Until 1870 Rani Regnant U Ka Sar of Nobo Sohphok Khasi  (India)

Ruler of the Matriarchal and Matrilineal Khasi Hill tribal people in Assam in the North of India.

1870-86 Adatuwang Regnant Pasule Daeng Bulaeng of Sawito, Datu of Suppa (Indonesia)

Daughter of La Pancaitana, Adatuang of Sawito, Arung of Rappang and Datu of Suppa; she married La Tan-ri Suki, Arung Kajaura, and Prince of Bone. Her daughter I-Basse Tan-ri Waru Kajuwara Hadi Abel Hadi Pelaiengi Pasimpa was regent for her infant son, the Sultan of Bone, before succeeding Pasule's brother as Datu of Supa in 1860. Pasule was succeeded in Sawito by the male ruler Palagau Aru Patojo, who reigned until 1902.

1870s-1889 Tononu Visesgan of Abomey (Benin)

In 1863 she was an assistant to Yavedo and by the 1870s she had emerged as the most influential woman in the palace. She "commanded" all the women of the court and was the richest woman at because of her successful trade endeavours. She was engaged in various succession-struggles, and emerged as a powerful spokesperson for accommodation with the French, in opposition with the heir, Behanzin, who seized her property in revenge after becoming king. Local court records from the early 1900s attests to her attempts to maintain control over women who had been granted to her by Gélé. 

1870-76 and 1879-83 Reigning Abbess-General María Pilar Ugarte of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)

1871-72, 1876-77 and 1887-88 The Princess Imperial Regent Isabel da Bragança e Borbon of Brazil
1889-1921 Titular Empress and Head of the Imperial Family of Brazil

Officially declared Heir to the Throne on 10.8.1850 and was regent during her father, Dom Pedro II's stays abroad. During her last regency she signed the abolition of the slavery. In 1889 her father abdicated and Brazil became a republic, and she went in exile in France, living at her husband's estate in Eu. She died on the boat on the way to Brazil in 1921 and was succeeded by her grandson, Pedro Henriques d'Orléans e Bragança (1909-81), who was later succeeded by his son Luiz. She lived (1846-1921).  

1871-95 H.H. I-Banri Gau Paduka Sri Sultana Siti Fatima, Arumpone of Bone (Indonesia)

Styled Arung Timurung and Datu Chitta before she succeeded her father, Ahmad Singkarru Rukka Arung Palakka. She married I-Magulaga Karaeng Popo, Prince of Gowa (d. 1902), whose mother was I-Tenri Pada Sultana Siti Aisha [Besse-Barru], Arung of Barru, daughter of To' Patarai Sumanga Rukka, Arung of Barru. Her ceremonial name was Matinroé-ri Bola Mapare, and her half-brother succeeded her. Her ceremonial name was Matinroé-'na Bola Mapare, and she was mother of a son and a daughter, and (d. 1895).

1871 "Queen" María Uicab of Tulum (Mexico)

A Mayan woman living on the Yucután Peninsula, who was known as the patron saint of Tulum, and was given the title of Queen. In 1871 the sacred Mayan ruins of the city of Tulum became an Indian shrine where a  "talking cross" was set up, and placed in the care of Maria.

1871-82 Military Leader Bartolina Sisa Vargas in Bolivia

When the indigenous insurgency Aymara-Quishwa of 1781 broke out, her husband, Tupaj Katari (Julian Apaza), was proclaimed Viceroy of the Inca, she was proclaimed vicereine in her own right. During the Siege of La Paz, the hierarchical level of management was shared between Tupaj Katari and Bartolina Sisa in equal conditions. In this way Bartolina was widely accepted and recognized by the immediate, intermediate, and superior leadership levels. She was executed when the insurgency was put down after 11 years. (She lived 1850/53-82).

1871-83 and 1885-88 Guardian Dowager Hereditary Princess Helene in Bayern of Thurn und Taxis (Germany)

The widow of Hereditary Prince Maximilian, who died 1867, she was guardian and administrator of the estates of her sons, Maximilian (1862-71-85) - who succeeded his grandfather, Maximilian Karl - and Albert (1867-1952). One of her sisters was Empress Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (Sisi) another, Elisabeth, married the King of Bavaria. Helene was born as Herzogin in Bayern and lived (1834-90). 

1872-73 and 187..-18.. Sultan Singa Madi Jimba Aicha of M'Bude (Comoro Islands)

In 1873 she was taken as a captive to Itsandra. As she was however treated well and even married Mussafubu it is possible that she has continued to be Sultan in Name. In this case her successor, Jumbe Boina Fumu, was possibly only a kind of governor. In 1880 she submitted to Saidi Ali of the Comoros. She was succeeded by Jema Niema bint Jumbe Fumu at a not known date.

1873-88 High Chiefess H.R.H. Princess Teari'i-maeva-rua III of Bora Bora (Thaiti/French Polynesia)

Teriimaevarua III was daughter of King Pomare V, she succeeded her aunt as Chiefess of Bora Bora Porapora. She was deposed by the French, and married her first cousin, H.R.H. Prince Teri'i-Hinoi-a-tua Pomare (1869- 1916), and lived  (1871-1934).

1873-1901 Guerrilla Leader "Ibu Perbu" Tjoet Njak Dien in Aceh (Indonesia)

"Ibu Perbu" means Queen, and in 1862 she married Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga. In 1873 Her father and husband joined the fight against the Dutch, and she followed them into the jungle. After both her father and husband was killed and the Indonesian forces defeated by the Dutch, she took over both her late husband’s and father’s army commands and led them in guerrilla warfare Her second husband was Teuku Umar, who was another relative. They led the two armies into a series of successful assault missions. In 1899 her husband was killed in battle, and she was again left to lead the rebel army alone, and retreated further into the jungle. She continued to lead the fight until the army was destroyed in 1901. One of her followers, Pang Laot Ali, felt sorry for her condition, hoped that the Dutch might give medical treatment for her. He deserted to the Dutch and bought the Dutch army into her camp in Beutong Le Sageu. They were completely caught by surprise and fought to the last man and woman except for Gambang and herself. It was only due to her blindness that she was captured and even then she held a rencong (a traditional Acehnese dagger) in her hand trying to fight the enemy. Her daughter, Gambang, however escaped deep into the jungle, where it is known that she continued the resistance until her death, which is believed to have taken place in 1910. Dien spend the rest of her life teaching the Koran in Sumedang, West Java. She lived (1848-1908). In 1964 she was declared a National Hero.

1874 Candidate for the Throne Dowager Queen Emma Kaleleonalani of Hawaii

Born as Chiefess Emma Kekelaokalani Young Nae’a, and married king Kamehameha IV, and after his death she was one of the candidates to succeed him in the vote held by the parliament. Their only son had died in1862 at the age of 4. She lived (1836-85).

1875-1908 Aru I Batari Toja of Barru (Indonesia) 

The Dutch officially recognized her succession after the death of her mother, Tenripada Siti Aisa, in 1876. She abdicated in favour of her son, I Jonjo Karaeng Limbangparang, who ruled until 1955).

1875-1926 Chief Advisor Queen Nenzima of Mangbetu (Congo)

Chief advisor of four kings, among others her husband, Chief Okondo of Mangbetu, who ruled the territory in Northern Congo (now Democratic Republic of Congo) until 1915. Nenzima lived (circa 1840-1926). 

1875 Chief Rosana Chouteau of the Osage Beaver Band (USA) 

Elected chief after the death of her uncle.

1876 Şevkefza Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, parts of the Balkans, parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa)

1876-87 Perestü Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, parts of the Balkans, parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa)

1877-80 De-facto Ruler Queen Jeanne Marau Taaroa of Tahiti (French Polynesia)

Her supporters tried to have her named successor to her mother-in-law Pomare IV, but the French insisted that her husband, Pomare V became king. He abdicated in 1880 and they divorced in 1888, but she remained very influential until her death. She lived (1846-1934).

1878-1908 Queen Madam Yoko of Kpaa Mende and Seneghum, (Sierra Leone)

Known as Mammy Yoko, she was a brilliant and ambitious woman who used her friendship with the British to gain control of Kpaa Mende. As a child, she was called Soma but acquired the name Yoko at her Sande initiation where she attracted admiration for her beauty and graceful dancing. After an unsuccessful first marriage, she became the wife of Gbenjei, Chief of Taiama; and although she had no children, he made her his head wife. When Gbenjei died, Yoko married Gbanya Lango, a powerful war-chief at Senehun. In 1875, she saved her him from a long imprisonment under the British by making a personal appeal to the Governor. Afterwards, Gbanya used her in diplomatic missions to the British and to other chiefs.
After the deaths of his she became the "Queen of Senehun". Within a few years, she had brought all of the Kpaa Mende region (now fourteen chiefdoms) under her nominal control through alliances, warfare, and her ability to call on the support of friendly British troops. She established a famous Sande bush in Senehun where she trained girls from throughout Kpaa Mende, sometimes giving the most beautiful in marriage to sergeants of the Frontier Police or to important chiefs. When the British declared their Protectorate in 1898, she commanded her people to pay the new tax — but her sub-chiefs rebelled. They held a secret meeting, blaming Yoko for "spoiling the country" by supporting the British police, taxes, and forced labour. She took refuge in the police barracks that withstood several attacks by her own subjects, and she was later awarded a silver medal for her loyalty by Queen Victoria. She ruled as a Paramount Chief in the new British Protectorate until 1906, when it appears that she committed suicide at the age of fifty-five. She lived (circa 1849-1908).  

1878-85 De-facto ruler Queen Supayalat of Burma 

The daughter of King Mindon Min, she was married to her half-brother, Thibaw. In 1882 she assumed full control over the government of Upper Burma, and her rule was described as "sharp as a razor." Thibaw was young, inexperienced, and effete. According to one of Supayalat’s maids of honour, "No one could stand against her when she was angry … It were better to face a tigress. Every one bent and shivered before her, and whatever orders she gave were carried out. The King was but a foolish school-boy before her." She is believed to have initiated the murder of around 100 members of the royal family. The situation was difficult with internal warfare and in 1885 Britain invaded the country and forced the king and Queen in exile in India. She had three daughters and lived (1859-1925).

Until 1878 Raja of Togean (Indonesia)

The principality is situated in an island group. Her name is unknown.

1878-80 Governor of Hawaii HRH Princess Miriam Kapili Likelike Kekaukuohi of Hawaii (USA)

Sister of King David La'amea Kamanakapu'u Mahnulani Nalaiaehu-o-kalani Lumialani Kalakaua I and Queen Lydia Kamakaeha Liliu-o-Kalani. She was mistress of 'Āinahau, the 40.000 square kilometre big royal estate. Granted the title of HRH Princess in 1874 and was mother of Crown-Princess Victoria Kauilani Kalaninuiahilakalapa Kawekiu-i-Lunalilo' (1875-95) who was heiress to the throne from 1891. Princess Miriam lived (1851-87).

1878... Regent Warquito Mastawat of Gera Walo (Ethiopia)

Ruled in the name of chief Muhammad Ala, who became Ras Mika'el in 1878. The boarder state was incorporated into Ethiopia in 1896.

1878-91 Proprietor Malia Jennings of Swain Island (American Samoa)

Until circa 1879 Queen Regnant Moh' of Guma (Ethiopia)

One of the boarder states, that were independent or under Ethiopian suzerainty before being incorporated into the Ethiopian Empire. Guma was part of the group of Giba States.

1879 Regent Princess Ivaki of Igunda (Tanzania)

Reigned in the name of her son, Chief Ikviaki, who succeeded her father. 

1879-99 Ratu Petronella da Costa of Djenilu (Indonesia)

Also known as Djeniloe it was a principality in the northern part of Belu-area, which is an area in the middle of the island of Timor, bordering East-Timor. She married Raja Rinoe Misek also known as Alexander da Costa (1880-1900) of nearby lying principality of Lidak, who was succeeded by their daughter, who was also named Ratu Petronella da Costa.

1881 and 1890-91 Crown Princess Regent Lydia Kamakaeha Liliu'okalani of the Hawaiian Islands
1891-95 H.M. Liliu’okalani, By the grace of God, Queen of the Hawaiian Islands
1895-1917 Head of the Sovereign Family

Before succeeding to the throne she acted as regent for 10 months during her brothers trip to Europe. After the American occupation Queen Liliu'okalani was Head of the Sovereign Family of Hawai'i. A strong nationalist, she tried to replace the Bayonet Constitution with one which would favour native Hawaiians, but was intimidated her into letting the old constitution stand. In January 1893, armed troops were sent ashore from a warship in Honolulu Harbour, and she was forced to surrender her throne. A provisional government took control of Hawaii. Crown Princess Kaiulani went to Washington to appeal for help. In 1894 the Republic of Hawaii was established with Sanford Dole as its President. In 1895 native Hawaiians, led by Robert Wilcox, revolted in an attempt to return the Queen to power. After 10 days of fighting, Wilcox and most of the other royalists were captured. They were sentenced to death, but saved by intervention of the U.S. government. Firearms were discovered buried in the Queen's flower garden, and she was arrested. For eight months she was held prisoner in one room of the Iolani Palace. Upon her release she went to Washington and was warmly welcomed by President Cleveland, who was unable to help her. Married to Lieutenant-General H.R.H. John Owen Dominus, Prince Consort of Hawaii (1832-91), but had no children and therefore her late sister's daughter, Princess Victoria, was heir 1891-1898 until her death. Liliu’okalani lived (1831-1917).

1880-83 Payung e-ri Luwu Datuk Opu Anrong Guru of Luwu (Indonesia)

Succeeded her nephew, Abdul Karim To Barue. The ceremonial name given to her after her death was MatinroE-ri-Tamalulu.

1880-1902 Princess Regnant Anna Elisabeth Aunoni of Amfoan (Indonesia)

1880-86 Queen Hompa Mpande of Uukwangali (Namibia)

In the Kavango, Uukwangali Queen Mpande succeeded King Mpasi who died in 1880. She was the 9th in the recorded genealogy of the Uukwangali kings and Queens. Succeeded by King Himarua who ruled until 1910.  

1880-84 Governor of Hawaii HRH Princess Victoria Kinoike Kekaulike of Hawaii (USA)

Daughter of HH Princess Kinoike Kekaulike and Alii Kuhio Kalaniana'ole, she was married to Alii David Kahalepouli Piikoi and mother of two sons. In 1891 the oldest, HRH Prince David La'amea Kahalepouli Kawananakoa, was appointed Heir Presumptive after HRH Princess Victoria Kauilani. After her death in 1899 he was second-in-line for the Hawaiian throne. He died in 1909 and therefore his son, Prince David succeeded Queen Lydia Kamakaeha Liliu-o-Kalani as head of the royal house in 1917. Princess Victoria lived (1843-84). 

1880-95 Governor of Kauai HRH Princess Virginia Kapo'oloku Po'omaikelani of Hawaii (USA)
1884-86 Govenor of Hawaii
1888-95 Guardian of the Royal Tombs 

Virginia Poomaikelani was daughter of HH Princess Kinoike Kekaulike and Alii Kuhio Kalaniana'ole and married to Hiram Kahanawai, a cousin of King Kalakaua. She lived (1839-95).

1881-93 Regent Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Walet Kancha Maharani Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi of Nepal

Also known as Tower Sri Panch or Crown Princess Lalit Rajyalaximi, she reigned in the name of her son H.H. Svasti Sri Giriraja Chakra Chudamani Narayanetyadi Vividha Virudavali Virajamana Manonnata Projjwala Nepal Tara Mahadhipati Shriman Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Maharajadhiraja Prithvi Bir Bikram Jang Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shamsher Jang Devanam Sada Samaja Vijayinam, Maharajadhiraja of Nepal, (1875-81-1911), who succeeded grandfather. Her husband General H.H. Crown Prince (Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Yuvarajadhiraj) Trailokya Bir Bikram Shah Deva had died in 1878. Maharani Lalita was the second daughter of the Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski, Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, Prime Minister of Nepal 1846-56 and 1857-77 and sometime Commander-in-Chief of Nepal. She lived (1854-1917).

1881-1902 Datuk I-Madellung Karaeng Kajuwara, Datu of Supa (Ajataparang) (Indonesia)

Succeeded her mother, Bassee Kajuwara Hadie Abel Hadie Pelai-eengi Paseemba, who ascended the throne in 1860, and was succeeded by nephew and husband of her daughter Besse Bulo, H.H. Haji Andi La Mappanjuki Karaeng Silayar Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibnu Sultan Husain, who was Arumpone of Bone in 1931-46 and 1950-60 trough his mother We Tan-ri Padarang, Princess of Alita, eldest daughter of H.H. La Parenrengi Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad, Arumpone of Bone. Madellung (d. 1902).

1881-8.. Sultan Mouna Chamou bint Mugné Mku of Mitsamhuli  (Comoro Islands)

It might have been her second reign. She was succeeded by the male sultan,  Bwana Fumu, who reigned until 1888. 

1881-84 High Chiefess Rere-ao Te-hau-roa-ari'i of Ra'iatea and Taha'a (Tahiti in French Polynesia)

Rereao succeeded her father, Tahi toe II, and was crowned at Uturoa Church. Died unmarried.  

1881-91 Owner Emma Forsayth of Takuu (Mortlock) Island (Papua New Guinea)

Togeher with her first husband, James Forsayth, she settled in the Duke of York Islands in 1879 and founded a widespread trading "empire". She bought the Takuu islands the islands from the chief of the Mortlocks, for four axes and 10 lb of tobacco. Her brother-in-law, R.H. R. Parkinson, helped establish commercial coconut growing. Both Parkinson, and ethnographer Churchill who visited briefly in 1884, remarked on the many abandoned house sites there and on the number of 14-meter canoes, similarly abandoned and fallen into decay for lack of men to handle them. Emma's brother, William Coe, became the first resident trader on the atoll. He moved on to another of her stations after several years. In 1891 she gave the islands, as a wedding gift to one of her sisters and her husband, Joseph Highly. She was daghter of Jonas Myndersse Coe, a US Commercial Representative to American Samoa and Joana Talelatale, a Samoan belonging to the Malietoa dynasty. Her mother’s bloodline was related to the Moli tribe and Emma was recognized by the Malietoa as a princess. Later partner with James Farrell and married to Paul Kolbe in Germany, and lived (1850-1913)

1881-94 Politically Influential Czarina Maria Feodorovna of Russia

Fulfilled her new role to perfection, bringing an enormous degree of elegance to the court. She also indirectly influenced her husband, Alexander III's deep suspicion of Bismarck and Hohenzollern Germany. She was Head of the Russian Red Cross and continued her charities and was constantly seen visiting hospitals and comforting wounded soldiers. It was during this time, when Russia's government seemed adrift, that the Dowager Empress lost complete faith in her daughter-in-law's involvement in governing the empire. After the revolution she spend her last years in exile in Hvidøre outside Copenhagen and never accepted the faith of her children and grandchildren. She was daughter of King Christian IX and Louise von Hessen-Kassel of Denmark. Her sister was Queen Alexandra of United Kingdom and her younger brother, Wilhelm, was elected king of Greece and took the name of Georg. Born as Princess Dagmar of Denmark, she was mother of five children, and lived (1847-1928). 

1882 Politically Influential Duchess Woizero Bafena of Ethiopia

Married to Prince Menelik, and was widely regarded as a plotting ambitious arriviste, Bafena earned the resentment of almost all of Menelik's relatives and followers. At some point she used Menelik's seal to issue false decrees, seized the treasure of the House of Shewa with many arms and transferred them to the fortress at Tamo. She also transferred a royal prisoner, Dejazmatch Meshesha Seyfu, Menelik's cousin and rival claimant to Tamo as well. Her intention was to put her own son from a previous marriage on the throne, removing any threat from Meshesha Seyfu as well. However, Meshesha Seyfu was able to win the loyalty of the soldiers in Tamo, who turned on Bafena and ended her plot. It was suspected that Emperor Yohannis had a hand in encouraging these plots. Meshesha Seyfu and Menelik were reconciled and Bafena admitted her guilt, blaming her actions on jealousy aroused by Menelik's attentions to the lovely young Wolete Selassie who had become his mistress. Bafena, already widely hated at court was banished in disgrace. However, a temporary reconciliation between Menelik and his wife was arranged by her friends. This attempt at reconciliation failed, largely because Menelik recognized that he needed an heir, and that Bafena was too old to produce more offspring. They were formaly separated.

1883-97 H.M. Ranavalona III, by the grace of God and the will of the people, Queen of Madagascar, and Protectrice of the laws of the Nation
1897-1917/22 Head of the Sovereign Family

Her personal name was Razafindraheti and she reigned as Ranavalo Manyaka III or Ranavalona. First married to prince Ratrima. After her succession to the throne, she married Premier Rainitairarivoy, who had also been married to the Queens Rasoherina and Ranavalona II and was the real ruler of the country. She had the misfortune to be caught up in the endgame of the manoeuvring that had been going on between the British and French since the beginning of the century. In 1885, she signed a treaty with France giving them various rights and concessions, which were deemed sufficient excuse to declare a protectorate over the entire island, which was recognized by Britain in the Anglo-French agreement of 1890. In 1894, the Queen and her government refused to follow French orders, and in 1895 the French sent an expeditionary force, which occupied Antananarivo with very little resistance. Rainilaiarivony was sent into exile immediately and died the following year, but the Queen and much of her administration remained, even after the official declaration of Madagascar as a French colony in August 1896. An insurrection followed soon after, the Queen's court was accused of encouraging it, and General Gallieni abolished the monarchy in February 1897. Ranavalona was deposed and sent to the island of Réunion. She adopted two of her sisters' daughters Princess Ranalavola and Rasoherina, and lived (1861-1917).

Around 1884 Sultan Mzade Badgini binti Munké Mwembwani of Badgini (Bajini) (Comoro Islands)

Ascended to the throne after the death of Umam wa Dari, who reigned (1852-84) and was succeeded by Khadija.   

Circa 1884, 1884-8.. and 1887-ca.88 Sultan Khadija binti Mugné Mku of Badgini (Bajini) (Comoro Islands)

It is not clear what happened to her after Hachimu bin Mugne Mku seized power in 1885, After he had been driven out in 1887 she was first arrested but later reinstalled as Sultane by Saidi Ali of the Comoros and French. Later she is known to have been in exile in 1888 and to have joined Hachimu the following year. (d. 1889). 

1885-86 Queen-Governor and Regent of the Realm H.M. Doña María Cristina de Austria y Austria-Este of Spain 
1886-1902 Queen Regent

Regent of Spain and its colonies, first during the vacancy of the throne and pending the gestation of a posthumous heir - her son Alfonso XIII (1886-1931-41), who was born 6 months after the death of her husband Alfonso XII. As President of the Council of State she was in close contact with the Premier and the other ministers. Politically the period was characterized, by constant switching of terms in office by the liberal and conservative political parties. Cuba, the Philippines and Puerto Rico were lost to USA. During her term in office, a wavering policy was used for facing the problems in Morocco during the first war of Melilla, (1893). Also, by agreement with France, the borders of the Spanish Continental Guinea were established, (1900). The regent was always highly esteemed because of her great discretion and tact and, after her son came of age, she devoted herself exclusively to family life and charitable works. María Cristina was born as Her Imperial and Royal Highness Archduchess of Austria-Hungary, Princess of Este and had been Princess-Abbess of Prague 1875-79, and lived (1859-1929).

1885 "Queen-in-Waiting" Infanta Maria de Mercedes de Borbon y Austria of Spain

Oldest daughter of King Alfonso XII and Queen María Cristina, she was possible heir to her father, and became Queen-in-waiting when he died, and until her mother gave birth to her younger brother. She married Prince Carlo Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain (1870-1949) who renounced his right of succession to the Throne of the Two Sicilies and was created Infante of Spain upon their marriage in 1901. She was Princess of Asturias and Heiress-Presumptive all her life (1880-1904).

1885-1902 Political Advisor Infanta Doña Isabel de Borbón y Borbón of Spain

After the death of her brother, Alfonso XII, she was the closest political advisor of her sister-in-law, the regent Maria Cristina, who in her will named her regent in the event should she die during the minority of her children. Isabel was heiress-presumptive, Princess of Asturias or second-in-line to the throne much of her life. Her husband, Prince Gaetano of the Two Sicilies, was created an Infante of Spain. They had no children, and Isabel lived (1851-1931).

1886-94 Regent H.H. Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Maharani Sakhya Bai Raje Sahib Scindia of Gwalior (India)

After the death of her husband, Maharaja Sir Jayaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath (1835-43-86), she ruled for her son, Maharaja Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Lashkar, (1876-86-1925). Maharani Sakhya Bai was also Colonel-in-Chief of the 1st Jivaji Gwalior Lancers and of the 1st Maharani Sakhya Raja's Own Gwalior Infantry, and lived (1862-1919).

1886-1912 Politically Influential Dowager Duchess Adelgunde von Bayern of Modena in Bayern (Germany)

From 1875, after the death of her husband Archduke Francesco V of Austria-Este, who had abdicated as reigning Duke of Modena in 1859 due to the Italian Unification, she mainly lived in Munich. From 1886 onwards she came to prominence when her brother Luitpold took over the Regency of Bavaria. They were referred to as 'Aunt Modena' and 'Poldi', and were an inseparable couple. Adelgunde had a great influence on her brother; together with Luitpold's daughter, Therese, she performed many social duties at Luitpold's side. Although regarded as plain and old-fashioned, she was nevertheless feared. Both the Bavarian ministers and the government in Berlin distrusted her as she was regarded to be the Habsburg influence in Munich. Mother of one child, Anna Beatrice, who lived (1848-49). Adelgunde lived (1823-1914).

1887-1900 Edwesohemaa Nana Yaa Asantewaa of Edweso (Ghana)
1896-1900 Regent of Edweso
1900 Leader of the Resistance

Appointed Queen Mother by her brother, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpesé, the Edwesohene, as successor to Nana Ampobin I. When her brother died in about 1894, she used her prerogative as Queen Mother to nominate her own grandson, to succeed to the vacant office. When he was sent into exile in 1896 she became regent. After the British deported the king of the Asante, she became leader of the resistance supported by some male leaders. Eyewitness accounts from Edweso indicate that she herself did not physically take up arms to fight. Her role has been described as being mainly inspirational. She was known to have visited the soldiers in the battlefield to ascertain how they were faring. She also gave directions and advice as well as supplied gunpowder. In the end she was captured and sent to Seychelles islands off Africa's east coast, while most of the captured chiefs became prisoners-of-war. She lived (1850-1921).

1888-94 The Rani Regnant of Tekari  (India)

Succeeded her grandfather, Babu Ram Badur Singh, as ruler of the Sikh principality in Punjab.

1888-1909 Sultan Salima Machamba bint Hamadi Makadara of Mwali (Mohéli) (Comoro Islands a French Protectorate)
1909-64 Head of the Royal Family  

She was daughter of Sultan Raketaka (Djoumbe Fatima) and Emile Fleuriot de Lange. Her mother was deposed in 18. Sultan Salima lived in France; she was married to Camille Paule (d. 1946), and never actually reigned. In 1909 was The French annexed the Island in 1909 and "deposed" her, where after the state was incorporated in the Comoro Islands. Also known as Ursule Salima, she lived (1874-1964). 

1888-89 Regent Princess Balia of Mwali (Mohéli) (Comoro Islands)

Member of a regency council for the absent Sultan Salima. 

1888-1906 Regent Rajah Putri of Maguindanao (The Philippines)

Rajah Putri sa Maguindnao bint Kudarat was daughter of Sultan Qudaratullah Muhammad Jamalul Azam or simply Sultan Untong, and maried Datu Utto or Sultan Anwaruddin Utto of Buayan, who also manoeuvred to be declared jointly as Sultan of Maguindanao. Openly, he was supporting the bid of his brother-in-law, Datu Mamaku, brother of Rajah Putri to become the new Sultan of Maguindanao. But the Spaniards opposed his inclination vehemently, and Rajah Putri became the ruler of the state. Maguindano was an Islamic sultanate set up by Malaccan noblemen fleeing the Portuguese conquest of Malacca. They settled in the southern part of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The sultanate is famous for its violent resistance to Spanish conquest. It was only subdued towards the end of the 19th century, just before the Spanish lost control over the islands to the United States.

1888-90 Te-mari'i-a-Teurura'i Ma'i-hara Te-uhe, Ari'i-rahi of Huahine (French Polynesia)

Teuhe I was proclaimed as Ari'i-rahi Te-uhe during an insurrection against the French, and fled to Tahiti to seek protection under her former husband, Pomare V 2 years later. Her second husband was Afai-au-Tatahi, from the Tuamotus. She was daughter of Te-ha'apapa II, Ari'i-rahi of Huahine and Te-uru-ra'i Ari'i-mate, Ari'i-rahi of Huahine and mother 1 daughter, who died young. (d. 1891).

1888-97-1914 Iyoba Iha II of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria)

Also known as Iheya, she was the Mother of Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi of Benin (1888-97-1914). There is evidence that she remained in Benin after the British deposed her son.

1888 Politically Influential Empress Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland of the German Empire

The daughter of Queen Victoria, she was also Princess Royal of United Kingdom. She was a very liberal person, and her husband, Friedrich shared her views, but he was already terminally ill with cancer when he became German Emperor in 1888, and only reigned for 99 days, but during his reign, she was very influential. She was hostile to the imperial chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, and estranged from her son, Wilhelm III. After the death of her husband, she was generally known as "Kaiserin Friedrich", and lived (1840-1901).

1888-1902 Representative of the British and Judge Mary Slessor, Okoyongo District (Nigeria)

An ordinary Dundee mill worker who became a notable missionary in West Africa. With enormous strength of will she unflinchingly took on the authorities to bring genuine benefits to the natives, setting up many schools, hospitals and churches throughout the region. Called 'Great Mother' by the Nigerians, she provided healthcare and education and stamped out barbaric tribal practices such as human sacrifice, ritualistic rape and the murder of twins. She lived (1848-1915)

1889-94 Reigning Queen Mother The Ndlovukati Tibati Nkambule 
of Swaziland
1894-99 Joint Head of State

Became ruler after the death of her husband, King Mbandzeni (1875-89). In 1894 her son, Ngwane II, became king. 

Circa 1889-96 I Merette of Cenrana (Indonesia)

Married to the 23rd ruler, Tandiwali, who ruled until 1889, but her reign is not certain until 1892. She was daughter of Jalangkara, who also ruled over Pambuang/Pembuang, and was succeeded by her son, La Galigu, who reigned until 1901.

1889 The Maradi Kavea of Sausu (Indonesia)

The government was in the hands of her husband, Rampabila, who was cousin of the previous Raja.

Before 1889 Ruler We Bangki of Rapang (Indonesia)

Inherited the principality after the death of her mother, We Madditana, and was succeeded by husband, La Pangoriseng, who ruled until 1889. Their son Sumanga Ruka ruled 1886-1904.

1889-94 Kpojito Kamlin of Abomey (Benin)

1890 Regent Queen Emma zu Waldeck-Pyrmont of the Netherlands
1890-98 Dowager Queen Regent of the Netherlands 

First acted as regent for her terminally ill husband King Willem III of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (14.-23.11.1890), and after he died, for her only daughter who succeeded to the Throne at the age of 10. Luxembourg passed to another branch of the Nassau-family. Emma was an able administrator, remained her daughter's closest advisor, and became extremely popular. She lived (1858-1934).

1890-1948 H.M. Wilhelmina, By the Grace of God Queen of the Netherlands (23.11.1890-04.09.1948)

Also Princess of Oranje-Nassau etc, etc, etc. The Netherlands at the time included Oostindia (Indonesia), Dutch Guyana (Suriname) and The Nederlanse Antillen. Her mother, Emma zu Waldeck-Pyrmont, acted as regent 1890-98. Although a Queen in a constitutional monarchy she in fact had absolute veto power over any legislation, appointed each member of the Council of State, and could alone dissolve the States-General. Tactful, and careful to operate within the limitations of what was expected by the Dutch people and their elected representatives, a strong-willed Wilhelmina became a forceful personality who spoke and acted her mind. Her shrewd investments would make her the wealthiest woman in the world and the first woman to ever accumulate a net worth in excess of a billion dollars. In 1940 Germany invaded the Netherlands and Queen Wilhelmina and her family had to flee to England, where she took charge of the Dutch government, setting up a chain of command and immediately communicating a message to her people. She broadcast messages to the Dutch people over Radio Orange, which was eagerly awaited by her people who had to hide in order to illegally listen to them under penalty of death. During the war, the Queen was almost killed by a German bomb that took the life of several of her guards and severely damaged her country home near South Mimms, England. After the war she oversaw the reconstruction of the devastated country, but abdicated for health reasons in favour of her only child, Juliana.  Wilhelmina was married to Duke Heinrich zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands), and lived (1880-1964).

1890-97 Political Advisor Grand Duchess Sophie van Oranje-Nassau of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach in The Netherlands 

After the death of her brother, King Willem III of the Netherlands, her sister-in-law, Queen Emma became regent, and Sophie acted as her advisor and supporter. She was also first in line for the succession. She was married to Grand Duke Carl Alexander (1818-1901), was mother of two sons and two daughters, and lived (1824-97).

Circa 1890-1933 The Aru I Coma of Batulapa (Indonesia)

No other rulers of the principality are known.

Before 1891-1908 Ohamba Nekoto of Parts of Oukwanyama (Nambia) 

Mentioned in the writings of the German Lutheran missionaries that worked in Oukwanyama from 1891 to 1915. As a member of the royal family, she ruled over a large section of Oukwanyama where she took all relevant political decisions and sentenced in court. She was an aunt to kings Weyulu and Nande of Kwanyama and a great-aunt to the last Kwanyama king, Mandume, and exerted great influence over her nieces and nephews. Although she allocated the German missionaries a place to build their fourth Kwanyama mission station, Omatemba, in 1906, she was not at all interested in Christianity. According to the custom of the time, after the death of a female Ohamba her husband was to be killed to provide her company in the other world, but he was saved by the missionaries. Like any other female Ohamba, Nekoto enjoyed the prerogative to choose a spouse to her liking. When Nekoto married Haishi after the death of her first husband, Mombola, he had to leave his former wives, said to number five or six (as he was a wealthy man) in order to join her as her Oshitenya, or 'prince consort'. The role of the royal husband was to carry out and oversee all orders around the queen's area. However, he had no say in decision-making, although Haishi is said to have tried to act independently, too. It is not known when Nekoto was born but already in 1896 she was described as 'an old woman' (d. 1908).

1891-1931 Owner Mrs. Highly Calder of the Takuu (Mortlock) Islands  (Papua New Guinea)

Given the islands by her sister, Emma Forsayth, after her marriage to Joseph Highly. After his death in 1894, she married a Mr. Calder, and stayed on in the Mortlocks for the next 20 years. After World War I, the Mortlocks, being part of the former German territory of New Guinea, was taken over by the Australian Expropriation Board. Both Mrs. Calder and her daughter, Frances Highly Kroening, claimed possession of the islands. The property was awarded to Mrs. Calder, who died in 1931 in the Mortlocks from injuries she received when dynamite she was handling for killing fish exploded. 

1891 Honorary Seneca Sachem Harriet Maxwell Converse of the Six Nations (USA) 

Her Indian name was Ga-is-wa-noh -The Watcher, and she became the first white woman to be named chief of an Indian Tribe. Converse became chief of the Six Nations Tribe at Tonawanda Reservation in New York. The Seneca tribe had adopted her 7 years earlier because of her efforts on behalf of the tribe. She lived (1836-1903).

Until 1892 Queen Sandemani Famata Bendu Sandmani of Garwula and Ruler of the Vai Tribe  (Liberia)

Succeeded her husband as Queen of the Tribe, now a District in the Cape Mount Province. Her second husband was King Al Hai of Gallinas. Mother of one son.

1892-1914 Valida Sultana Emine Hanım of Egypt

At the death of her husband, Mohammed Tewfik, khedive of Egypt she was Appointed Valida Sultana - or Valide Pasha, and became the most powerful woman in the realm, acting as political mentor for her son II. Abbas Hilmi Paşa (1874-92-1914-44), who was deposed following the declaration of a British protectorate over Egypt. She was known as "Umm al-Mu'hsinin" in recognition of her many charitable endowments, and was the first consort to be styled Khediva Effendimiz from 1873. She was born as HH Princess Emine-Nacibe Hanimefendi, as the oldest daughter of HIH Princess Münire Sultan, tenth daughter of HIM Sultan I. Abdulmecid, and her husband, who was created H.H. Damad Prince Ibrahim al-Hami Pasha upon their marriage. Also known as Amina Najiya Khanum Effendimiz, she died in exile in Istanbul, and lived (1858-1931).

1893-94 Regent Queen Mother Ida of Ketu (Benin)

Also known as Kétou, it was one of the oldest Yoruba kingdoms in the country, and can be traced back to the fourteenth century. It is known for its colourful and beautiful woodcarving. In 1894 Queen appointed Oyengen king and he ruled until 1918.

1893-94 Sultan Mugalula of Nyamwezi at Zanzibar (Tanzania)

Abdicated as Sultan of Nyamwezi the same year. Abdicated as sultan and was succeeded by daughter Abd Msavila II in Nyamwezi, who also abdicated.  

1893-1924 Chiefess Msavila I of Kiwele (Tanzania)

Succeeded her aunt, Mugalula I in Kiwele and wad first succeeded by son and in 1929 by daughter Mulgalula II. 

1893 Politically Influential Saudatu of Sokoto (Nigeria)

1893-94 Princess-Abbess Karoline Immaculata von Habsburg-Lothringen of The Theresianian Noble Chapter at the Hradschin in Prague (Austria-Hungary)

Also known as Carolina, she was daughter of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (1839-92) and Maria Immacolata of The Two Sicilies (1844-99) and married to Prince August Leopold von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1867-1922) and lived (1869-1945). 

1894-19? Maharani Beni Prasad Kumari of Dumraon (India)

Succeeded father, Radha Prasad Singh (1841-81-94) as ruler of the principality in today's Bihar. 

1894-98 Myoza Ma Pu of Singaling Hkamti (Zingalein-Kanti) (Myanmar-Burma)

Successor of her father, Saw Hôn as ruler of one of the Shan-Thai principalities in the country. She was succeeded by Saw E, who had been regent since 1892 and ruled as prince until 1927.

1894-1902 Regent H.H. Soubhagyavati Maharani Sri Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Kempa Nanja Ammani Avaru of Mysore (India)

Also known as Maharani Empananjammanni of Vanivilasa Sanndihana or Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Avaru, she was in charge of the regency for her son, H.H. Maharaja Sri Sir Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV Bahadur, Maharaja of Mysore. She lived (1866-1934).

1894-1900 Kpojito Kanai of Abomey (Benin)

Reign mate of King Agoliagbo, the last reigning king of Abomey. At this time the office of Kpojito had become merely symbolic due to the European influence.

1895 Sultan Abd Msavila II of Nyamwezi (Tanzania)

Daughter of Sultana Mugalula, who reigned 1893-95 Msavila abdicated and was succeeded by Chief and sultan Katugamoto, who was deposed in 1898. 

Became Umugabekazi (Queen Mother) by the death of her husband King Kigeri IV Rwabigi and twice acted as regent for her son Yuhi V wa Musinga (1896-31). Rwanda was a Belgian colony at the time.

1895-1959 Rain Queen Khetoane Modjadji III of Balobedu (South Africa)

In 1894 her predecessor, Modjadji II, committed ritual suicide. She and her council had already designated the daughter of her "sister" and great wife, Khetoane, as heir. The Rain-Queens were, and still is seen as the embodiment of the divine order of the Lobedu Tribe, and one of their duties, and abilities, is to provide their tribe with rain.

1895-1940 Soledatu Siti Saenabe Aru Lapajung of Soppeng (Indonesia)

Succeeded a relative and married to La Pabeangi Aru Ganra, and succeeded by, son Andi Wanna (1940-59-61).

1896-1916 Regent Dowager Rani Laxmi Bai Raje Sahib of Akalot (India)

After the death of her husband, Raja Shahaji III, she was regent for adopted son Captain Meherban Shrimant Fatehsingh III Shahaji Raje Sahib Bhonsle (1894-96 - 1923), son of Meherban Shrimant Ganpatji Bhonsle.

1896-1944 Captain and Governor HRH Princess Beatrice of United Kingdom and Ireland of the Isle of Wright (United Kingdom)

Ninth child of Queen Victoria, she was private secretary of her mother 1874-1901. She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and after his death of malaria in Ghana, her mother appointed her as his successor as Governor and Captain of the Isle of Wight Governor, of the Castle of Carisbrooke and Steward and Sheriff of the Isle of Wight. Mother of three sons and a daughter, the later Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain. Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore lived (1857-1944).

1896-97 Rebellion Leader Mbuya Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana of the MaShona Nation (Zimbabwe)

Also known as Ambuya Vehanda Shona, she was a famous Shona spirit medium, who must have had great authority even before the 1896-97 Rebellion and she was instrumental in organizing the nationwide resistance to colonial rule during the First Chimurenga. As far as the people were concerned she and other spirit mediai were the voices of the God a.k.a Mwari, whom they believed would turn the bullets of the white man into water. She was arrested about a year after the rebellion, and brought to trial for her part in the killing of Native Commissioner Pollard, and sentenced to death by hanging. Two unsuccessful attempts were made to hang her, and only after her tobacco pouch was removed from her belt, the third attempt was successful. She was considered to be the female incarnation of the oracle spirit Nyamhika Nehanda who lived 500 yeas earlier. She lived (circa 1862-1898).

1897-1914 Joint Regent Queen Mother of Buganda (Uganda)

One of many wifes of king H.H. Danieri Basamula-Ekkeri Mwanga II Mukasa who was finally deposed in 1897, and though she seems to have been member of the regency-council for her one-year-old son, H.H. Kabaka Sir Daudi Chwa II (1896-97-1939), her name does not appear to be known.

1897-1936 Aru I Buabara of Kassa (Indonesia)

Head of one of the Bugis states until she abdicated in favour of son Andi Coppo, who ruled until 1952.

1897 Magau I Djeni of Parigi (Indonesia)

Also known as Jeni or I Djengi, and succeeded brother, Bapa I Henta was Raja Malolo, or heir to the throne, which he had refused to occupy after another relative, fled the state. (b. 183..-?).

1898-1935 Payung e-ri Luwu Andi We Kambo Opu Daeng Risompa of Luwu (Indonesia)

Succeeded father Iskandar Aru Larompang, and was the last traditionally installed ruler. Until around 1905 she was in opposition to the Dutch rule. The name given to her after her death was Matinroe/Matinrowe ri Limpomajang, and the last word indicates the place of her death. Her son, Andi Jemma Barue, was the last ruler of Luwu, Andi Jemma Barue (1936-46/49-59/60).

1898-circa 1900 and around 1905 Maradi Kavea Ta Saïnta of Sausu (Indonesia)

Also known as Tasa Inta, her residence was at Watunonju, and she succeeded her father, who had residence at Tomatonju. Neo-I-Sida was named as ruler around 1900.

1898-1900 Queen Madam Matolo of Nongowa and Panguma (Sierra Leone)

The Portuguese Colonial Powers appointed her Paramount Chiefess.
Married to King Faba Kpovowo of Pangum (d. 1889), who was
succeeded by son Nyagua, who died in 1898. She was succeeded by
daughter.

Around 1898 Queen Sarraounia of Azna (Niger)

Ruler of a animist group of Eastern Hausa. While some kingdoms readily collaborated with the French in the hope of finally subduing her and her kingdom, and others capitulated without a fight, she mobilized her people and resources, military as well as magical, to confront the French force which launched a fierce attack on her fortress capital of Lougou. Overwhelmed by the superior firepower of the French, she and her fighters retreated tactically from the fortress, and engaged the attackers in a protracted guerrilla battle which eventually forced the French to abandon their project of subduing her. Sarraounia means queen or chiefess, and among the Azna people of Lougou and surrounding Hausa towns and villages, the term refers to a lineage of female rulers who exercised both political and religious power.

1899-1921 Regent Indlovukazi Labotsibeni Gwamile Ndluli laMvelase of Swaziland 
1921-25 Joint-Head of State

Reigned until the installation of her grand-son as king Shobuza II (1921-82). After the South African War the British established their colonial rule in Swaziland in August 1902, and she devoted her energy challenging the British colonial state on various issues ranging from land to legal jurisdiction over the emaSwati. She remained Deputy Head of State until her death. (Died 1925).

1899-1909 Regent Dowager Rani Parabati Bai Shiba of Miroj (India)

Managed the affairs of state for minor son.  

Circa 1899-1946 Paramount Chief 'ariui henua Eva Ko Uka'a Hei'a 'Arero of Papa Nui (Easter Island/Isla de Pascua) (Chile) 

The last native chief of the Easter Islands. (d. 17.3.46).

Around 1899 Crown Princess Opotina of Ponape or Pohnpei (The Federated States of Micronesia)

Renounced her succession-rights to become a Christian missionary.