Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg/Grussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg/Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Grossherzogtum Luxemburg (Female Suffrage 1918) Sovereign nation 1815 in personal union with the kings of the Netherlands until 1890 when Queen Wilhelmina succeeded to the throne. In Luxembourg the salic law still prevailed, and an other branch of the House of Nassau succeeded to the throne of Luxembourg

Also see Luxembourg Ministers

1136 Ermesinde I van Namen
In herited the county from her nephew Konrad II, but gave it to her son Henrik van Namen, and never really reigned. She was the daughter of Conrad I of Louxembourg. First married to Albert von Moha-Dasburg and from 1109 with Godfried van Namen,  and retired to a convent after his death in 1139.

1196-1247 Countess Ermeside II of Luxembourg
She lived (1186-1247)

1226-71 Countess Regnant Jeanne de Warc of Chiny

1288 Reigning Dowager Countess Beatrix d'Avenes of Luxembourg
She was widow of Heinrich VI (1240-81-88), and regent for son Heinrich VIII (1274/75-1313), who later became Holy Roman Emperor. She lived (1250/55-1320).

1346-53 Regent Dowager Countess Beatrice de Bourbon of Luxembourg
Regent for Count Venceslas. His half-brother was Emperor Karl of Germany.

1400-20 Countess Regnant Elisabeth de Sponheim-Hindenberg of Vienne/Vianden
She was Countess of Sponheim-Kreutznach 1414-17/21.

1411-43 Duchess Elisabeth von Görlitz of Luxembourg
She was given the Dukedom of Luxembourg as mortgage (Pfandherzogin) by her uncle Emperor Sigismund von Luxembourg. Her first husband, Anton von Burgundy, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, fought back three uprisings of the nobility until 1415, when he died. Her next husband was Johann von Bavaria of Holland, and after his death in 1427, she became heavily indebted and sold her hereditary rights to Duke Philippe von Burgundy, but the Luxembourg states rejected this, but instead he invaded the duchy two years later. She was the only daughter of Duke Johann von Görlitz (d. 1396) and Ricardis von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, had no children and lived (1390- 1451).

1437-40 Elisabeth von Luxemburg
Concurrently Queen Regnant of Bohemia and of Croatia-Dalmatia, Soverign, 1439-1440 Regent of Hungary. After the death of her father, Sigismund of Luxembourg, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the Hungarian States recognized her as Lady of the Land (Landesherrin), which pawed the way for her first husband, Albert von Habsburg's election as king of Hungary. After his death she struggled for the power in the name of her unborn son, Ladislaus Postumus, who became Duke of Luxembourg, and titular King of Hungary upon his birth in 1440, but was not  recognised as king until 1446. Her daughter, Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of Poland, held on to her claims to the Duchy until 1467 when she ceeded the claims to Charles de Bourgogne, who bought the right to the territory of Elixabeth von Görlitz in 1441. Elisabeth lived (1409-42).

1477-82 Duchess Maria de Burgundy of Luxembourg
She was also Duchess of  Geldern, Limburg, Jülich, Brabant, Quilon, Bar and Franche-Comté, Markgravin of Higher-Elsass, Breisgau, Lower-Elsass and Antwerpen, Countess of Flanderes, Hainaut, d'Artois, Boulonge,  Namur, Pouthieu, Picardie, d'Eu, Vermandôis, Charolais, Macon, Montbeliard, Zutphern, Nevers and Rethel  and Baroness d'Ilês, Bar-sur-Seine etc.

1596-1621 Duchess Isabella Clara Eugenia of Habsburg-Spain of Luxembourg and Franche-Comté
In 1621-33 Governor/Stadtholder of the Southern Low Countries with the title of Princesse Souveraine des Pays-Bas. She was daughter of Felipe II of Spain. She lived (1566-1633)

1725-41 Stadtholder Archduchess Maria-Elisabeth von Habsburg of the Southern Low Countries (Belgium-Luxembourg)
Her brother, Emperor Karl V, appointed her as Governor of the Austrian Netherlands, a Federation of Brabant, Flanders, Hainaut, Namur, Limburg and Luxembourg,  each of which had its own tradition, laws and identity. The Austrian administration pursued a Mercantilist policy intending to improve the economy. But the Habsburg dynasty interests outweighed those of the southern Netherlands and Austrian diplomacy never achieved the lifting of the blockade of Schelde, and in 1731 the charter of the Oostende East India Company, which had been founded in 1722, was lifted in return for recognition by Great Britain and the Dutch Republic of the Pragmatic Sanction, making her niece, Maria-Theresia the heir of Austria and Hungary. Maria-Elisabeth was daughter of Emperor  of Leopold I, unmarried and lived (1680-1741)

1740-80 Duchess Maria Theresa von Habsburg of  Luxembourg
Also Queen of Bohemia-Hungaria, Archduchess of Austria etc, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, Duchess of  Geldern, Limburg, Jülich, Luxembourg, Brabant, Quilon, Bar and Franche-Comté, Markgravin of Higher-Elsass, Breisgau, Lower-Elsass and Antwerpen, Countess of Flanderes, Hainaut, d'Artois, Boulonge,  Namur, Pouthieu, Picardie, d'Eu, Vermandôis, Charolais, Macon, Montbeliard, Zutphern, Nevers and Rethel  and Baroness d'Ilês, Bar-sur-Seine etc.

1744 Governor/Stadtholder Anna-Maria von Habsburg-Austria of the Southern Low Countries
She was sister of Maria-Theresa and married to her brother-in-law, Prince Karl von Lothringen/Lorraine

1780-93/98 Co-Governante-General Maria-Christine Johanna Josefa Antonia von Habsburg-Lothringen of the Southern Low Countries
She was Duchess of Teschen 1765-98 together with husband. Daughter of Maria Theresa. 

1908 Lieutenant-Representante Grand-Duchesse Maria-Anna de Bragança (19.03-18.11)
1908-1912 Grande Duchesse Regent (18.11-14.6)
Regent for her husband Grand Duke Guillaume IV who was blind and afterwards for her daughter, who came of age after 4 months after accending to the throne. She was born Infanta (Princess) of Portugal. She lived (1861-1942)

1912-19 Grand Duchess Maria-Adélheïde zu Nassau-Weilburg (25.2-15.1)
Her full title was By the Grace of God Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Duchess of Nassau, Countess-Palatine and Electress of the Rhine, Countess of Sayn, Hadenburg, Königstein, Krazenborgen and Dietz, Burgravine of Hammerstein, Dame of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein.
She abdicated in favour of her sister. She was the oldest of 6 sisters. Unmarried. She retired to a convent in Italy, where she died, she lived (1894-1924)

1919-64 Grande-Duchesse Charlotte zu Nassau-Weilburg (15.1-12.12)
1940-44 Leader of the government in exile (10.5-10.9)
By the Grace of God Grande-Duchess of Luxembourg, Duchess of Nassau etc.
Married to Prince Félix de Bourbon-Parma, Prince-Consort of Luxembourg, abdicated in favour of her son, Grand Duke Jean, who ruled until his abdication in 2000, the oldest of her six children. He had been appointed Lieutenant-General in 1961. She lived (1896-1985).

1975-99 Member of the Council of State Annette Schwall-Lacroix
(b. 1927-).