (circa 1650-circa 1725). |
|
|
1657 Regent Dowager Marchioness Anna Maria Carafo of Sant
Emiliano, Botrugno and Melpignano (Italy) |
|
After the death of her husband, Carlo Castriota Acquaviva d'Aragona,
she became administrator of the feudal marchionate for her son
Francesco, who was succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice in 1679. |
|
|
1657-75 Regent Dowager Countess Isabella
von Vehlen und Meggen zu Raesfeld of Limburg Stirum Gemen (The
Netherlands) |
|
Widow of
Adolf Ernst of Limburg Stirum who had obtained the immediate lordship of
Gemen and Illereichen in the partition in 1644 and regent for their
son,
Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, Sovereign
Lord zu Gemen. |
|
1657-95 Princess-Abbess Maria Benedicta Schrattenbach
of
Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
|
In an official document from 1660, she is named as Frau Maria Benedicta, Äbtissin des
fürstlichen Stiftes Göss, geborener Gräfin von Schwarzenpach and in the
Topograhy of the Duchy of Steiermark from 1681, the entry about the chapter is
called "Das Hoch Adeliche Iungfraw Closter Göss. |
|
|
1657-87 Princess-Abbess Ursula Scherlin of Rottenmünster
(Germany) |
|
The
territory had been virtually abandoned during the Thirty Years War and
the convent was severely damaged by the many passing troops that had
made camp in the city of Rottweiler, the convent was put on fire,
looted etc. Ursula started the rebuilding in 1662 and managed to bring
the territory back in working condition. |
|
|
1657-60 Princesse-Abbesse Marie-Anne de Lorraine of Remiremont,
Dame of Saint Pierre and Metz etc. (France) |
|
Elected Abbess at the age of 11, she was daughter of Nicolas François,
who resigned as Cardinal in 1634 to become Duke of Lorraine (1634-61),
and Claude de Lorraine (1612-1648). She lived (1648-61). |
|
 |
1657-58 Acting County Sheriff Řllegaard Axelsdatter Gyldenstierne of the County of Mariager, Denmark |
|
Řllegaard Gyldenstjerne
til Bidstrup was widow of Christian Friis til Lyngbygĺrd, with whom she had a daughter, Sophie Amalie
Friis (1651-98). In 1660 she married a second time, to Cai Lykke, who
was forced to flee the country after being convicted for
Lčse majesté, and lived (circa 1630-97). |
|
|
1657-58 Acting County Sheriff Edel Jacobsdatter Rosenkrantz of
the County of
Landskrona
in Skĺne (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Edel Rosenkrantz took over the administration of the
tenancy after
the death of her husband, Knud Ulfeldt
til Svendstrup (1609-57), who had been in the service of the Danish
army for many years. He had first been married to Vibeke Clausdatter
Podebusk til Řstergaard, widow of Otte Lindenovs (1608-45), and her
first husband was Gabriel Laxmand. She (d. 1684). |
|
|
1657 Acting County Sheriff
Anna Elisabeth von der Groeben of the Counties of Halsted Kloster and Ravnsborg with the Shires of Lĺlands Nřrre and Sřnder, Denmark |
|
In charge after the death of her husband, Flemming Ulfeldt til Oreby. She (d. 1690). |
|
|
1658/1661-65 (†)
Joint Regent and Guardian
Dowager Duchess Maria Catharina von Braunschweig-Danneberg of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Germany) |
|
When her husband, Adolf-Friederich I von Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(1588-92-1628-58), died, she became regent for her newborn son,
Adolf-Friederich II, who became Duke of Strelitz (1658-1708). On
14.02.1661 she and her stepsons got imperial confirmation of the
regency (reichshofrätliche Bestätigung). Her oldest stepson was
Christian Ludwig I von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1623-92) the other Karl
von Mecklenburg-Mirow. Her oldest son was Friederich von Mecklenburg-Grabow
(1638-58-88). Of her 11 children, her daughters Christine (1639-93)
and Marie Elisabeth (1646-1713) were Princess-Abbess of Gandersheim.
She lived (1616-65). |
|
 |
1658-81 Reigning
Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Eleonore von Anhalt-Zerbst of the Castle and
Administrative Unit of Osterholm
in Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
(Denmark and Germany) |
|
The castle of Řsterholm was built by Duke Hans in 1592 and she took in
possession as her dowry after the death of her husband
Friedrich of Slesvig-Holsten-Norborg
(1581-1624-58), who was
succeed by his only child by first his wife, Johann Bogislaw of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg (1629-58-69-79), who was deposed.
Among her 5 children was
Dorothea Hedwig, who was Princess-Abbess in
Gandersheim (1665-78) until she married Count
1678 Gf Christof von Rantzau-Hohenfeld. She lived
(1608-81). |
|
 |
1658-59 Acting County Sheriff Elisabeth Avgusta Christiansdatter
of
the County of
Kalundborg, Denmark |
|
Frřken (Miss)
Elisabeth Augusta was daughter of King Christian 4. of Denmark and
Kirstine Munk. According to contemporary sources she gambled a lot and
was not a good "housewife", and therefore she had to sell the estates
of Boller and Rosenvold, which she inherited from her mother in 1658
in order to pay off her debts. She administered the fief for the
remaining part of the year after the death of her husband, Councillor
of the Realm (Rigsrĺd) Hans Hansen Lindenov, til
Fovslet, Allingkloster, Hundslund, Gavnř, Oregaard and Borgeby.
Like her sisters, she was sometimes known as Christansdatter and held
the title of Countess of Holsten.
Her only daughter, Sophie Amalie
Lindenov (1649-88), inherited the estates and bought a number of new
ones. Her husband, Claus Dĺ til Krćngerup, Vedtoftegĺrd og Dĺsborg,
was murdered in 1678, apparently on her command. 1681 she had Dĺsborg
named a Free-lordship (Barony) of Lindenborg with her nephew,
Christian Gyldenlřve, as heir, since her only child had died as an
infant. Elisabeth Augusta
lived (1623-77). |
|
|
1658 Acting County Sheriff Anne Iversdatter Vind of
the County of
Kronborg and the Shires of Holbro and Lynge, Denmark |
|
Anne Vind took over as holder of the fief
after the death of her husband, Arent von der Kuhla
(1599-1658). She was owner of Lřitved, and lived
(1622-74). |
|
|
1658 Acting County Sheriff
Karen Hansdatter Arnfeldt of the Counties of Halsted Kloster and Ravnsborg with the Shires of Lĺland, Nřrre and Sřnder, Denmark |
|
Karen Arnfeldt was widow of Frederik Urne, and lived (1598-1673). |
|
|
1658-59 Acting County Sheriff Helvig Nielsdatter Skinkel of
the County of
Dalum, Denmark |
|
Helvig Skinkel med Lilje was Widow of Iver Vind til Nřrholm. She lived
(1602-67). |
|
|
1658
Acting County Sheriff
Else Friis of Trřnsberg Len and St. Olavs Kloster, Norway |
|
She had been granted year of residence and income
of the tenantcy (nĺdsens ĺr) when her husband, Vincents Bildt til
Sem Kongsgĺrd, Verne Kloster et cetera, had been granted the fief by the
king of Denmark-Norway in 1658, but she got a financial compensation
and handed it over to
Johan Brockenhuus soon after her husband's death. She
(d. 1677). |
|
|
1658-59 Governor Marie Bonnard of Martinique (French
External Territory) |
|
After the death of her husband, governor Jacques Dyel du Parquet
(1635-46 and 1647-58), she took action to secure the island for her
sons, Jean-Jacques Dyel d'Esnambuc (8 years old) and Louis Dyel du
Parquet (5 years). She called an Island Council and got the support of
the church. Father Feuillent then embarked on a journey to Paris to
secure the succession by the king. At his departure, she was appointed
regent for her son, and on 22 July 1658 she presided over a session of
the Conseil de la Martinique, during which Gourselas was confirmed as
Acting Governor. In August another Council, presided over by Gourselas,
deposed her, and she was imprisoned and interrogated by one of the
leaders of the revolt, de Plainville. In September the French king
named her brother-in-law Adrien Dyel de Vaudroques, joint governor
with her until the majority of the boys. In October she was again
recognised as the head of the Island Council after a
contra-revolution. Leaving the government to Gourselas, she departed
for France, but she died on the way. |
|
|
1658-72 Princess-Abbess Francisca von Schauenburg of Säckingen
(Germany)
|
|
Her
reign marked a period of rebuilding after the devastations of the
Thirty Year War. She was daughter of Hans Bernhard von
Schauenburg, of the Luxembourg Line, and Elisabeth von Schönau, and
lived (1588-1672). |
|
|
1658-70
Abbess Nullius
Marianna Acquavia d'Aragona of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
|
In the alternative list, she is listed as ruler 165..-56, 1671-72 and 1675.
She was daughter of the Count of Countess of Conversano, Giulio Acquaviva d' Aragona, 2nd Duke di Noci and Caterina Acquaviva d' Aragona, 6th duchessa di Nardň. Her sister-in-law,
Isabella Filomarino, was
regent of the County
1647-79. |
|
|
1658-76 Sachem and Chiefess Quaiapen of the Narragansett Tribe
(USA) |
|
The
word sachem, of Algonquian origin, was used among some
northeastern tribes to refer to their leaders. In contrast to chiefs,
who were chosen for their skill in battle or oratory, sachems held
hereditary, civil positions and ruled by consensus. Their
responsibilities included the distribution of land, the dispensation
of justice, the collection of tribute, the reception of guests, and
sometimes the direction of war or the sponsoring of rituals. Among the
Narragansetts, sachems held sway over villages, which formed the basic
political, territorial unit of the society. Most sachems were men, but
many women are known to have been sachems as well. She was the most
famous of the female sachems, also known as Magnus or Matantuck. In
addition to establishing her own sachemdom after she was widowed in
1658, she was the sister, wife, and mother of several other
Narragansett sachems. Rumors among white colonists of her marriage in
1649 to the sachem Mixanno aroused fear of an Indian conspiracy. That
fear took on a new form in 1675, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony
went to war against the Wampanoag sachem Metacom, whom white called
King Philip. I. She was killed in battle. |
|
|
1658-76 Politically Influential Electress Henriette Adelheid de
Savoie
of Bavaria (Germany)
|
|
Had
a strong influence over her husband Ferdinand Maria (1636-79), which
lead to the alliance between Bavaria and France against the Habsburgs.
She was mother of 7 children, and lived (1636-76). |
|
|
1659-86 Sovereign
Duchess
Maria-Giovanna-Baptiste de
Savoie-Nemours
of Aumale
1675-84 Regent Dowager Duchess of Savoy and Piemont (Italy) |
|
1652 her father, Charles-Amédé de Savoie, Duke of Nemours, Aumale and Genevois,
was killed in duel with his brother-in-law and her mother, Elisabeth
de Bourbon-Vendôme secured the income of the Lands of Nemours for her
two daughters, Nemours was inherited by another member of the family,
Geneve was re-incorporated into Savoy and she inherited Aumale,
which she later sold. She was first married to Charles de Lorraine, but the marriage was never
consummated and declared void. She became engaged in politics soon
after her marriage to Carlo-Emmanuelle II of Savoia, who named her "reggente
con il potere assoluto" on his deathbed. As regent she manoeuvred
between the super-powers at the time and remained in close contact to
her only sister, Queen Isabel Luisa Josefa of Portugal. When his son
Victor-Amedeo reached his majority at the age of 14, he asked her to
continue as regent. She had several young lovers, but neither they nor
their relatives gained long-term political influence. She said no to
becoming temporary regent when her son became king of Sicily in 1713,
but she was probably played an important role in the government, as
her grandson, Vittorio-Amedeo was only 14. She became an important
promoter of art and architecture in her later years as a widow.
Originally named Marie Jeanne, she lived (1644-1724). |
|
|
1659-63 Princess-Abbess Eleonora Theodora Vogtin von Elspe of
Keppel (Germany)
|
|
Also known as Vogt
von Elspe she was a Protestant, and like her Catholic predecessor, she resigned in
order to enter into a marriage. |
|
 |
1659-60 Possible Guardian Dowager Duchess Marie Elisabeth von
Sachsen of Holstein-Gottorp
1660-84 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Castle and Administrative
Unit of Husum in Holstein-Gottorp (Denmark and Germany)
|
|
At the time of the death of her
husband, Friedrich III of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, her 5th and oldest surviving
son, Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp, was just 18 and she might
have been his guardian for the first year. At least she did not move
to her dowry, the Schuss vor Husum (The Castle outside Husum) until
1660. She expanded her residence and promoted arts and culture, music
and gardening. Mother of a total of 16 children, and lived (1610-84). |
|
 |
1659-60
Acting County Sheriff Else Olufsdatter Parsberg of Stjernholm Len with Bjerge, Hatting and Nim |
|
Else Parsberg was widow of Laurids Ulfeldt til Egeskov, brother of Corfitz Ulfeldt. |
|
|
1659-60 Acting County Sheriff Else Olufsdatter Parsberg of
the County of
Stjernholm with the Shires of Bjerge, Hatting and Nim, Denmark |
|
Else Parsberg was widow of Laurids Ulfeldt til Egeskov, brother of Corfitz Ulfeldt. |
|
 |
1660-61 and 1668 De Facto Ruler Princess Nestan-Darejan of
Imerati (Georgia) |
|
After the death of her second husband, King Aleksandri III (1639-60),
she engineered the deposition of her stepson, King Bagrat IV, who
reigned 1660-61, 1664-68 and 1679-81, whom she had ordered to be
seized and blinded when he refused to marry her. She then married an
insignificant nobleman Vakhtang Jujuniashvili, and had him proclaimed
as king in 1660. They were deposed and exiled to Akhaltsikhe the
following year. In 1668 the Turkish Pasha of Akhaltsikhe restored them
but soon they were both killed. She was first married to Duke Zurab
Sidamoni of Aragvi. She was daughter of King Taimuraz I, King of
Kartli and Kakheti (Also known as Taimurazi Khan) and Princess
Khwarashan of Kartli.
She lived
(circa 1615-1668) |
|
|
Circa
1660-17.. Queen Regnant Nana .... of Nsuta (Ghana) |
|
Succeeded her aunt, Queen Nana Yita. |
|
 |
1660-72, 1697-98 and 1700-13 President of the Guardian Government
Dowager Queen of the Realm Hedvig-Eleonora von Holstein-Gottorp of
Sweden
1660-1715 Reigning Dowager Lady of
the Counties of Gripsholms, Eskilstuna, Strömsholms and Vadstena |
|
1654 she married king Karl X Gustav (1622-54-60), and the following year she gave birth to her only child, the later Karl XI. After her husband's death, she became Reigning Dowager Queen of the Realm (Riksänkedrottning) with two votes in the guardian-government for her son. Even
after her son married Ulrika Eleonora the older of Denmark (1656-93), she kept the position as the leading Lady in the realm. After her son's death she was again Regent grandson Karl XII. and finally she acted as regent during the Great Northern War. After her retirement she put all
her energy in her dowries, and became very rich, build elaborate castles and promoted arts and culture.
After her death her fiefs reverted to the Crown, but had a separate
administration until 1719. The following year a ban on distributing
dowries in the form of Counties and lands was introduced. She lived (1636-1715). |
|
 |
1660-71 Politically Influential Duchess Barbara Villiers of
Cleveland in England |
|
Became mistress of Charles II at Breda in 1660 and returned with him
to England at the Restoration. The king made her husband, Roger
Palmer, Earl of Castlemaine. She was the archenemy of the Earl of
Clarendon, the lord chancellor, and her glee at his downfall in 1667.
She was made Duchess in 1670, but by 1671 had been supplanted in
Charles’s affections by Louise de Kéroualle (the future Duchess of
Portsmouth). She bore the king several children, and lived (1641–1709). |
|
|
1660-1702 Princesse-Abbesse Dorothée-Marie de Salm
of
Remiremont, Dame de Saint-Pierre, Metz etc. (France) |
|
Elected Coadjutrice with the right of succession as a child, and
when Marie-Anne died, she was elected Abbess. 1677 she moved to the
chateau of some relatives, Neuviller-sur-Moselle, 3 days of travelling
from Remiremont, where she took up the fight for her position against
the Administratrice, Bernarde de Cléron de Saffre, The territory was
hit by an earthquake in 1688. 1691 she travelled to Paris to plead her
case before the king and the ladies of the chapter send Madame de
Bourdonné as their envoy. 1693 the king confirmed the seigniorial
rights over the town of Remiremont and continued to share the rights
of high, middle and low court with the town. Originally named Dorothea
Maria zu Salm, she was daughter of Prince Leopold Philipp Karl zu Salm
and Countess Maria Anna von Bronckhorst-Batenburg, Heiress of Anholt,
who died in Remiremont in 1661, and lived (1651-1702) |
|
|
1660-66 Joint Administratrice Hélčne d'Anglure
of
Remiremont, Dame de Saint-Pierre, Metz etc. (France) |
|
As
Dame Doyenne she was Second-in-Command. She protested against the election
of Dorothée de Salm as Abbess, since she was below the required age of
25 at the age of her election, but the Pope dispended for the rule,
and she became Acting Princess-Abbess of the Chapter, but remained in
dispute with Dorothée after she came of age until her own death.
(d.
1666). |
|
|
1660-66 Joint Administratrice
Bernarde de Cléron de Saffre
of
Remiremont, Dame de Saint-Pierre, Metz etc. (France)
1666-77 Administratrice
1666-84-1704-? Doyenne
|
|
Held the office of Dame Soničre and acted as administrator together with the Dame
Doyenne, Hélčne d'Anglure, for the under-age Princess-Abbess Dorothée de Salm.
After she was elected as Madame d'Anglure's successor she continued
the power struggle with the Abbess, who named her sister, Christine, as
"Second-in-Command" in 1700 and it was her who acted as Regent for the minor
Elisabeth Charlotte Gabrielle Lorraine from 1700 and 11 years onwards, not Bernarde.
(d. after 1704) |
|
|
1660-81
Reigning Abbess Maria Salome von
Bernhausen
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Mentioned as Oberbursiererin in 1639. In 1680 the main building of the chapter
burnt down. She was related to a large number of the canonisses and was daughter
of Hans Wilhelm von Bernhausen zu Eppishausen und Moos and Margarethe Blarer von
Wartensee. She lived (1593-1681). |
|
 |
1660-61 Acting County Sheriff Christence Frandsdatter Lykke of
the County of
Křbenhavn
with the Shires of Smřrrum, Sokkelund and Řlstykke, Denmark |
|
Christence Lykke was in charge
after the death of her husband, Franz Brockenhuus. The English version of Křbenhavn
is Copenhagen, the Capital of Denmark. Her
second husband was
Frederik von
Arenstorf.
She lived (1636-67). |
|
|
1660-61 Acting County Sheriff Dorthe Knudsdatter Urne of
the County of
Hald, Denmark |
|
Dorthe Urne
held the tenantcy after the death of her husband, Ove Brostrupsřn Gjedde,
who was in office from 1658. She was daughter of Knud Urne and Margrethe
Eilersdatter Grubbe, mother of 4 children, and lived (1600-67). |
|
|
1661-62
Acting County Sheriff
Cathrine Caisdatter Sehested of
the County of Dragsholm, Denmark |
|
Cathrine Sehested acted
after the death of her husband, Sivert Knudsen Urne til Raarup. The
same year she married Hans von Ahlefelt. She was a close friend of the
Danish Queen, and lived (1625-70). |
|
|
1661-62
Acting County Sheriff
Margrethe Frederiksdatter Reedtz of
the County of
Ĺrhusgĺrd, Denmark |
|
After her
husband, Malte Sehested til Ryhave og Boller, had died. She (d. 1697). |
|
 |
1661-67 Ret Abudok nya Bwoc of Shilluk (Sudan) |
|
The
Shilluks have a divine king who symbolizes the whole realm, and they
created life-sized representations of their first king, Nyikang. They
also made clay pipe bowls, hyena figurines, and masks. The Shilluk are
agriculturalists and herdsmen. They raise cattle, sheep, and goats.
The men hunt, herd the animals, and milk the livestock. Both sexes
take part in the agricultural work. Historically they were unified
under one King or Reth chosen from the sons of previous kings. Abudok
was the only female ruler of the people. |
|
|
 |
1661-1701 Sovereign Duchess Madeleine Charlotte de Clermont-Tonnerre of Piney-Luxembourg,
Princesse de Tigny, Countess de Piney and Baroness
de Dangu (France) |
|
Her
mother, Marguerite Charlotte de Luxembourg, had been Duchess 1616-31
and when her son by the first
marriage, Henri León d'Albert de Luxembourg, resigned in 1661 to become a deacon (known as L'Abbe de Luxembourg),
her mother resigned the duchy a second time, this time in her favour. Also known as Madeleine-Charlotte de
Piney-Luxembourg, she was born in her mother's second marriage
with Charles Henri de Clermont-Tonnerre, and when she married
Francois-Henri de Montmorency, who became known as the Duc de Piney-Luxembourg.
Luxembourg. Madeleine-Charlotte-Bonne-Thérčse de Clermont "called de
Luxembourg" lived (1635-1701). |
|
 |
1661-63 Sovereign Duchess Marie Catherine de La
Rochefoucauld-Randan of Randan
Marquise de Sennecey, Baroness du Luguet (France) |
|
Heiress of the County of Randan and was created Duchess, with a
remainder to her daughter, Marie Claire de Bauffremont-Sennecey and
her male children with Jean-Baptiste Gaston de Foix de Candale, Comte
de Fleix. They both resigned in 1663 in favour of Marie Claire's son,
who was known as duc de Foix. Marie Catherine (d. 1677). |
|
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1661-62 Overseer of the Crown Lands
Teofila Rej of Małogoszcz (Poland) |
|
Appointed by the Polish king to be in charge of certain aspects of the
local administration. |
|
Around 1661
Princess-Abbess Maria Benedicta von Schwarzenbach
of Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
|
In an official document, she is named as "Frau Maria Benedicta, Äbtissin des
fürstlichen Stiftes Göss, geborener Gräfin von Schwarzenpach." |
|
 |
1661-70 Politically Influential Princess Henriette-Anne Stuart
of England in France |
|
The
wife of Duke Philippe d'Orléans, who was gay, she became involved in a
love affair with her brother-in-law King Louis XIV. She played an
important political role, and acted as an envoy to the signing of the
Treaty of Douvres in 1670 between England and France. She was daughter
of King Charles I Stuart of England and Henriette-Marie of France,
mother of five children, and lived (1644-70). |
|
 |
1662-74 Regent Dowager Duchess Laura Martinozzi of Modena e
Reggio (Italy) |
|
After the death of her husband, Alfonso IV d'Este, she acted as regent
for their son two-year-old son Francesco II. Her daughter Maria
Beatrice d'Este became Queen of England. Laura was the nice of
Cardinal Mazarin, regent of France, and lived (1639-87). |
|
|
1662-67 Regent Dowager Fatima Sultan Saiyia Burhan of Kasimov/
Borjegin-Sibi (Russia)
1677-81 Sultan Regnant |
|
Also known as Khanbika Fatima Soltan or Sultana Sayyidovna, she was first regent or Saiyia
Burhan, before becoming ruler of the Ilkhan Kingdom of Qasim in
Central Asia in her own right and had the Khutba (sovereign's prayer)
proclaimed in her name in the mosques, the ultimate sign of legitimate
rule. She was a descendant of the Tatars Golden Horde and said to be
the last Mongol sovereign. The state was annexed by the Russian 1681
and she died the same year. |
|
|
1662 De-facto Ruler Imperial Princess Raushanara Begum of the
Indian Mongul Empire |
|
Seized the power during the illness of her brother, Emperor Aurangzeb
(1658-1707). Like her influential sister, Jahanara Begum Sahib, she
was unmarried, and lived (1617-71). |
|
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1662-65 and 1677-80
Reigning Abbess-General
Inés de Mendoza y Mińo of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de
Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
A relative (probably
her sister), Magdalena, was elected Seńora Abadesa of Las Huelgas
twice; 1669-72 and 1680-83. |
|
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1663-66
Queen Regnant Barbara of
N'dongo and Matamba (Congo and Angola) |
|
When her sister, Queen Nijinga, became Queen in 1623, she was
appointed as Member of the Council of Government. Before her christening, she had been named
Mukambu, Makumba). Her sister had tried to marry her off to her close ally Joăo Guterres, but the
Portuguese protested since
he was already married. Her reign was marked by civil war and she was killed by forces loyal to
the general Njinga Mona. Joăo succeeded 1669-70 but was also killed. She lived (1584-1666). |
|
 |
1663–67
Queen Regnant Tuan Puteri Saadong binti Raja Loyor of
Jembal, Puteri Vijaya Mala, Raja of Jembal (Malaysia) |
|
Also known as Puteri Saadong or Mariam, she succeeded
her adopted mother, Chek Siti Wan Kembang (1610-63) and her father,
Raja Loyor bin Raja Sakti, as Raja of Jembal in 1663. Married to her
cousin, Raja Abdullah bin al-Marhum Sultan Samiruddin, Raja of
Kelantan-Selatan (Jembal). She was captured by the Siamese and
forced to become a concubine of King Narai of Thailand in order to
spare her husband's life. He vowed to wait for her return and never
to remarry. However, after several years he gave up and remarried,
and when she returned, she is supposed to have killed her with her
hair pin, before leaving the Kingdom. According to some legends her
mother was Raja Hijau or the Green Queen of Pattani.
|
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1663-77 Regent Dowager Landgravine Hedwig Sophie von
Brandenburg of Hessen-Kassel (Germany)
1677-83 Reigning Dowager Lady of Schmalkalden etc. |
|
After the death of her husband, Landgrave Wilhelm VI von Hessen-Kassel
(1629-63), she first became regent for their firstborn son, Wilhelm
VII (1663-70) and after his death shortly before he was about to come
age, she automatically continued as regent for the second son, Karl
(1670-1730). She saw herself as the sole Head of Government Affairs (alleinige
Leiterin der Regierungsgeschäfte) even though she ruled together with
a Regency College, whose meetings she chaired almost daily. During her
time in office she also called and chaired 6 Meetings of the Estates
(Landrat). She managed to remain more or less neutral during the
disputes between Protestants and Catholics in the aftermath of the
Thirty Years War. She did not abdicate the regency until her son was
23, even though decrees, laws and coins were issued in his name from
the time he turned 18, but he seems to have been happy with the
arrangement and even after she took over the government in her dowry,
she remained influential in the Landgravate. Her third surviving son,
Philipp, became Landgrave of Hessen-Philippsthal. Mother of another
son who died as an infant and three daughters, and lived (1623-83) |
|
|
1663-66
Dowager Reigning Duchess Anna Sophie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow of
Parchwitz in Slesia (At the time part of Germany, now Poland) |
|
Widow of her half-cousin Ludwig
IV. in Liegnitz (1616-63) and daughter of Duke Johann Albert II. zu Mecklenburg-Güstrow.
Her only son, Christian Albert von Liegnitz lived 1651-1652. She lived
(1628–1666). |
|
|
1663-77 Overseer of the Crown Lands Konstancja
Kos of
Brodnica (Poland) |
|
Through the
era of the joint state of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions of
Poland in 1795, referred to the crown lands (królewszczyzna) administered by the
official known as starosta or starościna (for women), who would receive the office from the king
and would keep it for life. It usually provided a significant
income for the starosta. |
|
|
1663-70 Princess-Abbess Maria Appolonia Schweizer of
Heggbach (Germany) |
|
She
continued the building activities and at the same time paid back
substantial parts of the chapter's depths. Born in Ulm, she lived
(1604-70). |
|
|
1663-96 Princess-Abbess Franziska von Freyberg of Gutenzell
(Germany) |
|
As
a Swabian Fiefholder, she exercised the High Court-right of the
Marshalate of Swabia from 1685. |
|
|
1663-85 Princess-Abbess Johanna Maria von Holdinghausen of
Keppel (Germany) |
|
Joined the Chapter in 1655, and 11 years later she became Catholic. |
|
|
1663-72 Reigning Abbess Anne Séverine de Warlzel of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere,
Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
|
The privilege was confirmed in 16666 that the Abbey was under direct
authority of the Pope and not the local Bishop. She was daughter
of Lord of Warluzel and Rombrin. |
|
 |
1664-69 Regent Dowager Duchess Isabella Clara von Habsburg of
Mantova and Monferrato (Italy) |
|
Widow of Carlo II Gonzaga and regent for their only child, Carlo III.
Also known as
Isabella Clara d'Asburgo, she was daughter of Leopold of Tirol, she
lived (1629-85).
|
|
 |
1664-79 Regent Dowager Princess Albertina Agnes van Oranje-Nassau
of Nassau in Diez and Friesland, Groningen and Drente (Germany and the
Netherlands)
1679-96 Reigning Dowager Lady of Oranienburg (Germany) |
|
Her
husband, Prince Willem Frederik von Nassau-Dietz, Stadtholder of Drente
and Groningen, died from the wounds he got when he shot himself by
cleaning his gun. She then took over the government in Friesland,
Groningen and Drente for son Hendrik Casimir II of Nassau-Diez. In
1665 England and the Bishop of Münster declared war on The
Netherlands. As the main provinces of The Netherlands, Holland,
Zeeland and Utrecht had been without a Stadtholder since 1650; their
armies had been neglected, as the fleet was favoured. Count Johann
Moritz of Nassau-Siegen was put in charge of the army but still the
Bishop's army could not be stopped. Even the strongly defended city of
Groningen was threatened and to give moral support, Albertine Agnes
hurried to the besieged city. Pressure by King Louis XIV of France,
then an ally, forced the Bishop of Münster to withdraw. Six years
later, Louis XIV changed his mind and attacked the south of The
Netherlands himself, while the Bishop of Münster together with the
Bishop of Köln attacked the North. Albertine Agnes arranged the
defence and suggested opening the dykes to flood the lands. Her moral
support kept Johann Moritz of Nassau-Siegen going; and at last her
nephew, Prince Willem III of Orange became Stadtholder. She was born as
Countess van Nassau-Katzenelnbogen and lived (1634-96). |
|
|
1664-86 Princess Regnant Nyai Cili Muda of Solor (Indonesia) |
|
Succeeded mother, Nyai Cili, and was followed by son of her sister,
Sengaji Cili. |
|
|
1664-77 Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Franzisca zu Rhein of Schänis
(Switzerland) |
|
One
of her relatives, Johann Jakob zu Rhein von Morschwiller (1643-90),
was Domherr and Scholasticus of the Prince Bishop of Basel, where her
family had been influential since the 12th century. The next of her family to
reign the territory took office in 1701. She was daughter of Lorenz zu
Rhein, of a Ministerial family (Civil Servant Nobility), and Maria
Agnes von Rosenbach. |
|
|
1665-95 Queen Regnant
Keakealaniwahine of Hawai'i (USA) |
|
20th Alii Aimoku of Hawaii, she succeeded her mother, Keakamahana.
Her reign was a troubled. The house of ʻI
had controlled the Hilo district since the days of their ancestor
Prince Kumalae, the son of King Umi. had grown to such wealth and
strength, and importance, as to be practically independent of even the
very loose bonds with which the ruling district chiefs were held to
their feudal obligations. The representative of this house of the
district chief of Hilo at this time was Kuahuia, the son of
Kua-ana-a-I, and grandson of ʻI. What led to the war, or what were its
incidents, has not been preserved in the oral records, but it is
frequently alluded to as a long and bitter strife between Kuahwia and
her. She was married two or three times, first to her cousin, Chief
Kanaloaikaiwilewa, son of Chief ʻUmi-nui-kukailani, by his wife,
Chiefess Kalani-o-Umi, daughter of Kaikilani, 17th Aliʻi Aimoku of
Hawaii. She married second her half-brother, Chief Kane-i-Kauaiwilani
and might have also married Kapaʻakauikealakea She had a son
Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku by Kanaloa-i-Kaiwilena Kapulehu, who would
succeed her as the 21st king of Hawaii, and her daughter, Queen
Kalanikauleleiaiwi, was later co-ruler. She lived (circa 1640–circa 1695). |
|
 |
1665-75 Regent Dowager Queen Maria Ana de Austria y Austria of
Spain and The Indies |
|
Widow of Felipe IV and regent for son Carlos V (b. 1661). Her reign
was hampered by her dependence upon her Jesuit advisors and her
preference for her Austrian advisors. She was preoccupied with
combating Louis XIV of France's attacks on the Spanish possessions in
the Netherlands. Court nobles, lead by Don Juan José de Austria gained
the upper hand, and eventually forced her to resign. After his death
in 1679 she again gained political influence. She lived (1635-96). |
|
 |
1665-90 Regent Dowager Princess Christine Charlotte von
Württemberg-Stuttgart of Ostfriesland (Germany)
1690-99 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Office of Pewsum
and Breum
in Ostfriesland |
|
She was pregnant when her husband,
Georg
Christian, suddenly died after 3 years of marriage, and she reigned in the name of Christian Eberhard, who was born
a few months later. after his father.
She tried to change
the Principality into an absolute state
and she was engaged in disputes with the Estates for much of her time
in office and almost resulted in civil war a couple of times. But the
Emperor gave his support to the existing constitution and declared her
son to be of age before time. In 1690 the Estates pressured her to
hand over the government to her son, and she withdrew to her dowries.
She was daughter of Duke Eberhard III and Anna Dorothea von
Salm-Kyrburg, and
lived
(1645-1699). |
|
 |
1665-76 Sovereign Archduchess Clara Filicitas von Habsburg of
Tirol and Vorlaberg (Austria) |
|
Daughter
of Karl von Habsburg and Anna de' Medici. Married to Emperor Leopold I
of Austria, and mother of two daughters: Anna Maria Sophia (Born and
dead 1674) and Maria Josefa Klementina (1675-76). The territory was
incorporated into the Austrian-Hungarian Realm after her death.
Claudia-Felicitas lived (1653-76). |
|
|
1665-circa 67 Captain-Donatary Joana de Menezes of Santa Maria in
the Azores (Portugal) |
|
She was daughter of
Branca da Gama Freire, Capitana Donataria from 1646, and married to Jorge Mascarenhas. She was mother
of 2 children. Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Conde de Castelho Melhor
was Captain-Donatary from 23rd of May 1667 until 1720.
|
|
 |
1665-72 Reigning Princess Gryzelda Wiśniowiecka of Zamość
(Poland) |
|
Gryzelda Konstancja z Zamoyskich Wiśniowiecka
became the owner of the great
hereditary property of ordynacja zamoyska (Zamość) after her
brother's death. In 1669
she
managed to secure the Polish throne for her only son, Michał Korybut.
She
was the daughter of Tomasz Zamoyski, Voivode of Kiev and Katarzyna.
1638-1651 she was married to Duke Jeremi Wiśniowiecki of Wiśniowiec
and Łubnie,
and lived (1623-72). |
|
|
1665-1705 Sovereign Countess Anna Dorothea von Criechingen und
Püttlinge
of Criechingen
(Germany) |
|
Succeeded her brother, Ernst Kasimir von
Criechingen und Püttlinge (1640- 65)
and was married to Count Edzard Ferdinand von
Ostfriesland-Rietberg. She was succeeded by two sons, Edzard Eberhard
Wilhelm, who died two years later, and Friedrich Ulrich, who in 1710
was
succeeded by his infant daughter, Christiane Luise. Anna Dorothea was
daughter of Albrecht Ludwig von Criechingen (1610-51) and Altgräfin Agathe zu
Salm-Kyburg and lived (circa 1645-1705) |
|
|
1665-79 Joint
Regent Dowager Countess
Caterina di Capua of Conversano (Italy)
1679-83/85 Regent |
|
Her
husband, Cosimo (d.1665), was killed in a duel after 10 days as Count
of Duke and she became regent for her son, Guilio II (1665-91) jointly
with her mother-in-law,
Isabella Filomarino, who had
been regent since 1647. She was
daugher of Fabrizio, Prince della Riccia and Count
d'Altavilla and lived
(1626-1691). |
|
|
After
1665-88 Lady Anna-Elisabetha von Sachsen-Lauenburg of
Philippseck bei Butzbach in Hessen-Homburg (Germany) |
|
After Wilhelm Christoph von Hessen-Homburg's first wife Sophia
Eleonora von Hessen-Darmstadt died giving birth to their 12th child
they got married, but their marriage soon failed. Her husband tried
unsuccessfully to divorce her, but she was "exiled" to the Castle of Philippseck bei Butzbach, where she became a loved "mother of the
realm" (Landesmutter) who cared for the young and the poor and among
others founded several schools. She lived (1624-88). |
|
|
1665-68 Reigning Dowager Lady Dorothea von Holstein-Glücksburg
of Castle and Administrative Unit of Herzberg am Harz in
Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle (Germany)
1668-88 Political Advisor in Brandenburg
1671-89 Lady of the Lordship of Schwedt and the Castle of Caputh in Brandenburg
1688-89 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Unit of
Potsdam |
|
Her
first husband, Duke Christian Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle, died after 12
years of not very happy and child-less marriage and she lived at her
dowry until her marriage to Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg
3 years later. She took over the care of his 3 minor sons and had 7
children from 1669 to 1677, and all but one reached adulthood. She
also became his close political advisor. She was given the Amt Potsdam
and the Castle of Potsdam became her favourite residence and later her
dowry. From 1671 she also owned Caputh and she later bought the
Lordship of Schwedt, which became the basis for the Margravate of her
son Philipp Wilhelm, who founded the line of Brandenburg-Schwedt.
From 1673 she built the Neustadt/Dorotheenstadt in Berlin
which were given city rights in 1674.
She
was daughter of Duke Philip von
Schleswig-Holstein-Sřnderborg-Glücksburg and Sophie Hedwig von
Sachsen-Lauenburg, mother mother of 4 sons and 3 daughters,
and lived (1636-89). |
|
|
1665-69
and
1672-77 Reigning Abbess-General Isabel María de Navarra y de la Cueva of
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
| Daughter of Don
Pedro batard de Navarra and his mistress Beatriz Morales and
granddaughter of Pedro II de Navarra, 3. Vizconde de Muruzábal de
Andión. Her aunt, Jeronima de Navarra, succeeded her father in
1556 as 2nd Marquesa de Cortes, 7th
Vizcondesa de Muruzábal de Andión. She was married twice but had no
children. Another aunt was Antonia Jacinta, who had been Seńora
Abadesa of Las Huelgas 1653-56. |
|
|
1665-78 Princess-Abbess Dorothea Hedwig zu
Slesvig-Holsten-Nordburg of Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
Her full title was
Heiress to Norway, Duchess of Slesvig, Holstein, Stormarn and
Ditmarsken, Countess of Oldenborg and Delmenhorst, and she had been Dechaness since 1652 and lived a very free life for a
Fürstäbtissin. She later converted to Catholisism and married Count Christof von Rantzau-Hohenfeld (1625-96), and
Pope Innocentius XI sent a personal congratulation on occasion of their wedding. After some years she went on a a journey to Vienna, where
she paid her respect to Emperor Leopold. In Rome she moves in the circles of her far away cousin the ex-queen Christina of Sweden. In 1681 she gives birth to a son, Alexander Leopold Anthon, whose sponsors are queen Christina of Sweden, the German Emperor Leopold and her
brother-in-law, Duke Anton Ulrich of Braunschweig. Returned to Schleswig in 1682. She was
daughter of Duke Friedrich of Norborg and his second wife Eleonore von
Anhalt-Zerbst, and lived (1636-92). |
|
|
1666
Overseer of the Crown Lands Katarzyna Piotrowska of
Szadek
(Poland) |
|
Appointed by the Polish king to be in charge of certain aspects of the
local administration. |
|
|
1666-89 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Marie-Magdalene
zu Pfalz-Birkenfeld of Auleben in Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Germany) |
|
Widow
of Count Anton Günther I von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1620-42-66).
The
Pfalzgräfin was mother of 11 children and lived (1622-89). |
|
 |
1666-83 Politically
Influential Queen
Maria Francisca de Savoie-Namour of Portugal |
|
Known as Maria Francisca de Sabóia, she was
married to Afonso VI of Portugal and Afonso VI of Portugal in 1666. He
was an ill young man paralyzed of the left side of his body and
mentally unstable. In Lisbon she fomented a palace coup that ended the
government of Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor
and the following year she conducted a revolt together with her
brother-in-law Pedro, forcing the king to abdicate his powers and
consent to a practical exile in Terceira in the Azores. She also
managed to get an annulment of the marriage, by invoking the supposed
impotence of the king, and only months afterwards she married Prince
Pedro, now the Prince Regent. Afonso died in 1683, and her husband
became king and she was Queen until her death in December of the same
year. Marie Françoise de Nemours was daughter of Charles Amédée of
Savoy, 6th Duke of Nemours and Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendome and mother
of Isabel Luísa Josefa of Braganza, Princess of Beira. She lived
(1646-83). |
|
|
1666 Possible Titular Head of the Moctezuma Dynasty of the Kingdom of
Tecnochtitlan, the II Condesa de Moctezuma (Mexico) |
|
The gender of the second holder of the Countly tilte is not known. |
|
 |
1667,
1672 and 1678 Regent Queen Marie-Thérčse d'Austrice of France |
|
Did not have any part in political affairs except when she acted as regent during the campaign of her husband Louis XIV in the Netherlands. She was daughter of King Felipe IV of Spain and Elisabeth of France,
Heiress to the Throne,
and it was through her, that her husband (the Sun King) claimed the Spanish inheritance for their sons after the death of her half-brother Carlos II
in 1700. Of her six children only one survived her, the dauphin Louis, who died in 1711. She lived (1638-83). |
|
|
1667-74 Regent Dowager Duchess Sophie Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp
of Anhalt-Zerbst (Germany)
1778-80 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Castle and Administrative
Unit of Coswig |
|
Both she and her
daughter, Sophia Augusta, survived the smallpox but her husband,
Johann, died. She was named regent for their son,
Carl Wilhelm, who was Duke of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duke of Sachsen, Angaria
and Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst, Jever and
Knyphausen. After her son came of age, she withdrew to her dowry, but
the following year she suffered a number of strokes and fevers and had
to endure months of suffering before she died. The mother of 14
children of whom 5 survived into adulthood, she lived (1630-80). |
|
|
1667-75 Sovereign Duchess Louise-Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc
of Valličre (France) |
|
Given the duchy in 1667, but eight years later she resigned in
favour of her daughter, Marie-Anne de Bourbon, whose father was King Louis XIV, upon entering the Carmelite order as Louise de la Miséricode.
She lived
(1644-1710). |
|
|
1667-85 Joint Ruler Princess Francesca Maria Cristina di
Simiana of Masserano and Crevacuore (Italy) |
|
Reigned together with her second husband, Sovereign Prince Francesco
Ludovico Ferrero Fieschi of Masserano, Sovereign Marchese of
Crevacuore, Principe del Sacro Romano Impero sulla Contea di Lavagna,
Conte Palatino del Sacro Romano Impero, etc, etc. (1638-1685). The
state involved several small territories in northwestern Italy near
the Pennine Alps. She was first married to Francesco Valperga Conte di
Masino. Her second son, Carlo Besso (1662-1720) succeeded his father.
Her niece, Maria Irene Delfina di Simiana succeeded her brother as
Princess di Montafia etc. in 1706.
Francesca lived
(1640-1716). |
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1667-80 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth III von der Pfalz of Herford
(Germany)
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The
Pfalzgräfin was daughter of Elector Friederich V von der Pfalz and
King of Bohemia (The Winter-king) and Elizabeth Stuart. She was in
close contact with many of the philosophers and scientists of the day.
In 1661 was she elected Coadjutorin of the Abbess of the "reichsunmittelbaren"
chapter (Imperial Immediate Territory) for Noble ladies and in 1667 she was elected as
Princess-Abbess. She gave freedom of faith and shelter to a number of
protestant churches, which were not allowed elsewhere - among others
the Quaker. Her sister, Sophia von Hanover, was named Heiress to the
British throne in 1701.
Elizabeth lived
(1618-80). |
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1667-96 In charge of parts of the County Dowager Countess
Sophia Katharina von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg of Oldenburg
(Germany)
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After her husband, Anton Günther von Oldenburg (1583-1667) died, his
inheritance was split up because they had no children and his natural
son, Reichsgraf Anton I zu Aldenburg did not have any rights of
inheritance. The King of Denmark inherited the county; she remained in
charge of parts of it as her dowry and resided at the Castle of
Neuenburg. She was daughter of Duke Alexander of
Slesvig-Holsten-Sřnderborg and Dorothea von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
and lived (1617-96). |
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1668 Regent Vicereine Ana de Borja Centella Doria y Colonna
of
the Vice-Kingdom of Peru (June-November) |
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Ana de Borja y Doria's
Spanish title was "Virreina Gobernadora" and she was
appointed regent
by her husband and cousin, Pedro Fernandez de Castro Andrade y Portugal, Count of Lemos, Marquis of Sarria and Duke of Taurisano, who was Viceroy of
Peru 1666-72, when he went on a military campaign and
during his absence she issued a number
decrees and her authority was recognized by the Audiencia of Lima. She
met with them and other officials on 5 July 1668.
She was the daughter of Francisco Diego
Pascual de Borja de Aragón y Centelles, 8th duque de Gandía, and of
Artemisa María Ana Teresa Gertrudis, princesa de Doria de Melfi, and
mother of 5 children. She was a niece of Francisco de Borja y Aragón,
poet and viceroy of Peru (1615-1621) and related to other famous
members of the House of Borgia, including Pope Calixtus III, Pope
Alexander VI, and Saint Francis Borgia.
(1640-1706). |
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1668-82 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Countess Sophie Juliana zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach
of Obersulzbürg in Castell-Remlingen (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Count Wolfgang Georg I von
Castell-Remlingen (1610-68). Mother of 2 daughters and a son, and
lived (1620-98). |
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1668-71 Joint Guardian Dowager Duchess Marie Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
of Sachsen-Eisenach
1681-87 Politically Influential of Sachen-Coburg
(Germany) |
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Her 5th and only surviving
son, Wilhelm August,, was born 3 months after the death of her first
husband, Adolf Wilhelm, and her brother-in-law, Johann Georg
I, became regent and took over the whole Duchy when her son
died at the age of 3. She was influential during the reign of her
second husband, Duke Albrecht III
(1648-81-99). Their only son died within the first year of his life
in 1678. Her sister, Clara Augusta,
Reigned Weisshof as Dowager Duchess of Württemberg from 1682.
Marie Elisabeth lived (1638-87). |
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1668-1705 Princess-Abbess Madeleine-Thérčse de Noyelle of
Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
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She
was the second member of the de Noyelle-family to rule the territory. The
first, Marguerite V was in office 1561-69. |
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1669-95
Sovereign Duchess
Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł of Biržai,
Dubingiai, Slutsk and Kedainiai (Lithuania) |
|
Also known as Charlotte von Radziwill-Birze,
she was a magnate of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as the last agnatic-line member of
the most prominent Calvinists of Lithuania, and a descendant of the
Gediminids and Jagiellons. She spent most of her life in Berlin and
Königsberg, but laid much attention to her lands in the grand duchy.
Like her father, she funded the issue of books in the Lithuanian
language, and supported education and Calvinist parishes. She
established scholarships for Lithuanian students of theology in the
universities of Königsberg, Frankfurt an der Oder, and Berlin. She
was sued by King John III Sobieski for the alleged breach of the
prenuptial agreement with his son, Jakub Ludwik Sobieski, with the
intention to seize her estates. The case was lost, since it was
proven that the agreement was falsified. She first married Margrave
Louis of Brandenburg and after his death, Elector Palatine Charles
III Philip von der Pfalz, with whom she had 3 daughters; Leopoldyna
Eleonora, Maria Anna and Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, but only the
latter's issue survived. She was daughter of Bogusław
Radziwiłł/Boguslavas Radvila, Duke of Dubingiai, Governor of Prussia
(1620-69) and Princess Anna Maria Radziwiłł/Ona Marija Radvilaitė,
Heiress of Birzhai and Kedainiai (1640-67), and lived (1667-95). |
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Before
1669-74 Princess-Abbess Maria Sophie zu Salm-Reifferscheid
of Elten, Abbess of Vreden (Germany) |
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In
1669 she created a foundation in the "Princely and Imperial Free Chapter of Elten" and the "High Countly" to Vreden in favour of young women of
her family in both male and female line.
Daughter of Count Ernst Friedrich zu Salm-Reifferscheid in Bedburg and Countess Maria Ursula zu
Leiningen Her sister, Anna Salome, was sovereign of Essen. She lived lived
(1620-74). |
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Until
1669 Princess-Abbess Freiherrin Raitz von Frentz of Burtscheid
(Germany) |
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The
last of 4 members of the family who reigned the territory from
1618. And like the case with her predecessor, her first name is not
known. |
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1669-92 Princess-Abbess Maria Theresia I von Sulz of Buchau,
Lady of Strassberg
(Germany) |
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After her election the inhabitants of Strassberg
paid homage to her(Erbhüldigung) and later her other
subjects paid her the customary homage. After her inauguration, she stressed her right
to appoint the Priest of the Chapter against the Bishop of Konstanz
and she tried to attempted to reintroduce serfdom in Strassberg. She was listed among the Secular Princes
of the Swabian Circle in 1672, 1675, 1690 and 1692.
She left the College
of the Counts of the Realm (Reichgrafen) because of there ever
stronger attempts to interfere in the internal affairs of the chapter. The
chapter never fully recovered from the devastations during the Thirty
Years War and had sell a number of lordships and take up heavy loans
to survive.
She was daughter of Ludwig Ernst, Count von Sulz and Landgrave im Klettgau
and Countess Maria Elisabeth von Hohenzollern, and lived (1634-92). |
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1669-72 and 1680-83
Reigning Abbess-General
Magdalena de Mendoza y Mińo of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de
Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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A relative (probably
her sister), Inés, was elected Seńora Abadesa of Las Huelgas twice;
1662-65 and 1677-80. |
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