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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1740-1770
Female leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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1740-80
Empress
Maria Theresia,
By the Grace of God, Queen of Hungary and
Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria,
Duchess Moravia and Schlesia,
Queen
of Croatia and
Dalmatia, Princess of Transylvania and
Grand Duchess
of
Siebenbürgen, Duchess of
Burgundy, Steyer, Kärnten and
Crain,
Gelders, Limburg, Jülich, Luxembourg,
Brabant, Quilon, Bar and Franche-Comté,
Auschwitz and Zator, Princess of Schwaben,
Margravine
of Higher-Elsass,
Breisgau, Lower-Elsass and Antwerpen,
Princely Countess of Habsburg,
Flanders,
Hainault, Kyburg, Görz, Countess d'Artois, Boulonge, Namur, Ponthieu, Picardie, d'Eu,
Vermandôis, Charolais, Macon, Montbeliard, Zutphen, Nevers and Rethel
and Baroness
d'Ilês, Bar-sur-Seine etc. |
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She
was ruler of most of Central Europe, large parts of the Balkans and
Belgium and Luxembourg. Her father, Emperor Karl VI, drew up an
agreement, the Pragmatic Sanction; in order ensure the succession for
Maria Theresia and her husband. Not educated in statecraft, and
married to a weak but much beloved husband, Franz Stephan of Lorraine,
she succeeded her father in 1740. She fought the war of succession
against Friedrich II of Prussia, France, Spain and Bavaria. Between
1737 and 1756 she gave birth to sixteen children. She was healthy and
strong and would appear at the opera a few hours before the birth of a
child, then be driving through the streets a few hours afterwards. She
loved dancing, skating and horse riding, supervised the education of
her children and planned internal reforms for her countries. After
1748 Maria Theresia was given time to implement internal reforms.
Justice and taxation were centralized, nobles' privileges abolished
and indirect taxation introduced. The reorganized army would later
enable Austria to survive the Seven Years' War. She lived (1717-80) |
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1740-41 Regent Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia |
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Daughter of Catherina Ivanovna of Russia and Carl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
When her son, Ivan VI
(1740-64), was chosen as successor of her aunt, Tsaritsa Anna,
she was given the
title of Grand Duchess and was named regent for him until he was deposed by Elisabeth after a year.
She died during childbirth, and
her younger children lived in seclusion in the provincial
town of Horsens in Denmark, where her sister in-law, Juliane-Marie von
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel was Queen and De-facto In Charge of the
Government 1772-84. Anna lived (1718-46). |
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1740-97 Kpojito Hwanjile of Abomey (Benin)
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Also known as Naye Wandjele, she was the reign mate of King Tegbesu,
whom she helped gain power after Agaja's death after a civil war with
the designated heir. She - and possibly a successor trough positional
succession - was actively involved in Abomey politics for at least 60
years. She was highly skilled in the supernatural, and she is believed
to have been responsible for drastically changing the religious life
of the kingdom. She enhanced the position of the king, by controlling
the people via vodun (woodoo) and establishing a couple of creator
gods - and they thereby set up a joint monarchy, which controlled both
the spirits and the earthly sphere. In 1797 she was involved in the
murder of king Agonglo and she was buried alive. |
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1740-91
Administrator Rani Bhawani of the
Natore Rajbari
Zamindari (Bangladesh)
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In charge
of the huge estate after the death of her husband and some
aspects of local administration.
The landed estate of Natore was formed
in the early 18th century through grants from Nawab Murshid
Quli Khan, the near-independent diwan of Bengal.
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1740-86 "Ceremonial Centre of the Court" Queen Elisabeth
Christine von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Prussia and Hohenzollern
(Germany) |
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Her
husband, Freiderich II the Great (1712-40-86), preferred to live in
his own residence in Potsdam with his circle of male company, and left
her in charge of the official court. She received foreign guests; new
ambassadors were always officially presented to her and her husband
only attended official events from time to time. When he was absent
from Berlin for 6 years in a row during the Seven Years War, she
accepted real responsibility for the royal family and court, and when
the capital was twice occupied, she made the decision to evacuate the
court to Magdeburg. She has been become known as the "neglected wife",
and in her own life time she inspired pity rather than respect even
though she took upon her the task of maintaining the official face of
the court. She did not have any children, and lived (1715-97). |
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1740-84 Princess-Abbess Maria Franziska II von Manderscheid of Elten
(Germany)
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Elected as
successor of Eleonora Maria von Manderscheid as the fifth and last consecutive
sovereign of that Family in the Reichstift Elten (Chapter of the Realm).
1742 she banned excessive funerals and weddings and the following year
she banned private schools.
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1741-62 Imperatitsa Regnant Elisabeth Petrovna of Russia,
Empress and Autocrat of All the Russians, Tsarisa of
Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Kazan, Astrakhan, Poland, Siberia,
the Chersonnese Taurics, and Georgia, Lady of Pskov, Grand
Duchess of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia and Finland,
Princess of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigallia, Samogitia,
Bielostock, Carelia, Tver, Yongoria, Perm, Vlatks, Bolgaria, and of
other lands, Lady and Grand Duchess of Lower Novgorod,
Tchernigov, Riasan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslav, Belosero, Oudoria,
Obdoria, Condia, Vitebsk, Mstislav, and all the Northern Region,
Lady and Sovereign of the lands of Iveria, Cartalinia, Kabardinia
and the Provinces of Armenia, Lady of the Circassian and
Mountain princes, Lady of Turkestan, Supreme Defender and
Guardian of the Dogmas of the (Russian Orthodox) Church |
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Yelisabeth was daughter of Emperor Peter the Great, and born on before
her father's official marriage to Catherina I. On the night of
November 25, 1741, Elizaveta went to the barracks of the
Preobrazhenskii regiment and persuaded the soldiers to follow her. The
Braunschweig clan and a number of senior officials were arrested and
the 32-year-old Elizaveta was proclaimed Empress Regnant. On April 25,
1742, Elizaveta was crowned in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow
Kremlin. During her reign, significant advances were made economically
and culturally. She took the country into the War of Austrian
succession (1740 - 1748) and the Seven Years War (1756-63). Her
domestic policies allowed the nobles to gain dominance in local
government while shortening their terms of service to the state. She
also spent exorbitant sums of money on the grandiose baroque projects
of her favourite architect, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, particularly in
Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo. The Winter Palace and the Smolny
Cathedral remain the chief monuments of her reign in St Petersburg.
Generally, she was one of the most loved Russian monarchs, because she
didn't allow Germans in the government and not a single person was
executed during her reign. She was succeeded by her sister's son,
Peter zu Holstein-Gottorp, and lived (1709-62). |
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1741-56
Queen Regnant Ana II
of
N'Dongo and
Matamba (Ngola and Mbundu) |
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Known as
Ana the Second since Queen Njinga was known as Ana I as the Matamba accepted
the Christian names of former rulers and their dynasty. She faced a
Portuguese invasion in 1744, one of their largest military operations
in the eighteenth century. In the course of their attack, Matamba's
army inflicted a serious defeat on the Portuguese, but in spite of
this, a remnant of the army managed to reach the capital of Matamba.
In order to avoid a long war and to get them to withdraw, she signed a
treaty of vassalage with Portugal which renewed points conceded by her
predecssor, Verónica in 1683. While the treaty allowed Portugal to
claim Matamba as a vassal, and opened up Matamba to Portuguese trade,
it had little effect on the real sovereignty of Matmaba, or indeed in
the conduct of trade. Like Verónica I before her, she was interested
in developing Matamba as a Christian country, routinely sending
letters to the Capuchin prefect of Congo and Angola or the Portuguese
authorities requesting missionaries come and establish permanent bases
in her country. While the country was visited by missionaries from
Cahenda and also from the Barefoot Carmelites, a permanent mission was
not established. (d. 1741). |
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1741 Regent Dowager Princess Gan of The Volga Kalmuks (Lower
Volga Area) (Russia) |
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In
charge of the government during the whole reign of Kandul. She later
converted to Christianity and took the name Vera. Originally the
Kalmyks lived in Central Mongolia. Reaching the Volga region in 1630.
Since the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism has been the Kalmyk’s
religion, and they are the only European Buddhist people, living to
the northwest of the Caspian area. They live on the northwest shores
of the Caspian Sea in the lower regions of the soviet Dagestan.
Kalmyks are of the Turkic language group. |
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1741-51
Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager
Duchess Anna Sophie Charlotte von Brandenburg-Schwedt of Sangerhausen in Sachsen-Eisenach (Germany) |
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Second wife of Duke Wilhelm Heinrich von
Sachsen-Eisenach–Jena (1691–1741) who did not have any children with
either of his wifes. She was daughter of Margrave Albrecht Friedrich
von Brandenburg–Schwedt (1672–1731) and Marie Dorothea von Kurland
(1684–1743). She lived (1706-51). |
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1742-74 Princess-Abbess Maria Karolina von Königsegg-Rothenfels of
Buchau, Dame of Strassberg (Germany) |
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Also used the name, Maria Charlotte, and was daughter of Count Carl Friedel Desiderius von Königsegg-Rothenfels and Maximiliane von
Althann. One of her sisters, Anna Wilhelmine, was Abbess of Sankt
Ursula in Köln. Like the election of her predecessor, it took place
without the participation of the bishop of Konstanz.
She lived
(1707-74). |
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1742-73 Princess-Abbess Maria Alydis Zech of Heggbach
(Germany) |
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According to tradition she swore an oath of allegiance to Pope
Benedict XIV in the presence of the representative of the Paternal
Abbey of Salem. Prioress Marie Anne Assam claimed that Alydis'
election had not been fair, but resigned from her post after half a
year after having asked for forgiveness. She defended her rights as
ruler in various - expensive - court cases against the inhabitants of
the territory and neighbouring lords. After centuries of disputes with
the clerical superiors, the Abbots of Salem, the last mentioned had
agreed with the pope to leave the responsibility to another Abbey,
much to the disdain and chock to her and the Abbesses of among others
Baindt, Gutenzell, Rottenmünster and Wald, who all protested in a
joint statement. Because of illness she was not present at the College
of the Swabian Prelates (Schwabische Reichsprälatkollegium) in 1767.
The College had one collective vote in the Ecclesiastical Bench of the
Council of Princes in the Imperial Diet. The Princess-Abbesses of
Baindt, Gutenzell and Rottenmünster were present.
She lived
(1713-73). |
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1742-53
Reigning Abbess
Louise-Claire de Montmorin de Saint-Hérem
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Her
family belonged to a cadet branch of a noble family of Auvergne. |
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1742-45
Reigning
Abbess-General
Lucía de Mioño
of the
Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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As Abbess she was head of the
dependent Parishes of Bercial and Lorilla.
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1742...
Reigning Abbess Marie-Charlotte de
Béthune of Bourbourg,
Lady of
Oxelaere, Noordpeene,
Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
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Elected as successor to her aunt, Madeleine-Eugenie de Béthune des Placques. |
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1742-50 Feudal Duchess
Giovanna Maria Teresa Doria del Carreto
of
Tursi, Principessa di Avella (Italy) |
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Daughter of Don Giovanni Andrea II, 3rd Duca di
Tursi, Principe di Avella, Grande de Espana of 1st Class 8.4.1712,
(1663-1742) and Donna Livia, daughter of Don Marcantonio Grillo,
Marchese di Clarafuentes e Signore di Capriata. First married to Don
Giovanni Andrea IV Doria Pamphili Landi, until the marriage was
annulled in 1741 and secondly with Lazzaro Maria Doria, Marchese di
Tizzano, Patrizio Genovese (d. 1753) and mother of Maria Giovanna
Doria, who succeeded her. She lived (1710-50). |
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1742-52 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Princess Hedwig Friederike von Württemberg-Weiltingen of the
Administrative Offices and Castles of Roßlau and Coswig in
Anhalt-Zerbst (Germany) |
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During her childhood
she spend
1693-95 by her mother's sister in Oels because her family had
to flee for the French troops. 1703 the family
fled to
Rothenburg ob der Tauber, the next year they stayed in Windsbach
near Ansbach. 1705 her father died and since her mother had
already been
mentally
unstable since 1696, she was placed under the
guardianship of an uncle, but still lived at the large
castle of Weiltingen an der Wörnitz until she again fled for the French in 1707. In 1715 she met Fürst Johann August von Anhalt-Zerbst and her
sister, Juliana Sibylla Charlotte
(1690-1735), who had been married to Karl
Friedrich von Württemberg-Öls (1690-1761) since 1709, gave the
permission to the marriage in the name of their mother.
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1742-60 Politically Influential Princess Palatine Elisabeth
Auguste von der Pfalz-Sulzbach of the Pfalz (Germany)
1761-94 "Reigning" Lady of Oggersheim
1777-94 "Mother of the Realm" of the Kurpfalz (Palatine) |
| Oldest daughter and heir of Pfalzgraf
Joseph Karl Emanuel when married cousin Carl Theodor in a
double-marriage with her sister, Maria Anna, who married Duke Klemens
von Bayern. Since her brother's had died, she was the prime heiress to
the lines of Sulzbach and Neuburg, and after their marriage her
husband was elected Kurfürst von Pfalz. She is described as a lively
and happy person who engaged in various erotic adventures, and on the
political arena she was able to promote her political ideas in the
Kurpfalz. Especially in the first years of the Seven Year War she was
the centre of the court and was able to promote her interests in the
duchies of Jülich and Berg. In the first years of their marriage her
husband was described as weak, ill, melancholic and unable to stand up
to her, but in 1760 he started to take the affairs of state into his
own hands. Her only son died the day after his birth in June 1761, and
because of her husband's numerous affairs, she withdrew to the Schloss
Oggersheim in 1768, where she founded her own court and pursued
artistic interests and also became well loved among the population as
a benefactress. Her husband inherited Bayern in 1777 from the husband
of her sister, Maria Anna (see 1745) but they only saw each other for
a few times for the rest of their lives. After her husband had moved
to München she became Landesmutter (Mother of the Realm) in Kurpfalz,
and he concentrated on the upbringing of children of her sister, Maria
Franziska and Friedrich Michael von Pfalz-Zweibrücken. The Pfalz
remained neutral in the revolutionary wars, but later it was drawn
into the fightings and she escaped to Mannheim, her castle was looted
and burned down.
She lived
(1721-94). |
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1743-74 In charge of the Government Landgravine
Henriette Karoline
von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld of Hessen-Darmstadt (Germany)
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Managed the affairs of state during her husband, Ludwig IX's
involvement in various wars. After their marriage in 1741 she spend a
couple of years with her husband at the Prussian Garrison Prenzlau,
and of the 32 years of marriage they only spend 14 together but they
kept in close contact trough an extensive correspondence, and she used
this to exercise a considerable political influence, and became known
as "Die Grosse Landgräfin", the Great Landgravine. She was an
efficient administrator and made Darmstadt the cultural centre of the
time. Henriette Karoline Christiane Louise was mother of 6 children
and lived (1721-74).
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1743-57 Princess-Abbess Therese Wilhelmine von
Pollheim-Winkelhausen of Lindau (Germany) |
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Her family was in charge of the Lordship of
Ottenschlag that became the centre of the Low-Austrian Protestantism
in 16th and 17th century. |
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1743-74 Princess-Abbess Ursule Antoinette van Berlo de
Francdouaire of Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of
Nivelles (Belgium) |
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Member of a French-Belgian noble family, also known as
de Berlo de Franc-Douaire. |
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1743-59
Abbess Nullius Irene Margaritonte of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy)
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The ancient tradition of the clergy paying public homage to newly
elected and inagurated Abbesses was abolished in 1750. |
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After 1743
Princess Abbess Marie-Anne de Béringhen
of Faremoutiers (France) |
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At a not known time she was succceded by Claude de Durfort, a member
of the family of the Dukes de Duras. |
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1744 Governor and Stadtholder Anna-Maria von Habsburg of the
Southern Low Countries (Belgium and Luxembourg) (January-December) |
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Sister of Empress Maria-Theresa and married to her brother-in-law,
Prince Karl von Lothringen, who continued as Governor-General after
her death until 1746 and again 1749-80. She died in childbed and lived
(1718-44) |
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1744-46 Titular Queen Regnant
Thamar II Bagration of Kartli (Georgia) |
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7 years after the death of her father, of king
Vakhtang VI, she had herself proclaimed ruler jointly with her husband,
king Teimuraz II of Kakheti. Their son, Irakli II, became King of
Kakheti and Kartli, uniting the realms into the kingdom of Georgia in 1762.
Her mother was Rusudani of Circassia, and she lived (1697-1746). |
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1744-60 Administratrice Hélène de Cléron of Remiremont (France) |
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Dame Doyenne and Second in Command since circa 1717 she took over the role of
Acting Princess-Abbess after Anne Charlotte I de Lorraine left the
territory to take up residence by her brother, Karl von Lothringen,
Governor-General of the Low Countries in 1744, and was never to return
to her chapter.
(d. 1760). |
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1745-48 Regent Dowager Duchess Karoline von Erbach-Fürstenau of
Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Germany)
1748-59 Reigning Dowager Lady of Schloss Eisfeld |
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Also known as Caroline Amalie von Erbach, she took over the regency of the small duchy
with high debts after the death of her husband, Ernst Friedrich II
(1707-45), for their son, Ernst Friedrich III (1727-45-80).
She
took measures against the "wandering gypsies and
begging people", in which even the death penalty was possible.
Also restructured the Code of Criminal Procedure
and banned the sale of a fief, allodial title or real estate without
authorization by the sovereign. In a case before the High Court
against the Duchy of Sachsen-Meiningen
she was awarded the district of Sonnenfeld.
She was daughter of Count Philipp
Karl von Erbach zu Fürstenau und Michelstadt, Lord zu Breuberg and
Countess Charlotte Amalie von Kunowitz, mother of 3 sons and 1
daughter and lived (1677–1758). |
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1745-47 Overseer of the Crown Lands
Elżbieta Lubomirska
of Barcice and
Rytro (Poland) |
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Through the
era of the joint state of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions of
Poland in 1795, referred to the crown lands (królewszczyzna) administered by the
official known as starosta or starościna (for women), who would receive the office from the king
and would keep it for life. It usually provided a significant
income for the starosta. Married to Prince Ignacy Potocki, Marshal of the
Permanent Council 1778-82, Grand Clerk of Lithuania from 1773, Court
Marshal of Lithuania from 1783, Grand Marshal of Lithuania 1791-94,
and daughter of Sanisław Lubomirski and Elżbieta Czartoryska, and
lived (1755–1783) |
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1745-90 Politically Influential Duchess Maria Anna von der
Pfalz-Sulzbach von Bayern (Germany) |
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As
a leading member of the Anti-Austrian Patriotic Group at the Court of
Munich, she played a leading role in the continued existence of the
Electorate Bavaria as an unified state. Her husband, Herzog Clemens
Franz de Paula, was the nephew of Elector and Emperor Karl Albrecht
VII. After the death of the emperor in 1745 Maria Anna entered the
political scene. She managed to persuade the new Elector, Maximillian
III Joseph, to adopt a policy of neutrality. During the 7 year war,
(1756–1763), during which Bavaria sided with France-Austria, she took
up contact with Friedrich II von Preußen, and they engaged in a heavy
correspondence. After Elector Max III Joseph died in 1777, the
Bavarian throne was inherited by the husband of her sister, Elisabeth
Auguste (see 1742), Elector Karl Theodor von der Pfalz. He seemed to
be inclined to accept Emperor Joseph II's claims on parts of the
state, but Maria Anna advocated for a continued united Bavaria, and
found an ally in Friedrich II, who took part in the succession-war in
1778-79. She was also one of the leading forces of a the
Bavarian-Dutch movement for exchange of lands in 1784/85, and she
therefore supported Friedrich IIs "Prince-Union Project" of 1785 and
was able to secure the continued existence of the united Electorate of
Bavaria. She lived (1722-90). |
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1745-90 Politically influential Marquise Jeanne Antoinette
Poisson Le Normant d'Étioles de Pompadour in France
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Madame de Pompadour was the mistress of King Louis XV of France for
about 5 years after 1745, and remained his confidante until her death.
Of middle-class origin, she owed her success mainly to her
intelligence and capabilities. She urged the appointment of the duc de
Choiseul and other Ministers and encouraged the French alliance
with Austria, which involved France in the Seven Years War. She
favoured Voltaire and other writers of the Encyclopédie. She employed
many artists to decorate her residences, and encouraged the
manufacture of Sèvres ware. She
lived (1721-64). |
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1746-70 Sovereign Princess Irdana Bi Erdeni of Khokanda/Khugand
or Farghana
(Uzbekistan)
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Succeeded
'Abd al-Karim Khan (1736-46) and succeeded by Sulaiman who reigned for less than a year as Prince
of Khokanda, which is a city near Tashkent, now located in a far
eastern part of Uzbekistan. Founded in 1732, it stands on the site of
the ancient city of Khavakend, obliterated by the Mongols in the 3rd
century. It was ruled by the Dzungarian Kalmyks (Kalmucks) until 1758,
when it became part of China. |
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1746-77 Joint Sovereign Countess Maria Friederike Sophia
Charlotte von Hessen-Homburg of a Portion of Limpurg-Sontheim
1774-77 Reigning Countess of the Lordship of Limpurg-Sontheim-Gröningen
(Germany)
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The
only surviving daughter of Christiane Magdalena zu Limpurg-Sontheim
(1683-1746) and Ludwig Georg von Hessen-Homburg (1693-1728),
the inheritance of
her mother and 7 other female heirs which had been in dispute since
1713, was not settled until 1774 and she came in possesion of the
Lordship of Limpurg-Sontheim-Gröningen.
At the age of 13 she was
married to Karl-Philipp-Franz von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
(1702-63), who was was judge of
the Chamber Court, one of the highest offices in the realm, and was created
a Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstin.
According to her her granddaughter, Sophie, she was not very happy
about her inheritance of the Castle and Lordship of Gröningen, but
would have preferred Obersontheim, where she was born. But she soon
started modernizing the castle, and in 1776 she took up residence here.
As she was catholic she took over the Chapel of the Castle and build a
new evangelical church for the inhabitants of the village, and was succeeded by
the oldest of her 4 sons, Ludwig Leopold (1777-98-99), and and lived (1714-77). |
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1746-60 (†) Councillor of State Queen Maria-Amalia von Sachsen-Poland
of The Two Sicilies (Italy) |
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Became a member of the Council of State after the birth of her first
son, after 9 years of marriage. Her older son Carlos became son of
Spain, the younger, Fernando, King of Napoli. She
lived (1724-60). |
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1746-58 De-facto Ruler Queen Bárbara Bragança of Spain and the
Indies |
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Very powerful during the reign of her weak husband, Fernando IV of
Spain (1713-46-59), who depended completely upon her and like her
mother-in-law, Elisabeth Farnese before her, she excluded him from
policy making and kept him out of public affairs. She strongly
supported the diplomacy of neutrality. The new conjuncture of peace,
reform and good luck placed unprecedented revenue the royal couple's
disposal. She spent much of her time in a state of neurosis. Like her
husband, she went about daily in fear of sudden death, which her
asthmatic tendency may have encouraged. After her death, her husband
relapsed into a manic depression and died shortly after.
The daughter of King João V of Portugal and Maria Ana de Áustria, who
was regent of Portugal (1642-50), she was heiress presumptive for the
first two years of her life and second-in-line trough out much of her
life (1711-58). |
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1746 Sultan Mwana Mimi Hadiga of Patta-Pate and Witu (Kenya) |
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There were 4 sultans that year. Pate is an island of the coast of
Kenya. |
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1746-79 Joint Sovereign Countess Amöne Sophia II zu Löwenstein-Wertheim
of
2/6th of Obersontheim within the County
of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
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Daughter of Amöne Sophia I zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and married to
Bertrand-Philipp von Gronsfeld-Diepenbroick, Lord of Wijngaarden and
Ruigbroek, Drost of Muiden and president of the Admiralty of
Amsterdam and started the first porcelain factory in the
Netherlands. She was succeeded by son,
Johann Bertrand, though the succession was not undisputed until a
final agreement between all the co-heirs in 1775. He was married to
Friederike Charlotte, Gräfin von Erbach-Erbach. She lived (1718-79). |
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1746-98 Joint Sovereign Countess Karoline Christiane zu
Löwenstein-Wertheim zu Virneburg of
a Part
Obersontheim within the County
of Limpurg-Sontheim
(Germany) |
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Also known as Caroline Christiane,
she was the youngest daughter of Amöne Sophia I zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and married
to Karl Christian Wilhelm von Pückler (d. 1786) establishing the line
of Limpurg-Pückler. She was succeeded by daughter, Wilhelmine
Henriette Karoline and two sons. Karoline Christiane lived (1719-93). |
|
|
1746-57 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophie
Henriette Frderike
von
Schönburg-Waldenburg of
Amt Sontheim-Gaildorf within the Country of
Limpurg-Sontheim-Schmiedenfeld-Speckfeld (Germany) |
|
Known as Countess von Rechteren Limpurg, she was the daughter of
Friederike Auguste zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and first married to her
cousin Johann Philipp von Löwenstein-Wertheim,
owner of 1/6th of Obersontheim, who was son of her
mother, Friederike Auguste's sister, Amöne Sophia I. Secondly married
to her relative Friedrich Ernst von Weltz, the son of Albertine von
Limburg-Speckfeld,
and owner of 1/3rd of Speckfeld. Sophie was succeeded by daughter, Friederike-Amöne,
and lived (1718-57). |
|
 |
1746-75 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess
Friederike von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg of Langensalza in Sachsen-Weißenfels
(Germany) |
|
Widow of Johann Adolf II. von Sachsen-Weißenfels (1685-1746). In
Bad Langensalza she buit a small castle in
Roccoco Style with orangerie and intrigate garden. She was mother
of 4 sons who died as infants and one daughter who died at the age
of 10 in 1751. The daughter of Duke Friedrich II von
Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalena Augusta von Anhalt-Zerbst, she
lived (1715-75). |
|
 |
1746-47 Rebellion Participant Flora MacDonald in Scotland
(United Kingdom) |
|
After the defeat of the Jacobite uprising, and its leader "Bonnie"
Prince Charlie (Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender) at the
battle of Culloden in 1746, Charles was forced into hiding and Flora
MacDonald helped him escape. Disguised as a woman, Charles Stuart was
smuggled off the Isle of Ulst by Flora and Neil MacDonald (another
supporter). There were several close calls during the escape; news
arrived that General Campbell had landed on the island to search for
the fleeing prince. Soon after his escape, she was labelled as a
traitor, tracked down and arrested, and imprisoned briefly in the
tower of London. She later married her fiancé, Allan, and mothered a
family of seven children. She immigrated to North Carolina in the
1770s, but they later moved to Nova Scotia after they lost everything
supporting the British in the War of Independence. Several years later
she returned home to the Britain, where she lived until her death.
She lived
(1722-90). |
|
|
1747-ca.60 Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lele Perkasa Setiawan Dato'
Rambut Panjang, Dato' Undang of Luak Johol (Malaysia) |
|
Succeeded by another woman - Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa
Setiawan Dato' Putri Setiawan II, Dato' Undang of Luak
Johol (1760-90). |
|
 |
1747-52 Regent Dowager Duchess Johanna Elisabeth von
Holstein-Gottorp of Anhalt-Zerbst (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Christian August (160-42-47), she was
regent for son, Friedrich-August, who was Duke of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duke
of Sachsen, Angaria and Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg,
Zerbst, Jever and Knyphausen. Her daughter later became Catharina II
of Russia, and inherited Jever after the death of her brother in 1793.
Johanna Elisabeth lived (1712-60). |
|
 |
1747-63 Princess Mary Cousaponkeesa Musgrove Bosomworth of
Ossaba, Sapelo and Saint Catherine Islands (Creek Indian) (USA) |
|
Mary Musgrove was the daughter of a white South Carolina trader and an
Indian Princess - a sister of the "old Brim or Bream," Emperor of the
Creeks. In 1716 she married John Musgrove, and they established a
trading post at Yamacraw Bluff in 1732 and Savannah was founded on
this site a year later. The arrival of Oglethorpe and the settlement
of Georgia presented an unprecedented opportunity for Mary to advance
her fortunes both socially and financially. After her husband's death
in 1734 she married Jacob Matthews, who died in 1742 Three years after
she married Thomas Bosomworth and together they secured a grant of
Saint Catherine, Sapelo, and Ossaba Islands from the Creeks in
addition to a tract of land lying between Savannah and Pipe maker's
Creek. She acted as interpreter between the whites and Indians and was
also involved in the Indian wars.
She lived (1700-63). |
|
 |
1747-59 Princess-Abbess Franziska von Gall
of
Gutenzell (Germany) |
|
In
1753 the Chapter (Stift) came under the protection of von Kaisheim
with the approval of the Abbot-General Trouvé. During 1755-57
Dominikus Zimmermann finished the renovation of the Chapter Church in
Baroque style. His daughter, Alexandra, became Princess-Abbess in
1759. |
|
|
1748-50/53 Sultan Ratu Sarifah Fatima of Bantam (Bali)
(Indonesia) |
|
Appointed sultan after her husband, Mangkubumi was arrested after an
uprising against the Dutch occupiers. She was later deposed and banned
from the state by the same Dutch regents. |
|
|
1748
Regent The Dowager Rani of
Chamba
(India) |
|
Known as "The Jammu Princess",
she was widow of Paramanabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Ugra Singh who
was deposed in 1734 and died the following year. When her son,
Paramanabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Umed Singh Varma Deva succeede
(1725-48-64) a cousin, she was in charge of the government. |
|
|
1748-54 De facto co-ruler Queen Udham Bai of the Mughal Empire
(India) |
|
Became powerful after the death of her husband, Muhammad Shah (Rawshan
Akhtar) (1719-48), who lost the province of Kabul to Persia and during
whose reign other provinces became practically independent. Her son,
Ahmad Shah Badahur, was no stronger, and she dominated him completely.
When The Marathas in Punjab rebelled, her son chose to flee,
abandoning her and the other women at court. He was captured, blinded,
and deposed and died in confinement in 1775. |
|
|
1748-51 and 1754-56
Reigning Abbess-General
Josefa Carrillo y Ocampo
of
the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
Re-elected to the post of Abbess of the Abbey. |
 |
1748-82 Abbess
Louise Sophie Friederike af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glücksborg of
the Chapter of Vallø (Denmark) |
|
As
all members of her family she
used the titles: "Heiress to Norway, Duchess to Schleswig-Holstein, Glücksburg, Stormarn and Ditmarsken". She processed both secular and
ecclesiastical authority in the whole territory of the Lutheran
chapter for unmarried noble ladies, though the founder, Dowager Queen
Sofie Magdalene had secured herself the right of veto for life.
Louise Sophie was daughter of Duke Philipp Ernst of Holstein-Glücksburg
and his first wife Christiane of Sachsen-Eisenberg, she was succeeded
by her niece, Sophie Magdalene, and lived (1709-82). |
|
|
After 1749 Titular Senior Rani Uthradam Tirunal of Attingal in
Travancore (India) |
|
Adopted into the Royal House of Travancore in 1749, held the
Principality of Attingal as her dowry jointly with sister, and married a Kochi Koil Tampuran of Tattara Kovil. Mother of two sons. |
|
|
After 1749 Titular Junior Rani of Attingal in Travancore
(India) |
|
Together with her sisters, she was adopted into the Royal House of
Travancore. She married a Kochi Koil Tampuran of Edathara Matam.
Mother of one son and one daughter. |
|
|
Around 1750 Queen Kapango of Mbunza (Namibia) |
|
Sister of the Uukwangali Queen Mate I. She ruled around 1750
and settled in the Mbunza area of the Kavango. This resulted in the
establishment of the two kingdoms in the western Kavango, the
Uukwangali Kingdom and the Mbunza Kingdom. |
|
|
Around 1750 Hompa Mate I of Uukwangali (Namibia) |
|
In
the Kavango, the earliest recorded Uukwangali Queen was Mate I. She
ruled around 1750. She left the Mashi area and settled in present-day
Kavango, west of Nkurenkuru in today's Angola. Her sister, Kapango,
settled in the Mbunza area of the Kavango. This resulted in the
establishment of the two kingdoms in the western Kavango, the
Uukwangali Kingdom and the Mbunza Kingdom. The possible successor of
Hompa Mate I was Queen Nankali (between 1750 and 1775). |
|
|
1750-75 Hompa Nankali of Uukwangali (Namibia) |
|
The
possible successor of Mate I was Nakali. |
|
|
Before 1750 Queen Masamba Omubitokati of Bunyoro-Kitara
(Uganda) |
|
Olimi III was king (1710-30) and Duhaga I Cwa reigned (1731-82). |
|
 |
Until 1750 Queen Regnant Ululani of Hilo (Hawai'i) |
|
Daughter of Mokulani, 6th Alii of Hilo, she first married The Hon.
Keawe-a-Heulu. Her second husband Keawemauhili became joint chief of
Hilo, an island of Hawai'i. |
|
 |
1750-54 Queen Regnant Bety of Betsimisaraka of
Tamatave or Betsimisaraka
at the Île de
Sainte-Marie (Madagascar) |
|
In
the end of the 17th and the beginning 18th centuries, the Island of
Saint Marie was frequented by numerous pirates, who had good relations
with the local population. Ratsimilaho was son of the English pirate,
Thomas Tew White and a daughter of a local chief, set up his own kingdom.
After a rule of 30 years he was succeeded by his daughter, Bety or
Betty, who married the French pirate Jean Onésime Filet - known
as Zanahary. In 1754 her
mother, Mamadion, had the French administrator Gosse killed and the
rest of the French massacred, because he had profaned the grave of her
husband. Bety was blamed, and sent in exile at the Ile de France
(Mauritius), where she died. Her husband remained in power until
1767. She (d. 1872), |
|
|
1750 Regent Dowager Countess Karoline Friederike zu
Salm-Grumbach of Salm-Dhaun (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Johann Friedrich
zu Salm-Dhaun
(1727-50), she
assumed the regency for her son Karl Leopold Ludwig on 27 January and
when he died 23 Februray for her second son, Friedrich Wilhelm until
his death on 10 June 6, maximum months old. Thereafter the County became part of Salm-Grumbach. Married Karl Friedrich von Wartensleben (d. 1776) in 1756. She was born as Wild- und Rheingräfin in Grumbach, and lived (1733-83). |
|
|
Until 1750 Chieftainess Hoho of The Khoikhoi (South Africa) |
|
1713 a smallpox epidemic had decimated the Khoikhoi (previously known
as Hottentot) and in 1750 she was defeated by the Xhosa, and the tribe
was assimilated into the Xhosa, and the only trace of them today is
the click-sound in the Xhosa language. |
|
|
Circa
1750-60 Queen Awura Danse Poukou of Baule (The Ivory Coast) |
|
Successor of Asak Poku, who reigned from the beginning of the century,
and was succeeded by a niece, whose name is not known. |
|
|
1750-90 Sovereign Duchess Zofia Lubomirska of Opole and Medyka
in Lubelszczyzna (Poland)
1754-90 Ruler of Przeworsk and Dobromil
1754-90 Politically Influential in Poland |
|
Daughter of Aleksander Krasiński and Salomea Trzcińska. Until 1750 she
was married to Voivode Jan Tarło of Sandomierz. Since 1754 she was
married to Voivode Antoni Lubomirski of Lublin. I 1768-1772 she
supported The Confederation of Bar - a military union of nobility,
which fought against the Russian domination in Poland and the
political reforms of king Stanisław August Poniatowski. In 1788-1792
she supported actively the political reforms of king Stanisław August
Poniatowski and the Great Sejm. During the debate of the Great Sejm
she supported the Patriotic Party. She wrote the political books about
the reforms in Poland, and lived (1718-1790). |
 |
1750-64 Princess-Abbess Hedwig Sophie Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp of Herford (Germany)
|
|
Concurrently Pöpstin in Quedlinburg in a
personal-union, but resided in Herford, When she took office, she
confirmed Johann Moritz v. Oeynhausen zur Grevenburg
as tenant of a number of estats of the chapter, using the titulature: "Hedwig Sophia Augusta Herzogin zu Schleswig-Holstein,
Äbtissin des Stifts Herford", and in 1753 Freiderich Ulrich von Oeynhausen took
over. She was daughter of Duke Christian
August of Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp and Albertine Friederike zu Baden-Durlach. Her
sister, Friederike Amalie (1708-32) was a canoness at Quedlinburg. She
lived (1705- 1764). |
|
|
1750-74
Princess-Abbess Marie
Béatrice Breiten de Landenberg
of the
Royal Abbey of Andlau (France) |
|
Also known as Maria Beatrix von Breitenlandenberg. |
|
|
1750-... 2nd Asantehemaa Nana Nkatia Ntem Abamoo of
Asante (Ghana) |
|
As
Asantehemaa, or Queen mother, during the reign of king Kusi Obodom
(1750-64), she was a full member and co-President of the governing
body and she took part in all important decisions. She was de facto
royal co-ordinator and possessed traditional legitimacy in determining
the right successor to the stool of the Ashanti King. She exercised a
general supervisory authority over women but did not in fact represent
the overall interest of the women. Nana Nkatia was succeeded by Kaua
Afriye at a not known time. |
|
|
1750-1832
Feudal Duchess
Maria Giovanna Doria del Carretto of Tursi, 5.
Principessa di Avella, Marchesa di Caravaggio (Italy) |
|
Daughter of
of Giovanna Maria
Teresa Doria del Carretto, Duchessa di Tursi, Principessa di Avella, etc
(1710-42-50) and her second husband, Lazzaro Maria Doria, Marchese
di Tizzano, Patrizio Genovese (d. 1753), married to Don Andrea Doria,
Marchese di Caravaggio, Conte di Loano, (1738-71) who was son of
Bianca Maria von Sinzedorf, Marchesa di Caravaggio
(1717.83) and grandson of Johann Wilhelm von Sinzedorf and
Bianca Maria Sforza, Marchesa di Caravaggio. Her only daughter,
Donna Bianca Doria (1763-1829), held the title of
Duchess Tursi, a title inherited by her
husband and son. She lived (1743-1832). |
|
|
1751-66 Regent Dowager Landgravine Ulrike Louise von
Solms-Braunfels of Hessen-Homburg (Germany) |
|
Widow of Friedrich IV
zu Hessen-Homburg (1724-46-51),
she was confirmed by the Emperor as regent for son Friedrich V (1748-1820)
even though Landgraf Ludwig VIII of Hessen-Darmstadt tried to annex
the territory and had it occupied for a short while. This led to
lenghtly legal battles over the soverignty by the Imperial Court and
by the emperor, but she prevailed. She lived (1731-92). |
|
 |
1751-59 Governor Dowager Princess Anne of Great Britain of
Friesland, Nassau and Oranje etc. (The
Netherlands) |
|
After the death of husband, Willem IV van Oranje-Nassau, she took over
the government for her minor son. Her Dutch title as regent was
Gouvernante der Nederlanden (Governess).
In government affairs, she at first
pleased by her quick actions and decisions; however, she was also
tyrannical and unpredictable. Born as daughter of the future King
George II of Great Britain, she was Princess of Great Britain and
Ireland, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and
from 1727 also Princess Royal. When she died after a long period of
consumption, her mother-in-law, Marie-Louise von Hessen-Kassel, became
regent for the second time.
Anne lived
(1709-59). |
|
 |
1751-71 Political Influential Queen-Consort Lovisa Ulrika von
Preussen of Sweden |
|
Engaged in an endless squabble with the Senate and Estates whose
powers were unparalleled at the time during the reign of her weak
husband, Adolf Frederik. Her goal was to restore royal powers and was
in opposition to both the existing parties, the Hatt Partiet (The Hat
Party) and the Cap party, which both wanted to maintain status quo. In
1756 she was involved in a failed coup d'état with the newly
established Hovpartiet (Court Party). The plan was discovered, and the
persons involved where executed or exiled and she received a strong
note from the government. After her husband's death she became a
patron of arts and science. The daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm of
Preussen and Sofia Dorothea von Hannover,
she was Co-Adjutrix (Deputy to the Princess-Abbess with the right of
succession) 1740-44 before her marriage.
Mother of three sons
and a daughter, Sophia Albertina, who became Princess-Abbess of
Quedlinburg in 1787, and lived (1720-82). |
|
 |
1751-58 Regent Dowager Countess Charlotte Wilhelmine zu
Pappenheim of Alt-Leiningen (Germany) |
|
After the her husband Georg Hermann (1679–1751) died after being run
down by a heavy carriage, she ruled in the name of Christian Johann,
Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg und Altleiningen (1730-51-70), She was
born as Reichs-Erbmarschallin und Gräfin zu Pappenheim (Hereditary
Marshall of the Realm and Countess), and lived (1708-92). |
|
|
From 1751 Payung e-ri Luwu Petta Matinroe ri Kaluku Bodoe of
Luwu (Indonesia) |
|
Succeeded another female ruler, We Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin, as
the fourth successive women on the throne of Luwu since 1713. It is
not known how long her reign lasted. |
|
 |
1751-68 Princess-Abbess
Maria
Cäcilia
III
Seiz of Baindt (Germany) |
|
In
1767
Cäcilia Seiz (or
Seitz) was the last Abbess from the territory to personally
participate in the Schwabische Reichsprälatkollegium - which chose and send
representatives to the Imperial Diet. The Princess-Abbess of Gutenzell
and Rottenmünster were also present.
She lived (1695-1768) |
|
1751-78
Princess-Abbess
Maria Henrica von Poppen
of
Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
|
Member of a family of Slesian Barons (Freiiherren), she was highly educated,
gifted painter and promoter of arts and culture. At her seal she used the
titulature: Marin Henrick Freyin v. Poppen, Äbtissin zu Göss. |
|
|
1751-54 and 1759-62
Reigning
Abbess-General
María
Bernarda de Hoces
of the
Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
A relative of hers, Angela, was elected Señora Abadesa of Las Huelgas
1771-74.
|
|
|
After 1751-91 Politically Influential Princess Bibi Rajindar
Kaur of Patiala (India) |
|
Following the death of her husband, Chaudhari Tilok Chand, of Phagwara,
she took charge and the charge of the family estate, consisting of
over two hundred villages, fell to her. In 1778, Raja Amar Singh of
Patiala, who was her first cousin, was defeated by Hari Singh of
Sialba. She came to his rescue with three thousand soldiers marching
through the territories of the chiefs who had fought on the side of
Harl Singh. During the reign of the minor Raja Sahib Singh, Rajindar
Kaur was again in Patiala to defend the town against Maratha
onslaughts. At the head of a strong force she marched as far as
Mathura where peace parleys were opened with the Marathas. She died at
Patiala after a short illness, and lived (1739-1791). |
|
1752-57 Acting Seigneur Serq Elizabeth Le Lacheur of Sark |
| She acted
for her husband, Pierre Le Pelley I (1692-1752-1778). She was
daughter of Henry Le Lacheur and Marguerite Rouget, and mother of
Hellier Le Pelley and Elizabeth Le Pelley. She was (b. circa
1702/04-). |
|
|
Circa
1752-? Iyoba Ohagha II of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria) |
|
Mother of Akengbua of Benin (1750-1804). As Queen Mother she was a
senior town chief. She lived in her own palace outside the capital.
She did not appear in public and did not have an official role in the
political system, but she was always "consulted" by important
political decisions, and her vote was necessary in the political
decision process. As widow of the former king and mother of the
present, she was given semi-male status. She had a "wife" with the
title of Amoda, she was surrounded by Amada, naked boys and has a
whole court of officeholders. |
|
 |
1752-53 Regent
Dowager Duchess Elisabeth Albertine von Sachsen-Hildburghausen of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(Germany)
1753-62 Reigning Dowager Lady of Mirow |
|
Her son, Adolf Friederich IV
(1738-94), succeeded his uncle Adolf Friederich III in December 1752
since her husband, Karl Ludwig Friederich zu Mecklenburg-Strelitz zu
Mirow had died in June the same year, and she acted as regent for a
year. As guardian for her younger children, she signed the "Succession-agreement"
(andesgrundgesetzlichen Erbvergleich (LGGEV)) in 1755, which
resulted in a new constitution in the Duchy which consolidated the
powers of the nobility (Ritterschaft) and conserved the backward
position of the area which lasted until the end of the monarchy in
1918. Her only daughter, Sophie Charlotte, was married to King
Georges III of Great Britain. She lived (1713-61). |
|
 |
1753-56 Regent H.H Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Rani
Savitri Bai Raje Sahiba of Dewar (Senior) (India) |
|
After the death of her husband Tukaji Rao I Puar she ruled in the name of her adopted
son, Krishnaji Rao I Puar (1753-89). |
|
|
1753 Nominal Regent Princess Sanfa Rendi Kabafa'anu of the
Maldive Islands
|
|
Reigned
nominally in the name of her brother Hasan Manikufa'anu Sultan
al-Ghazi al-Hasan 'Izz ud-din Baderi, but the de facto regent
was Muleegey Dom Hassam Manik. She was daughter of Sultan Ibrahim
Iskandar II, who reigned (1721 -50). |
|
|
1753-57 Nominal Regent Princess Amina Rani Kilegefa’anu of the
Maldive Islands
1757-59 Rani-Sultana |
|
In
1752 her father, H.H. Sultan al-Mukarram Muhammad 'Imad ud-din III,
was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti
island in the Laccadives. Male was occupied until it was ended by
Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku, a direct descendant of the penultimate
Christian King Joao. Muleegey Dom Hassam Manik was still de facto in
charge. Her father died in captivity in 1757 and she succeeded to the
throne. Her sister Amina Kabafa’anu was regent in 1773. |
|
|
1753-80 Princess-Abbess Johanna Dorothea von Syberg zu Schwerte
of Keppel (Germany)
|
|
Joined the chapter in 1718 and was elected as successor of the
Protestant Sophie Charlotte v. Bottlenberg gen. Kessel, who had died
1748. Johanna Dorothea Helene Margarethe Katharina von Syberg, who was
also known as von Syberg, Freie aus der Hees, Sümmern und Schwerte,
was a Catholic and member of an old noble family with branches in
Germany, Livonia and Sweden. |
|
|
1753-55
Princess-Abbess Maria Helena Francisca von Roggenbach of Säckingen (Germany)
|
| Finished the
restauration of the interior of the Chapter Church which was damamged by
a fire in 1751. One of her relatives, Franz
Joseph Sigismund, was Prince Bishop of Basel (1782-93). She was daughter
of Johann Konrad Anton von Roggenbach, Steward of Birseck, and Maria
Josepha Zint von Kenzingen. |
|
|
1753-65
Reigning Abbess
Marie-Louise de Timbrone de Valence
of
the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
|
Another version of her surname is
de
Thimbrune de Valence. |
|
|
1754 and 1761 Governor-Regent Muglani Suraiya Bigum of Lahore
(India) |
|
In charge of the government in the name of Muhammad Amin Han, who lived 1751-54 and was governor
for the Emperor of the Mongul-Afgan Empire of India in 1754.
|
|
1754 Princess-Abbess
Sophie
Johanna zu Hohenzollern-Hechingen of
Münsterbilzen, Dame
of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye
and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
|
Chosen by the
other Ladies of the Chapter (Stiftdamen) to suceed sister,
Christine Eberhardine Friederike. They were daughters of Count
Friedrich
Wilhelm (1663-1735), and Louise von Sinzendorf. Sofie
Johanna
Friederike
lived (1698-1754). |
|
|
1754-1804 Joint Sovereign Countess Josine Elisabeth von
Rechteren of Rechteren and Limpurg (Germany) |
|
Also known as Countess von Rechteren Limpurg.
She was daugther of Iosina Elisabeth van Rechteren (d. 1738), the
daughter of Frederik Rudolph van Rechteren, and Johan Everhard Adolph
van Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld (1714-54), son of Joachim
Heinrich Adlof van Rechteren (1687-1719) and
Countess Amalia Alexandrina Friederike, Countess of Limpurg-Speckfeld,
co-heir to a portion of the county, who lived (1689-1754) and was
daughter of the last count of the whole county, Volllrath, who died
1712.
Josine Elisabeth was married to Prince August Wilhelm zu
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1720-60), and lived (1738-1804). In 1806
Rechteren was incorporated into Bavaria. |
|
|
1754-1771 Overseer of the Crown Lands Anna Radziwiłłowa of Nowy Targ
(Poland) |
|
She lived (1729-1771). |
|
 |
1754-60 Reigning Lady
Maria of Great Britain in the County of
Hanau-Münzenberg
1760-64
Regent
of Hanau (Germany) |
|
When her husband, Hereditary Prince Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel,
converted to Catholism, she and her 3 sons were granted the County of
Hanau by her father-in-law, Wilhelm VIII, who passed over his son for
this part of the inheritance. When Friederich became Landgrave of
Hessen-Kassel he made several attempts to reclaim Hanau, but did not
succeed because of opposition from Great Britain and the protestant
Estates of Hanau.
Her marriage to Friederich was unhappy from the start. He was said to be
"brutal" and "a boor". In late 1746, she made an extended trip to
Britain to escape his maltreatment.
1754 she moved to Denmark to take care of the children children of her
sister, Queen Louise, and brought her sons, who all married Danish
princesses. She spend her last years in the Castle of Rupenheim.
In 1785, her son became
Landgrave Wilhelm I and from 1803 Kurfürst (Elector). Born as Princess
Mary
of Great Britain, Ireland and Hannover, she was
daughter of King Georg II, and lived (1723
-72). |
 |
1754-56 Şehsuvar Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Covering
Turkey, Greece, The Balcans, parts of the Middle East and Northern
Africa) |
|
Mother of Osman III (1754-57). Of Russian origin, she lived
(1682-1756). |
|
|
1755-63 Regent
Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati
Janaki Bai Sahib Bhonsle of Savantwadi (India) |
|
After her husband, Shrimant Ramchandra Savant I Bhonsle Bahadur, Sir
Desai of Savantwadi, was poisoned by one of his relatives, she ruled
in the name of her son, Raja Shrimant Khem Savant III Bhonsle Bahadur.
|
|
 |
1755-56 Regent
Countess Dowager Maria Franziska Esterházy von Galantha of
Salm-Reifferscheidt-Bedburg (Germany) |
|
Reigned in the name of Siegmund
zu Salm-Reifferscheidt zu Bedburg
(1735-55-98) after the death of her husband, Count
Karl Anton zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Bedburg. She lived (1702-78). |
|
|
1755-56 Politically Influential Princess Walatta Bersebeh of
Ethiopia |
|
Also known as Welete
Bersabe,
she
was influential during the first year reign of her son, Emperor Iyoas
or Joa I (1755-69) after the death of husband, Emperor Jiasu II (Iyasu
II) (1730-1755). She engaged in a power struggle with her
mother-in-law Empress Mentewab. She was born as Woizero Wobit,
daughter of Amitzo, of Kawallo, of the Edjaw clan of the Toluma Galla,
but changed her name to Bersebeh, after her christening after the
marriage.
(d. 1756). |
|
|
1755-1822 Ghigua Nancy Ward of the Cherokee in Tennessee
(USA) |
|
Originally known as Nanye-hi, and in 1755 her husband, Kingfisher, was
killed in battle and Nanye-hi filled his place in the battle. She took
his rifle and rallied the warriors to victory. She was bestowed with
the title of Ghigua - Beloved Woman of the Cherokee - and thereby
became Head of the Council of Women and held a voting seat in the
Council of Chiefs. The Ghigua was given the responsibility of
prisoners and would decide their fate. She later married Bryant Ward,
a white trader. Nancy Ward was a respected woman among the Cherokees
and the white settlers. She was an outspoken supporter of peace, and
participated in several treaty negotiations and even spoke at the
Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 where she spoke about her hopes for a
continued peace. But the numerous treaties that agreed to honour
Cherokee land rights were broken, and in 1819 the Hiwassee Purchases
forced Nancy to abandon her home in Chota and settle further south on
the Ocoee River. She lived (1738-1822). |
|
|
1755-87 Princess-Abbess Anna Amalia von Preussen of Quedlinburg
(Germany)
|
|
Her election as
Coadjutrix (Coadjutorin) in 1744 was met with some secepticism as she
was member of the reformed faith and the Chapter was Lutheran.
During the first year of her reign, the
territory suffered from passing armies and war-taxes to Austrian and
French troops during the Seven Year War. She was interested in
science and an able composer. She named able men to clerical
positions and as teachers, reduced the number of holidays and
allowed the members of the Reformed Church to hold a church service
twice a year.
She had an affair with Freiherr Friedrich von der Trenck, an
aide-de-champ of her brother, Friedrich the Great, who was imprisoned,
later freed and spend the rest of his life travelling in Europe. After
her brother's death they met in 1786, she was blind and very ill at
the time and died shortly after. She lived most of her life in Berlin
and did only rarely visit her territory. She was daughter of Wilhelm I
of Preußen and Princess Sophie von Hannover, and lived (1723-87). |
 |
1755-1806
Princess-Abbess Maria Anna von Hornstein-Göffingen of Säckingen (Germany)
|
|
In 1785 her forceful
intervention at the Imperial Court in Vienna had saved the Princely Ladies
Chapter (Fürstliche
Damenstift) from becoming a Worldly Ladies' Chapter under the sovreignty
of the Austrian Government and without cannons during the ecclesiastical
reforms of Emperor Joseph II. She modernized the financial management
and the juridical system. 1793 Johanna
Caroline von Oettingen-Spielberg was appointed Administrator.
During the Peace of Pressburg (Bratislava) the Austrian "Vorlande" was separated between Baden
and Württemberg, and the territory of Säckingen became part of Baden. In
September 1806 the convent was abolished, but she remained there until her
death. Among her possessions was a carriage with room for all of the 16
noble ladies who inhabited the convent. The last Fürstäbtissin was
daughter of Freiherr Franz von Hornstein und Zumarschausen and Maria
Anna Sophia Karoline von Sickingen, and
lived (1723-1809). |
|
1755-56 Princess-Abbess Maria Carolina von Leerodt von Born of Munsterbilzen,
Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye
and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
|
A candidate for the post of Abbess in 1728.
As Dechaness she had
been in charge of the administration of the chapter in the absence of the
Abbess from around 1747, but in spite of this, the representative of the
Prince-Bishop of Liège tried to prevent her election and only 6 canonesses
and 4 canons took part - with 5 abstentions. The disputes within the chapter
continued but she died after only 17 months in office, and lived (circa
1700-56). |
|
|
1756-circa 58
Queen Regnant Verónica II
of
N'Dongo and
Matamba (Ngola and Mbundu) |
|
Ascended to
the throne after the death of Queen Ana
II, but she was overthrown sometime after 1758. |
|
|
1756-63 Rani Regnant Canna Virmmaji of Bednur (East and South
Dekkan) (India) |
|
Succeeded her husband and was succeeded by her adopted son.
|
|
 |
1756-1803
Joint Sovereign Countess
Christiane Wilhelmina Luise von Solms-Rödelheim
und
Assenheim of Limpurg-Gaildorf-Wurmbrand
1778-1803
Joint Sovereign Countess
of
Limpurg-Gaildorf-Solm-Assenheim |
|
First inherited the parts of her mother, Marina
Margarethe von Wurmbrand-Stuppach, the daughter of Juliana Dorothea I.,
she
received the customary
homage by the inhabitants of the Lordship after the death of her father,
Wilhelm Carl Ludwig von Solms-Rödelheim
und Assenheim, but was in
dispute over the inheritance with
a relative, Johann Ernst Carl von Solms-Rödelheim. She married
Fürst
Friedrich Wilhelm zu
Leiningen and was mother of 3 daughters and a son; Elisabeth Christiane Mariana zu
Leiningen (1753-92) married to Karl Ludwig Wilhelm, wild-und rheingraf von
Salm-Grumbach, Charlotte Luise Polixena zu Leiningen (1755-85) married to
Franz II, Graf von Erbach-Erbach, Caroline Sophie Wilhelmine zu Leiningen
(1757-1832) married to Friedrich Magnus I, Graf zu Solms-Laubach-Wildenfels and
Emich Carl, Fürst zu Leiningen (1763-1814), who was married to Sophie Henriette
Reuss-Ebersdorf and Viktoria von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. She lived
(1736-1803). |
|
1756-71 Princess-Abbess Antonietta
Regina Sofie Francisca von und zu Eltz-Kempenich of Munsterbilzen, Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye
and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
|
After
the death of Fürstäbtissin Maria Carolina,
she won the election
to the position of
Princess-Abbess against the Dechaness Sophia Helena von Stadion, who remained in
opposition to the new head of the territory and allied herself with
the Prince-Bishop of Liège, who still tried to assert his authority
over the Princess-Abbess. After her election she had started
rebuilding the residence of the Abbess that had been destroyed earlier.
French troops passed through the territory in 1758 during the Seven Year
War between France and Austria on one side and England and Preussia on the
other. During the last year of her reign, she was seriously ill and had to
hand over the adminsitrator to Sophia Helena. She was daughter of Karl Anton Count and Noble Lord (Graf
und Edler Herr) von und zu Eltz-Kempenich,
gennant Faust von Stromberg, who was created
Reichsgraf and became Hereditary
Marshal of Trier in 1733, and
Helene Katharina Freiin
Wambolt von Umstadt, and lived
(1700-71).
|
|
|
1756-59
Reigning
Abbess-General Josefa Claudia de Verrio,
The
Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
As ruler of the territory, she
used the title of
"Noble lady, the superior, prelate, and lawful administratrix
in spirituals and temporals of the said royal abbey, and of all the
contents, churches, and hermitages of its filiations, of the villages
and places under its jurisdiction, seigniory, and vassalage, in virtue
of Bulls and Apostolical concessions, with plenary jurisdiction,
privative, quasi-episcopal, nullius diacesis."
|
|
 |
1756-70 Royal County Sheriff Queen Dowager Sophie Magdalene zu
Brandenburg-Kumblach of Denmark of Hørsholm Len, Denmark |
|
After the death of her husband, Christian 6, she became administrator
of the fief of Hørsholm, but the system of fiefholders (County
Sheriffs or Lensmand) as local administrators had been abolished, and
she was the last Dowager Queen to be given a dowry, which also
included several other lands, including the County of Vallø, which she
transformed into a chapter for noble ladies in 1735.
She lived
(1700-70). |
|
|
1757-87 Regent Johanna
von Hohenzollern-Berg of Bergh
's-Heerenberg,
Boxmeer,
Bergh, Diksmuide, Gendringen, Etten, Wisch, Pannerden and Millingen
(Netherlands)
1781-81
Sovereign Countess and Lady
1785-87
Possible Regent of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Germany) |
|
Also known as Also known as Maria Johanna Josepha
Antonia Sophia van den Bergh-Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,
she took charge of the government of the county of lordship of her
brother, Johan Baptist van Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1728-1781), who
was imprisoned, and after his death she inherited the possessions.
After the death of her husband
and cousin, Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,
she might have been the person who was regent for Prince and Count
Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, (1762-85-1805-31), her 8th and
first surviving son, until her own death. The regency continued for
one more year. Also mother of 4 daughters of whom only one survived
into adulthood. She lived
(1727-87). |
|
|
1757-65 Sovereign Countess Friederike Amöne von
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg of Welz and Limpurg-Sontheim-Schmiedelfeld-Speckfeld
(A Part of the Amt of Obersontheim)
(Germany) |
|
Also known as the Countess von Welz-Limpurg,
Julienne Marie Friderike von Welz or
Maria Frederike Amone von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
Gräfin von Limpurg-Sontheim-Gaildorf, she succeeded her mother,
Sophia von Schönburg-Waldenburg, and married her cousin Friedrich von
Pückler, who was son of her father's sister Karoline Christiane. He
was Count and regent of Limpurg-Speckfeld 1793-1806, and co-ruler in
Pückler with Wilhelmine Henriette Karoline, until her death in 1800.
Juliane Maria Friederike Amöne was succeeded
was succeeded
in the standesherrschaft (State County) by her daughter, Karoline
Sophie Louise Maria Henriette Leopolde, and lived (1739-65). |
|
|
1756-63 Rani Regnant Canna Virmmaji of Bednur (East and South
Dekkan) (India) |
|
Succeeded her husband and was succeeded by her adopted son.
|
|
|
1757-74 Joint Sovereign Countess Dorothea Sophie Wilhelmine von
Solms-Assenheim of
6/48th of
Limpurg-Gaildorf
(Solms-Assenheimeische Antheil)
(Germany) |
|
Second daughter of Wilhelmina Christina von Limpurg-Gaildorf, she had
received the provisorial homage as heir of her mother together with
her 2 sisters and one brother. She was
married to Josias von Waldeck-Bergheim (d. 1763), and succeeded by son
and daughter, Karoline, she lived (1698-1774). |
|
|
1757-78 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophie
Luise
Christiana
von
Solms-Assenheim of
6/48th
of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany) |
|
Also known as
Gräfin Sophia Christiana Louisa, she was the third
daughter of Wilhelmina Christina von Limpurg-Gaildorf
and
married to Friedrich Ludwig von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg, co-heir
of Sontheim. They had no children.
She lived (1709-73). |
|
|
1757-62 Joint Sovereign Countess
Eleonore Friederike Juliane von Solms-Assenheim of
6/48th of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany) |
|
Also known as
Gräfin Eleonora Friderica Juliana von
Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz, she was the fourth
daughter of Wilhelmina Christina von Limpurg-Gaildorf, she was married
to Karl-Friedrich von Isenburg und Büdinge in Meerholtz, was succeeded
by son and daughter, Christine, and lived (1703-62). |
|
|
1757-72 Joint Sovereign Countess Charlotte Christina von
Solms-Assenheim of a portion of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany) |
|
Youngest daughter of Wilhelmina Christina von Limpurg-Gaildorf.
All the daughters took necessary steps to secure their inheritance
together with their brother, Wilhelm Carl Ludwig von
Solms-Rödelheim, who inherited the lordship jointly. She
was unmarried. [Might have died before 1757] |
|
|
1757-66 Captain-Donatary Joana Tomásia da Câmara of São
Miguel, The Azores (Portugal) |
|
Succeeded her father, José da Câmara Teles, 13. capitão do donatário, to
the title of the capitania and married to Guido Augusto da Câmara and they
executed the office jointly until it was abolished by the king. Also Countess of da Ribeira Grande, mother of several
children and lived (1730-?) |
 |
1757-71 Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Margarethe von Gemmingen of
Lindau (Germany)
|
| Member of the freiherrliche
family
von Gemmingen, Lords of Burg Guttenberg abowe the
Neckar for at least 300 years from around 1500. She lived (1711-71) |
|
1757-68
Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Katharina
von Dücker-Hasslen-Urstein-Winkel of Niedermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of the
Freiherrliche family of von Dücker. |
|
|
Around 1758
Queen Regnant Ana III
of
N'Dongo and
Matamba (Ngola and Mbundu) |
|
During the civil
war she came on the throne after Verónica II was deposed, but she was
her self overthrown by Kalwete ka Mbandi, a military leader. Kalwete
won the war, and was baptized as Francisco II upon taking the throne.
However, two of her daughters, Kamana and Murili escaped the civil
war, took refuge in the ancient capital of Ndongo on the Kindonga
islands and successfully resisted Francisco II's attempts to oust
them. |
|
|
After 1758
Queen Regnant
Kamana
of
N'Dongo (Ngola and Mbundu) |
|
When her mother, Ana III was deposed, she created a rival kingdom,
and in 1767 tried unsuccessfully to obtain Portuguese help against her
rival. While the Portuguese governor of the time, Francisco Innocencio
de Sousa Coutinho granted her asylum and instructed his officials to
respect her and her position, he did not favor direct intervention in
affairs in the eastern part of the Portuguese zone. her son and
successor did manage to end the division of the country by
successfully recovering the capital and being crowned as king of
Matamba in around 1810. |
|
|
1758-75 Regent Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia von
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Germany) |
|
After the death of her
husband,
Ernst August II. Constantin, she managed to secure the regency for her
one-year-old son, Carl Augusts (1757-58-1828), even though she was
only 19 and legally still a minor. 4 months later she gave birth to
her second son, Friedrich Ferdinand Konstantin (1758-93). She
began her reign with limiting expenditures to fight the consequences
of the Seven Years War. She renovated the city, introduced social
reforms, but her most important contribution was her promotion of art
and science. She was a well known intellectual, composer,
collected one of the largest book-collections of her time with around
100.000 volumes (Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek), opened a theatre
and assembled the most important philosophers and writers at her
court, among others Johann Wolfgang Goethe. She and lived (1739-1807).
|
|
|
1758-82
Regent-in-Opposition H.H.
Raniji Ba Shri Jijibai Kunverba Sahib
of Halvad (later known as
Dhrangadgra)
(India) |
|
Her son, Maharana Sriraj Jaswantsinhji II, was
named as Maharana Raj Sahib in opposition to his father, Maharana
Sriraj Gajsinhji II, who ruled until his death in 1782. Her son
succeeded him and moved the capital to Dhrangadhra in 1783. He
died 1801. She was daughter of the Thakore Sahib of Varsoda. |
|
|
Around 1758 Regent Donna....of Larantuka (Indonesia) |
|
Reigned in the name of
Raja Don Gaspar I DVG, the head of Roman Catholic dynasty (Dias
Vierra Godinho). This principality was quite powerful with influence
over parts of the islands of Lembata (Lomblem), Adonara, Solor,
Flores, etc. and also with ruling pretensions over the
principalities of Sikka, Nita, KanagaE (area), Lio-area and
sometimes even claiming influence over the whole island of Flores
until maybe Manggarai. The Dutch wanted her to marry a Dutch noble
in order to make her a political allied against the Portugese, who
were the actual "rulers" over Flores-East at that time. |
|
 |
1759-65 Sovereign Countess of the Realm Maria-Rebekka Josepha
von Hohenems of Honhenems (Austria)
1759-66
and 1786-1806
Sovereign Countess of Lustenau |
|
Inherited the lands
of her family after the death of her father, Franz Wilhelm III,
Reichgraf von Hohnenems, the last male member of the Hohenems-family. She was given the fief-rights over some of the lands
of the family while other parts went to Austria - Emperor Karl I gave
Hohnenems as a fief to his wife, Empress Maria-Theresia, who in 1765
had the imhabitants of Lustenau pay her homage as ruler. After a long civil
process she managed to retain control over Lustenau in 1786, and in
1790 she signed a treaty with Austria and she continued as
Reichsgräfin and the territory remained indpendent, though in close
cooperation with Austria, and it kept it's position even after the
German
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (Mediatisation). Her only daughter
by her husband, Graf Franz Xaver
von
Harrach-Rohrau-Kunewald
(d. 1781), Maria Waldburga von
Harrach-Hohenems-Rohrau,
and her husband,
Klemens von Waldburg-Zeil, inherited
the possessions after Maria Rebekka's
death Lustanau continued as an independent entity within the County of
Waldburg-Zeil-Lustenau Hohenems.
Reichsgräfin Maria-Rebekka
von Harrach-Hohenems lived (1742-1806). |
|
|
1759-62 Datu Karaeng Bontoa of Sumbawa (Indonesia) |
|
Succeeded her husband, Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin I alias Mappasusu (Musa
Larie Alesi), but was later deposed. Her first husband was Karaeng
Bontolangkasa of Gowa, who died 1739.
She lived
(1705-62). |
|
 |
1759-76 Princess-Abbess
Maria Alexandra Zimmermann of Gutenzell
(Germany) |
|
As
part of her "dowry" her father, building master Dominikus Zimmermann,
had finished the renovation of the Church of the Chapter, a work that
he finished in 1757. 10 years later, she was the last Abbess from
Gutenzell to personally participate in the Schwabische
Reichsprälatkollegium - which send representatives to the Imperial
Diet. Also present were the Princess-Abbesses of Baindt and
Rottenmünster. The Princess-Abbess of Heggbach was not present because
she was ill. From 1768 the Fürstäbtissin exercised her right as Lady
of the Court of her Office in the territory. |
|
|
1759/63
Abbess Nullius Floralba Maurelli of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
|
Among her privileges was those of selecting and
approving confessors for the laity and authorizing clerics to have
the cure of souls in the churches under her jurisdiction. |
|
|
From 1760 Queen of Baule (Ashanti-Brong) (Cote d'Ivoire) |
|
Succeeded her aunt, Awura Danse Poukou. Since then the kingdom has
been ruled by kings, who inherit their position along matrilineal
lines. There are various subchiefs in charge of the kings' local
populations, and all the chiefs rely on political advisors who help in
the decision making process. |
|
|
1760-90 Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lele Perkasa Setiawan Dato' Putri
Setiawan II, Dato' Undang of Luak Johol (Malaysia) |
|
Took over as ruler after the death of
Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan Dato'
Rambut Panjang, who ascended the throne in 1747. The succession the
state normally passed via the eldest sister of the previous
titleholder. |
|
 |
1760-80 Reigning Rani Velu Nachiyar of Sivaganga
(India) |
|
When her husband,
Muthuvaduganathaperiya Udaiyathevar, was killed by British soldiers
and the son of the Nawab of Arcot, she was drawn into battle. She
escaped with her daughter and lived under the protection of
Palayakaarar Kopaala Naayakkar at Virupachi near Dindigul for eight
years. During this period she formed an army and sought an alliance
with Gopala Nayaker and Hyder Ali with the aim of attacking the
British, whom she did successfully fight in 1780. When she found the
place where the British stored their ammunition, she arranged a
suicide attack: a faithful follower, Kuyili, doused herself in oil,
set herself alight and walked into the storehouse. She formed a
woman's army named "udaiyaal" in honour of her adopted daughter —
Udaiyaal, who died detonating a British arsenal. She was one of the
few rulers who regained her kingdom and ruled it for ten more years.
She granted powers to the Marudu brothers to administer the country in
1780. She lived (1730-1796). |
|
|
1760-73 (†) Regent
H.H Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Jiji Bai Sahib Maharaj of
Kolhapur (India)
|
|
Jijibai ruled in the name of her adopted son, since her husband H.H
Kshatrtiya-Kulawatasana Sinhasanadhishwar Shrimant Raja Shahu
Sambahaji II Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1698-1760) only had a
posthumously born daughter with one of his seven wifes. He was Raja of
Satara (with his mother as regent) and then of the newly created
state, Kolhapur.
She lived
(1716-73). |
|
|
1760-61 "Heiress" H.H. Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati ...Bai
Sahib Maharaj of Kolhapur (India) |
|
There was no female succession, but no other heir was appointed until
after her death.
She lived (1760-61). |
 |
1760-73
Administratrice Hyacinthe
Céleste de Briey de Landres of Remiremont (France) |
|
Elected as successor of Hélène to the post of
Dame Doyenne and Head of the Chapter for the absent Princesse Abbesse Anne
Charlotte de Lorraine, who lived in Austria and Mons. Hyachinthe Céleste lived
(1713-89). |
|
|
1760-72 Politically Influential Princess Dowager Augusta zu
Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha of Wales in United Kingdom of Great Britain |
|
When her husband, Prince Frederick of Wales, died in 1751 she was
named 'Prospective Regent' and she exercised some influence over her
son when he came to the throne 9 years later as King Georg III (1738-60-1820)
among others trough her close friend, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
and Georg's closest advisor and sometime Prime Minister. She was
mother of 9 children, and lived (1719-72). |
|
|
1761-79 Regent H.H. Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Rani Gahena
Bai Sahib of Dhar (India) |
|
Reigned in the name of her son Raja Shrimant Khande Rao I Yeshwant Rao Puar (1758-82). |
|
 |
1761-83 Temporary
Administrator Joanna von Stein zu Juttingen of Rzeszów (Poland) |
|
In charge of the domain during the absence of her son, Franciszek Lubomirski. After
the death of her husband, Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski
(1687-1753) she had become the favourite of minister
Heinrich Bruehl. She joined the Bar Confederation - the
association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the
fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal
and external independence of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth against aggression by the Russian Empire and
against King Stanisław August Poniatowski and Polish
reformers who were attempting to limit the power of the
Commonwealth's magnates. She lived (1723-1783). |
|
 |
1761-79 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Christine
Irmgard Reventlow von Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Norborg and
Plön (Germany/Denmark) |
|
Since there were no male heirs the Duchies returned to the Danish
king after the death of her husband, Frederik Carl (1706-61), but she
remained in residence at the lands as her dowry. She was mother of
four daughters. The only one to marry was Charlotte Amalie Vilhelmine
(1744-70), who entered into matrimony with Prince Frederik Christian von
Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg (1721-94). Another,
Sophie Magdalene,
became Abbess of the noble Chapter of Vallø from 1782. Christine Ermegaard
lived (1711-79). |
|
 |
1762-96 Imperatitsa Catharina II the Great of Russia
1762-81 Queen of Siberia (Sibirskoye Tsartvo)
1763-73 Regent of Hostein-Gottorp (Germany)
1673-96 Countess of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (Germany)
1793-96 Princess of Jever (Germany) |
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Also known as
Yekaterína II Alekséyevna or
Екатерина II
Алексеевна,
she was born as Princess Sophia Augusta zu Anhalt-Zerbst. Her refinement and love of study contrasted with her
husband, Peter of Holstein-Gottorp's vulgarity and intemperance;
neglected by him, she ingratiated herself with some of the nobles. Her
intrigues were discovered by Peter and, on ascending the throne in
1762, he threatened to repudiate her, whereupon she imprisoned him and
had him strangled. The subsequent murder of Ivan, the next heir, left
Catherine in undisputed possession of the throne. She supported
progressive ideas, such as reforms in law, education, and provincial
and municipal administration, but she ruled as an autocrat and
suppressed Polish nationalists, which led to Poland's partition, and
took the Crimea and parts of the Black Sea coast from Turkey. In 1762
Siberia was created a separate Kingdom in a Personal union with Russia
until it was incorporated in the Empire. She was also famous for her
long succession of young lovers. 1773 she exchanged the Russian claims
to Holstein-Gottorp with the Counties of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and
in 1793 she inherited Jever from
brother and appointed her sister-in-law as administrator.
Catharina lived (1729-96). |
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1762-71 Go-Sakuramachi Tennō of Japan
1771-80 Titular Empress-Regent
1780-89 The Guardian of the Young Lord |
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後桜町天皇
was the 117th imperial ruler of Japan. She was the second daughter of
Emperor Sakuramachi, and ascended the throne by a special decree by
her brother, Emperor Go-Momozono, as his son, Prince Hidehito, was
only 5 years old at the time, but nine years later she abdicated in
his favour, but remained empress-regent (without political power. When
he died in 1779, she consulted with the senior courtiers and Imperial
Guards and finally decided to adopt Prince Morohito, sixth son of
Prince Kan'in-no-miya Sukehito, who then became Emperor Kōkaku. After
the throne had switched to the new branch of the imperial line, she,
in her role as Retired Emperor, came to be referred to as "the
Guardian of the Young Lord". In this role, in 1789, during a scandal
involving an honorary title, she admonished the Emperor. When she
died, she left behind a book called Kinchū-nenjū no koto, roughly
"Matters of Years in the Imperial Court", consisting of poems,
imperial letters, imperial chronicles, and so forth, excelling in
literary merit. Her
personal name was Toshiko, and her original title was Isa-no-miya,
later Ake-no-miya, and she lived (1740-1813). |
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1762-77 High Chiefess Purea Te-ha'apapa I Te-i'oa-tua
Teri'i-tari'a of Bora-Bora (Porapora) (French Polynesia)
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First married Rohi-a-nu'u, High Chief of Huahine and after his death,
married to his brother Mato Teri'i Tepoara'i, High Priest of Ra'iatea
and Huahine. In 1768 she met Captain James Cook during one of his
trips around the world. |
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1762-1802 Sovereign Countess Christine zu
Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz of a portion of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany)
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After the death of her
mother,
Eleonora Friederika von Solms-Assenheim, she received homage as co-heir
and co-regent of the County together with her brother. The County was divided among a number of
heirs. She was married to Georg-Friedrich-Ludwig von Waldeck-Bergheim,
and was succeeded by daughter, Countess Louise.
Christine lived
(1762-1802). |
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1762-65, 1768-71 and 1783-86
Reigning
Abbess-General
María Benita de
Oñate of the Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Many members of her family
were Governors in various parts of the New World (Southern America)
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1762-1802
Reigning Lady
Frederike Louise Amone von Castell-Remlingen of Breitenburg
etc. (Germany) |
Succeeded her brother,
Christian Adolf Friederich Gottlieb von Castell-Remlingen (1736-62), who
2 years earlier had inherited the
estates after their mother Friderike Eleonore von Castell-Rüdenhausen,
who had succeeded to the Lordship in 1732. She married
Frederik Graf von Rantzau (1729-1806) and was succeeded by her son
August Wilhelm Frantz von Rantzau-Breitenburg. She lived (1736-1802)
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1763-68 Regent Dowager Electress Maria Antonia of Bavaria of
Sachsen (Germany) |
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Her
husband, Elector Friedrich Christian died 10 weeks after ascending to
the throne and she became regent for their son, Kurfürst and later
king Friedrich-August. She was in charge of the treasury and took part
in the most important government decisions, and her brother-in-law was
only regent concerning the "electoral affairs" (jura electoralia). She
was a composer, poet and painter under the pseudonym ETPA (Ermelinda
Talea Pastorella Arkadia- that was her secret name as member of the
Roman Academy of the Arcadians. After her brother, Maximillian II
Joseph died in 1777 she claimed the Bavarian Palatinate, but the title
was inherited by a very remote relative. She was daughter of Elector
Karl of Bayern who later became Emperor Karl VII.
She lived
(1724-80). |
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1763-75 Regent Dowager Duchess Charlotte Amalie von
Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
of Sachsen-Meiningen und Hildburghausen (Germany)
1769 Director of the Commission of Dephts
1775-79 Joint Regent of the Duchy |
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After the death of her husband, Anton Ulrich (1687-1743-63), she took
over the reins in the name of her son, For August Friedrich
(1754-63-82). The relatives in Gotha had hoped to get part of the
Meissen-inheritance but the emperor installed her as Sole Regent and
Chief Guardian of her children (Regentin und Obervormünderin). The
duchy was totally bankrupt as she took over the regency. Both the
failed harvests, the 7 years war and the many warfares of her
husband's family had ruined the state. She began financial reforms,
reorganised the army, humanised the juridical system, introduced
religious tolerance, created a modern school system, and promoted the
cultural life. She appointed young and able Ministers and also
reformed the administration. In
1769 Emperor Joseph II appointed her director of a Commission to
handle the depths of the Saxon Duchies together with some other
relatives.
She also took care of her husband's 10
and her own 8 children, though most of them died in infancy. After her
oldest son came of age, she continued officially as co-regent until
the second came of age in 1779.
She
used the titulature; "Durchlauchtigsten Fürstin und Frau, Charlotten
Amalien verwittibten Herzogin zu Sachsen,
Jürlich, Clebe und Berg, auch Engern und Westphalen, Landgräfin in
Thüringen, Markgräfin zu Meissen, gefürstete Gräfin zu Henneberg,
Gräfin zu der Mark und Ravensberg, Frau zu Ravenstein zu der gebohrnen
Landgräfin zu Hessen, Fürstin zu Hersfeld, Gräfin zu Catzenelnbogen,
Diez, Ziegenhain, Nidda, Schaumburg und Hanau, auch Sayn und
Witgenstein, Obervormünderin und Landesregentin", and lived
(1730-1801).
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1763-66 Regent Dowager Princess Christiane Henriette von der
Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld of Waldeck-Pyrmont (Germany) |
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Following the death of her husband, Karl August (1704-63) she was
regent for son Friedrich I, Fürst zu Waldeck and Graf von Pyrmont
(1743-63-1812). She was born as Pfalzgräfin von Birkenfeld, and lived
(1725-1816). |
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1763-83 Princess of the Realm Maria Theresa Josepha
van Hornes of Hornes and
Overisque, Countess of Beaucignies (Belgium) |
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Her father, Prince
Maximilian Emanuel d'Hornes, Count of Baucignies and Prince
d'Hornes (1695-163) had named her as sole heiress of his
principalities, counties, baronies, lands and manors situated in the
Austrian and Dutch Brabant and in the Belgian Flanders and Artois provinces.
Her sister, Princess Elisabeth
Philippine Claude of Hornes and Dowager Princess
of Stolberg-Gedern, had accepted the new will and testament in the presence of her sister and irrevocably transferred and relinquished by notorized document to the Serene Princes of Salm-kyrburg and Hornes,
all rights to said claims. With this document and agreement the dispute over the paternal inheritance regarding properties, but not
over the titles of nobility, was deemed to have been finalized. She
lived (1725-83) |
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1763-96 Princess-Abbess
Maria Anna Anastasia von Eptingen
of Schänis (Switzerland)
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| 1782 she
renovated the chapter and its church in Rococo style. She was daughter of
the noble Konrad Anton von Eptingen and Katharina Jacobea von Ramschwag. |
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1763 De facto Acting Premierminister Maria
Amalia von Brühl Mniszchowa of Sachsen (Germany) |
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Her father,
Heinrich Graf
von Brühl, intrusted her with the running of the government during
his illness, which lead to his death on 28 October 1763. She was
politically influential from 1752 and as the wife of the Polish
Court Marshall Jerzy August Mniszech she also became an influential
opponent of King
Stanisław August Poniatowski of
Poland from 1764.
She
was well educated and known as a good politician and a good
intriguer. In 1770 she created with Teresa Ossolińska a union called
"quintumvirate". The members were their husbands and other very
powerful polish aristocrates: Wessel, Radziwiłł and Zamoyski and
they initiated the declaration of the act of interregnum in Poland.
She lived (1736-1772). |
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1763 Rebellion Leader
María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang
in The Philippines |
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After her husband, Diego Silang, was assassinated, she took over the
leadership of the revolt against the Spanish in Ilocos. In 1762, after
the British invasion of the Philippines, her husband had been able to
expel the Spanish provincial governor from Vigan and won some
skirmishes. A strong force was sent against her. This time, she was
forced to retreat to Abra. Riding a fast horse, Gabriela led her
troops towards Vigan, but she was driven back. She fled again to Abra,
where she was captured and executed together with about 100 followers.
Lived (circa
1730-63). |
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1764-1800 Sovereign Duchess Anna Jabłonowska of Siemiatycze,
Kock, Wysock, Wołyń, Strzelin, Kukiz, Mariampol and Jezupol (Poland)
1764-1800 Politically Influential in Poland |
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Her
husband, Voivode Jan Kajetan Jabłonowski of Bracław died in 1764 and
1768-72 she was important and unofficial member of leadership of The
Confederation of Bar, the military union of nobility. In 1794 she
supported active the insurrection of Tadeusz Kościuszko. After the
third partition of Poland in 1795 she contacted with Central Assembly,
patriotic organisation, who prepared the military fight against
Russian domination in Poland. In her properties she implemented
administrative and economic reforms. She was Daughter of Kazimierz
Karol Sapieha and Karolina Radziwiłł, and lived (1728-1800). |
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1764-65 Joint Sovereign Lady Charlotte Murray of Man and the
Isles (British Crown Dependency) |
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Also
8th
Baroness Strange of Knockyn, she descended from the Counts of Derby
and was married to her first cousin, John Murray,
and he should have
been heir to the dukedom, but he was ineligible since his father had
fought in the Jacobite Rising, but the House of Lords deemed John as
the rightful heir to his uncle's title and he succeed him as 3rd Duke
of Atholl, whereupon Charlotte became Duchess of Atholl.
She alos inherited the
sovereignty of the Isle of Man passed but she, quickly
bowed to pressure to confirm sale of regalities of Island to English
crown, an agreement that had been agreed to by her father, and in 1765
she sold regalities for 70,000 pounds but kept many other rights including
that of nominating the Bishop. She was mother
of 7 sons and 4 daughters, and lived (circa 1731-1805). |
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1764-1805 Marchioness María del
Pilar de Castejón y Silva of
Lanzarote
(Spain) |
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As the Marquesa de Lanzarote she was
feudal lady of the island in the Canary Islands, where the feudal
system lasted until 1812, though she lived in Madrid. She was also 4th
marquesa de Velamazán, 8th Marquesa de Gramosa, 3rd Marquesa de
Albaserrada, Condesa de Coruña, Vizcondesa de Torija, and de las Vegas
de Matute. She was married to her uncle Martín Pedro de Castejón y
Dávila, XVIII conde de Coruña, marqués de Beleña. conde de Paredes,
vizconde de Torija. They did not have any children and she was
succeeded by her cousin, María Luisa de Silva y González de Castejón,
and lived (1750-1806). |
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1764-1785/88
Overseer of the Crown Lands
Urszula Elżbieta Moszkowska of Barcice and
Rytro (Poland)
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Appointed by the king to be in charge of certain aspects of the local
administration. |
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1764-1817 Reigning Dowager Lady Sophie Caroline von
Braunschweig-Lüneburg of Neustadt Erlangen in Brandenburg-Bayreuth
(Germany) |
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Second wife of Margrave Markgraf Friedrich and after his death
she moved to the Castle of Erlangen, and funded a baroque court, and
gave the small University Town the air of a Residential City for more
than half a century. She did not have any children, and lived
(1737-1817). |
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1764-1802 Princess-Abbess Friedrike Charlotte Leopoldine Luise zu Brandenburg-Schwedt of
Herford (Germany)
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The Royal Princess of Preusia had been Koadjutorin from 1755. When she
took office, she confirmed Friderich Ulrich
Grafen von Oeynhausen as tenant of a number of estates of the chapter, using the
titulature of Friederica Charlotta Leopoldina Louise Prinzessin in Preußen
und Markgräfin zu Brandenburg, Äbtissin zu Herford. She was the
last sovereign ruler of the Ecclesiastical Territory which was
incorporated into Prussia in 1802 as part of the rearrangement of the
German Realm after the Napolionic wars. She remained in the Chapter until
shortly before she died after years of ilness. She was daughter of
Margrave Friedrich Heinrich von Preußen of Brandeburg-Schwedt and
Leopoldine zu Anhalt-Dessau. Her grandmother, Johanna Charlotta von
Anhalt-Dessau had been Princess-Abbess of Herford (1729-50) before her
marriage. lived (1745-1808). |
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1765-95 Rani Ahalaya Bay of Maratha (or Marathen) (India)
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Her
son, Mali Rao succeeded his grandfather, Malhar Rao Molkar, but died
after 9 months, where after she succeeded him. |
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1765-67and 1777-91 Regent Dowager Rani Sagvanabai Aisaheb of Phaltan
(India) |
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Aisaheb reigned alone after the death of Naik Mudhojirao Nimbalkar III
in 1765 until Naik Sayajirao Nimbalkar came on the throne in 1767. He
was succeeded by Malojirao Nimbalkar II and when he died in 1777 she
became regent for Naik Janrao Nimbalkar II (1777-1827). |
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1765-66 Governess Princess Carolina of Oranje-Nassau of
Friesland (The Netherlands) |
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Her parents' third, but first surviving child, and in 1747 it was
decreed that females could inherit the position of Stadtholder (and she
was granted the title opvolgster in het erfstadhouderschap), however
her brother, the future Willem V, was born the following year. Her
brother became Stadtholder in 1755, aged three, first with their
mother, Anna of Hanover and then with their grandmother, Marijke Meu
as regents. After the death of the grandmother, Carolina became regent
in the Northern Provinces. She had 15 children with her husband,
Prince Karl of Nassau, Count of Saarbrücken and Saarwerden, Herr of
Lahr, Mahlberg, Wiesbaden and Idstein. She lived (1743-87).
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1765-75 Princess-Abbess Maria Franzisca Josepha von Freudenberg of
Obermünster Regensburg (Germany) |
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As Princess of the Holy Roman
Realm, she was member of the
Bench of Swabian Prelates in the Diet of the Realm (Reichstag), who
was able to cast a collective vote - a so-called curiate (Kuriatstimme).
The same was the case for the Westphalian counts in the College of
Princes (Fürstenkolleg), where only the major Princes had their own
votes. The Princess-Abbesses normally voted via representatives (by
proxy) as did many of the other princes. |
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1765-92
Reigning Abbess
Julie
Sophie Charlotte de Pardaillan d'Antin of
the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Julie-Sophie-Gillette de Gondrin de Pardaillan d'Antin
was
driven from her monastery by the Revolution; her fate is unknown.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century there were 230 nuns and 60
monks at Fontevrault, and at the Revolution there were still 200 nuns,
but the monks were few in number and only formed a community at the
motherhouse. In the course of his preaching journeys through France,
Robert d'Arbrissel had founded a great number of houses, and during
the succeeding centuries others were given to the order. In the
seventeenth century the Fontevrist priories numbered about sixty in
all and were divided into the four provinces of France, Bretagne,
Gascone, and Auvergne. The order never attained to any great
importance outside France though there were a few houses in Spain and
England.
(d. 1797). |
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1765-68
Reigning
Abbess-General
Rosalía de Chaves
of the Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Among the many dignities and high offices held by
the abbess of Las Huelgas was that of the title of Abbess General of the
Order for the Kingdom of Leon and Castile dating from 1189, which gave
her the privilege of convoking a general chapter at Burgos each year.
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1765-87
Sovereign Countess Karoline Sophie Luise Maria Henriette Leopolde
von Pückler of Weltz and Limpurg-Sontheim-Schmiedelfeld-Speckfeld (A
part of the Amt of Obersontheim)(Germany) |
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The unmarried
daughter and successor of Friederike Amöne von Löwenstein-Wertheim.
After her death, her half-brother, Friedrich (son of her father in his
second marriage), inherited her part of the possessions.
She
lived (1765-87). |
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1766-1806 Sovereign Lady Luise von
Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenberg
of
Broich
(Germany)
1806-15 Lady of Broich |
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Unlike her father, she was interested in her
possession in Broich, in and often stayed there. She was married to
Georg-Wilhelm
zu Hessen-Darmstadt(d. 1782), the brother of the Reigning Landgrave,
Ludwig IX, and as he spend most of his time, she was in charge of
the representation of the state in Darmstadt after the death of his
wife in 1774. Her possessions were mediatised
and she lost the sovereignty and immediate status, but kept some
political and juridical rights, until the territories were finally
annexed by Preussen in 1815. The daughter of Count
Christian Karl Reinhard
zu
Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenberg
und Hildesheim (169-1766)
and Katharina Polyxena zu Solms-Rödelheim (1702-65),
Maria Luise Albertine was mother of 9 children, and lived
(1729-1818). |
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1766-79 In charge of the Government Dowager Duchess
Henriette Auguste von Lippe-Detmold of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
(Denmark and Germany)
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Her son, Frederik Henrik Vilhelm of
Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glücksborg was 19 when he succeeded his father,
Frederik of Glücksborg, and continued in Danish military service. She
lived (1725-77). |
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1766-77 Princess-Abbess Therese Natalie von
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of
Gandersheim (Germany) |
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The attempt to have her married to an Austrian
Archduke or French Prince stranded on the fact that she did not want to
convert to Catholicism. Instead she became Canoness in Herford
and in the last years of the 1740's she was designated as successor
of Elisabeth Ernestine Antonie von Sachsen-Meiningen in Gandersheim, and
after her death, she was elected. She spent a lot of time at the court
in Braunschweig and the chapter fell apart. She was daughter of
Ferdinand Albrecht of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Antoinette Amalie of
Braunschweig-Blankenberg. Her sister was the de-facto regent Queen
Juliane-Marie of
Denmark
(1729-72-84-96). Therese Natalie
lived (1728-78).
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1766-81 Princess-Abbess Maria Anna von Habsburg-Lothringen of
the Theresian Noble Convent at the Hradschin in Prague (Austria-Hungary
(Österreich-Ungarn)) |
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Her
mother, Empress Maria Theresia, had founded the convent in 1755. As
abbess she enjoyed princely ecclesiastical rank (fürstliche geistliche
würde), only temporal duties and a high income. The Archduchess was
member of a number of Imperial Academies of Art and was interested in
science and music. In 1781 she resigned and moved to Klagenfurt where
she lived close to the he Elizabethan Convent the rest of her life.
She lived
(1738-89).
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1766-68 Hereditary Duchess Marie
Leszczyńska of Lorraine (France) |
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Daughter of Stanislas Leszczynski (1677-1766), who was King of Poland
(1704-09) and 1733-36), Administrator of Zweibrücken (1709-16) and
then resided at Wissembourg until he became Duke of Lorraine (1737-66).
After the death, she inherited the Duchy which became included in
the domains of her husband, King Louis XV. She was a very quiet,
gentle, and extremely religious person, held her own court in her
chambers, receiving guests and carrying out ceremonial function and
did not become involved in court intrigues and lived a quiet, peaceful
existence. She lived (1703-68). |
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1767-95 Regent Dowager Maharani Ahalya Bai of Indore (Andaur)
(India) |
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The
daughter in-law of Malhar Rao Holkar (1694-1766), she became ruler
after his death. She governed the state from a palace fort at
Maheshwar on the northern bank of the Narmada river. She established
several religious edifices remarkable in architecture. She died at
Maheshwar where a large mausoleum stands in her memory. Her son Malle
Rao Holkar became Maharaja after her death. |
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1767-77 Sitti Saleh I of Tallo (Indonesia) |
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Born as Princess of Taeng she succeeded Abdul Kadir II.
She (d. 1778). |
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1767-77 Dowager Joint Sovereign Lady of the Realm Christine
Wilhelmine von Löwenhaupt of Reipoltskirchen (Germany)
1767-1803 Lady of Ober-
und Niederbronn |
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Her
husband Philipp Andreas von Ellroth, died after 18 months of marriage.
He had bought part of the Lordship by the von Löwenhaupt-owners. But
the Elector of Pfalz-Zweibrücken took possession of the territory. In
1777 she sold her part of the lordship to the Princess Karoline von
Isenburg, the natural daughter of Elector Karl Theodor. In 1803 she,
the "verwittweten Gräfin von Löwenhaupt", was granted 11.300 Gulden
for her share in the Lordships of Ober- und Niederbronn at the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (Principal Conclusion of the
Extraordinary Imperial Delegation)
which distributed the German lands in to larger entities. |
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1767-1805/08 Royal Abbess Maria Elisabeth von Habsburg-Lothringen
of the Royal Chapter in Innsbruck (Austria-Hungary) |
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The
chapter was founded by her mother, Empress Maria Theresia of
Austria-Hungary with the purpose of praying for her father Emperor
Franz I Stefan, who died the same year. She had been hit by smallpox
in 1767 and she became Abbess of the Worldly Chapter for noble ladies.
She became the centre of the town-life because of her extrovert
personality. In 1805 she fled the Napoleonic troops and three years
later the convent was dissolved by Bavaria. She lived (1743-1808). |
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1767-70
Princess_Abbess Maria Augusta Josepha von Fürstenberg-Stühlingen of the Royal Chapter St.
Georg at the Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
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Granted the
right to become canoness in Buchau from 1741 but it is not known is she
acctually took up the position. 1767 Empress Maria Theresia confirmed her
election "Maria Theresia, Kömische Kayserin, Wittib“ bestätigt die „nach
tödtlichem Hintritt der Anna Scholastica Paulerin von Hohenburg“ erfolgte
Wahl der „Maria Josepha aus dem fürstlichen Hauß von Fürstenberg“ zur
Aebtissin von St. Georg". She was daughter of Joesph Wilhelm Ernst von
Fürstenberg and Maria Anna von Waldstein. (d. 1770). |
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1768-78 Regent Dowager Rani Chandawatiji Maharani Sahiba
of Janipur (India) |
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In charge of the government in the name of son H.H. Saramad-i-Raja-i-Hindustan, Raj Rajeshwar Shri
Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Sawai Shri Prithvi Singh II Bahadur, who
lived (1763-78). He was married to several wifes, and was succeeded by
brother. |
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1768-83 Regent Dowager Baroness Marie Katharina van Tuyll van
Serooskerken of Knyphausen (Germany) |
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Following the death of her
husband, Count Christian Frederik Bentinck (1734-1768) (Son of
Charlotte-Sophie von Aldenburg und Knyphausen and Willem Bentinck,
Count Bentinck from 1732),
she was regent for their son, the sovereign baron, Wilhelm II Gustav van Bentinck
(1762-35), who reigned 1768-1810, 1813 and 1818-35. The territory was
annexed to the Netherlands in 1810 and occupied by Russia 1813-18.
She lived (1743-98). |
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1768-92 Sovereign Duchess Marie-Thérèse-Louise de
Savoie-Carignan of Rambouillet (France) |
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After the death of her husband, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre,
prince de Lamballe she was granted the Duchy for life, since they did
not have any children. She was a devoted friend and favourite of Queen
Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette. She was extremely unpopular and was
killed by a mob during the French Revolution in the September
massacres (1792), and her head was displayed on a pike under the
queen's windows.
She lived
(1749–92). |
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1768-1802 Princess-Abbess Maria Bernarda von Markdorf of Baindt
(Germany) |
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In
1797 the convent reached its peak with 37 noble ladies, but in 1803 it
was abolished. Maria Bernarda's
family had been Lords of Markdorf, by the Bodensee, since the 11th
century. |
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Until 1768
Reigning Abbess
Françoise de Dion de Wandonne of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere, Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
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Daughter of the Lord of Wanndonne, Couplelle, Louvigny and La Viélville. |
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1768-90
Reigning Abbess Marie
Hosephe Camille de Coupigny d'Hénu of
Bourbourg,
Lady of
Oxelaere, Noordpeene,
Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
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The French Council of State confirmed the original provision, that the
canonesses had to be of noble families from the Low Countries or Artois, who
could trace back noble origin from both sides of their family for at least 4
quarters (generations). She wasaughter of the Lord of Hénu, Warlincourt and
Marie Héricourt. |
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1768-1806 De-facto ruler, Queen Consort Maria Caroline von
Habsburg-Lorraine of The Two Sicilies (Italy)
1777-1806 Councillor of State |
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Daughter of Empress Maria-Theresia of Austria and very influential
during the reign of her husband, Ferdinando di Borbone who became King
of Napoli when his father succeeded as king of Spain. When she gave
birth to a male heir in 1777, she became a member of the Council of
state. Under Maria’s influence Ferdinando joined her brother in
opposing the French Revolution, which resulted in the invasion of
Naples. Ferdinando escaped to Sicily leaving his kingdom to become a
Republic controlled by France. By June 1799 he had gathered his forces
and returned to crush the opposition and regain his throne. In 1806
Naples was captured by Napoleon, and he installed his brother, Joseph,
as King. This forced Ferdinando to abdicate and leave once more for
Sicily. He returned to Naples again after Napoleon's downfall. In
1816 Naples and Sicily were united when the kingdom of the Two
Sicilies was formed. By 1820, dissatisfaction with the monarchy
resulted in an uprising, which Ferdinando quelled by
reluctantly agreeing to a new constitution. However, in 1821 he called
on Austrian forces to overthrow the reactionary government. She lived (1752-1814). |
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1769-89
Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Febronia Elisabeth Speth
von Zwyfalten of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Her family were Freiherren - Barons - in Hohenzollern, and also
known as von Speth-Zwyfalten. |
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1769-1802 Politically Influential Duchess Maria Amalia
von Habsburg-Lorraine of Parma and Piacenza (Italy) |
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Daughter of Empress Maria-Theresia of Austria and very influential
during the reign of her husband, Fernando de Borbone, Duke of Parma
and Piacenza, and showed her abilities as politician during the
Napoleonic wars, which meant that Parma was occupied by France in
1796. After her husband's death in 1802, she moved to Prague. And
though the marriage was very unhappy, she gave birth to four children,
and lived (1746-1802). |
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1769-74 Politically Influential Countess Jeanne du Barry in
France |
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Her
unpopularity contributed to the decline of the prestige of the crown
in the early 1770s. She was born Marie-Jeanne Bécu, the illegitimate
daughter of lower-class parents. After a convent education, she was a
shop assistant in a fashion house in Paris. While there she became the
mistress of Jean du Barry, who introduced her into Parisian high
society, and her beauty captivated a succession of nobly born lovers
before she attracted Louis XV's attention in 1768. Du Barry arranged a
nominal marriage between Jeanne and his brother, Guillaume du Barry,
and in April 1769 she joined Louis XV's court. She immediately joined
the faction that brought about the downfall of Louis XV's Minister of
Foreign Affairs, the Duke de Choiseul, in 1770; and she then supported
the drastic judicial reforms instituted by her friend the chancellor
René-Nicolas de Maupeou, in 1771. On the accession of Louis XVI,
Madame du Barry was banished to a nunnery; from 1776 until the
outbreak of the Revolution she lived on her estates with the Duke de
Brissac. In 1792 she made several trips to London, probably to give
financial aid to French émigrés. Condemned as a counter-revolutionary
by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris in December 1793, she was
guillotined, and lived (1743-93). |
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